Tài liệu Báo cáo " Năng lực nội sinh - nhân tố thúc đẩy phát triển bền vững trong giai đoạn mới" pdf

D D D D NGHIEN euu - TRAO DO! D D D n NANG LL/C N O I SINH - N H A N TO T H O C DAY PHAT TRIEN BEN VCfNG TRONG GIAI DOAN Mdi T r a n K i m H a o '' L e T h a n h Y ** K h u n g hoang tai chi'nh quo'c te da lam boc lo nhijtng diem yeu cd b a n cua nen kinh te Viet N a m D\J chan khiing hoang va tac dong ciia nhiJng n h a n to' ben ngoai khien nhieu linh vvic san x u a t kinh doanh sut giam, a n h hiiOng k h o n g chi boat dgng kinh te ma gay he luy den nhieu van de xa hoi Doi mat vc'ii khiing hoang, gan day mot so n h a n to mdi xuat hien da tao niem tin de co the di sau p h a n tich, him noi bat nhiing ye'u to'cot loi ciia p h a t trien ben viing Qua do, n a n g liic noi sinh dUdc n h a n m a n h la mot hudng dUdc dae biet quan tam du'a d a t nitdc vifdt (jua n h u n g kho k h a n thach thiic P h a t t r i e n b e n vvlng, nhufng n h a n to h o p t h a n h ti^ n a n g hie n o i s i n h P h a t trien ben vufng la khai niem xuat hien vao nhiing n a m dSu t h a p nien 1970, Nam 1980, ChitOng t r i n h Moi trifdng LHQ (UNEP) dita q u a n diem p h a t trien vdi noi dung n h a n nicanh den giiip del ngiWi ngheo: sii d u n g hdp ly tai nguyen thien nhien, phat trien hieu qua vdi chi phi thap: sii dung cong nghe thich hdp: quan t a m den site khoe, tu' bao dam KfOng thiic nxidc sach va nha d cho moi ngUdi Trong Bao cao "Titdng lai ciia ehung ta " cong bo'nam 1987, Hoi dong Moi tritdng va P h a t trie'n The gidi (WCED) xac dinh "Phdt trien ben vdng Id sU phdt trien dap dng di/dc nhdng yeu cdu cua hien tgi, nhitng khong gay trd ngai cho vd}c dap dng nhu cdu ciia the hi} mai sau" (Chinh plui Viet N a m 2004) So 28 19^10/20091 De p h a t t n e n ben viing thi moi tritdng dia ly la ye'u to'ciic ky q u a n trong: kinh te vi mo on dinh la dieu kien ciing la tien de cho p h a t trien Chi tren q u a n diem va nhiing quye't dinh diing dan xay diing the che hinh t h a n h e h u a n mu'c cho h a n h vi p h a t t n e n mdi h a n che du'dc khiing hoang va nhiing anh hUdng tieu cue den tinh hinh kinh te xa hoi Ngoai ra, moi trifdng van hoa xa hoi l)ao gom ca nhiing gia tri truyen thong, t h a m my, loi song de k h a n g dinh ban sac van hoa c|uoc gia, dan toe eiing la doi hoi can thiet evia p h a t trien ben viing Lii van de rong 16n, phat trien ben viing lien (juan den nhiing dieu kien dam bao thiic hien nhif kha n a n g tai chinh, trinh KH&CN, giao due dao tao eon ngiidi hudng vao khai thae, sii d u n g hdp ly tai nguyen va nhiing uguon liic hien co Trong do, n a n g liic noi sinh dUdc eoi la yeu to' then cho't Gidi p h a n tich eho rang, day la van de co y nghia quyet dinh de thiie hien muc tieu p h a t trien kinh te n h a n h hieu cjua va hen viing P h a t trien n a n g liie noi sinh eo noi h a m lien q u a n mat thiet den sii ket hdp ciia von va cong nghe: til nguon liic ben eiia dat nUde ket hdp vdi nhiing ye'u to' ben ngoai de khai thae va sit d u n g thich hdji nhiing ngudn liie hien CO, iriidc het la tai nguyen thien nhien Ti'iui Kmi Hao, Tien sy kmh to, Vien Nghien riiu Qiuin ly Kinh te Trung Udng Le Thanh Y, Tien sy, chuyen gia kmh le OUANtYKINHT^ NGHIEN ClAJ - TRAO DOI NANG Lire NOI SINH - NHAN T THUC DAY PHAT TRIEN BEN VLTNG T R O N G GIAI DOAN MOI va von ngiidi (Nguyen Hiiu Thang 2008) Tai nguyen thien nhien la nguon cua cai vat chat thien nhien tao ra, no bao gom: dat dai, riing bien, dong thiic vat khoang san, nang liidng tii nhien, khong khi, niidc mat, niidc ngam: anh sang mat trdi, nang gio ca khong gian tren mat dat, diidi day dai diidng va long dat Tai nguyen thien nhien co nhiing thii vo han va co nhiing thii hiiu han can diidc dieu tra khao sat de sii dung hdp ly, tai sinh va khong ngifng phat trien Nguon Iiic ngifdi la nhan to' dau vao cd ban cua san xuat day la mot nguon von quy nha't Trong dieu kien phat trien cua KH&CN hien dai, nhan liic va lao dong d cac niidc dang phat trien co nhieu tiem nang de trd nguon liic sang tao to Idn Von ngiidi diidc tang cifdng va phat huy tren cd sd giao due dao tao se trd liie lifdng thiic day sii phat trien than ky giong nhii sii khdi dau cua nhiing nen kinh te phat trien chau Au Ngoai tai nguyen thien nhien va nguon liic ngiidi, qua trinh san xuat kinh doanh chi co the phat trien tot dam bao diidc cac nguon von bao ham ca til lieu vat chat diiOc tich luy va nguon von diidc xac dinh bang tien Trong nguon von nay, tich luy noi bo tii cac doanh nghiep va cac tang Idp dan cii co vai tro rat quan Ciing vdi nhiing nguon liic tren day, nghien ciiu sang tao cong nghe va chuyen giao dUdc cong nghe vao thiic tien san xuat kinh doanh ciing la mot liic liidng san xuat to Idn Liic liidng bao gom ca nhiing noi dung nghien ciiu khoa hoc de tao cong nghe mdi va to chiic chuyen giao mot each hieu qua ket qua nghien ciiu vao san xuat va ddi song Nhiing nhan to' dau vao ciia san xuat kinh doanh neu tren day chi c6 the phat trien hieu qua nang liic kmh doanh, dieu hanh quan ly cac cap he thong kinh te xa hoi thiic sii phat trien, hoi du nang liic can thie't Nang liic kinh doanh la mot loai hinh the hien kha nang noi sinh, dong vai tro quyet dinh phat trien ben QUAN LY KINH Tl viing Nang liic noi sinh quan ly gin vdi trinh nang liic, y chi va dao diic kmh doanh ciia nha doanh nghiep, no c6 anh hiidng rong Idn de'n phat trien san xuat tang triidng kinh te va tac dong manh me de'n cac ye'u to' d i u vao ve tai nguyen thien nhien, nguon nhan liic tii lieu san xuat, nguon tai chinh va nhiing tien bo KH&CN Nang liic noi smh ciia mot quoc gia la nhiing nguon liic noi tai co the huy dong vao phat trien kinh t e - xa hoi O niidc ta, nguon liic kha phong phii va da dang ca ve ngiidi tai nguyen thien nhien, tiem liic khoa hoc cong nghe, tri tue, kha nang tai chinh, van hoa vat the va phi vat the Phat huy noi liic la mot chii triidng kien tri, tap trung cua lanh dao Dang va Nha niidc sii nghiep doi mdi, thiic hien CNH-HDH dat nxidc Chii triiOng ciing diiOc khang dinh cac van kien ciia Dang va cu the hoa bang nhiing van ban luat phap ma noi dung xuyen suot la coi nguon liic niidc dong vai tro quyet dinh (Nguyen Hiiu ThSng 2008: CIEM 2009) Dai hoi Dang Cong san Viet Nam Ian thii VIII da xac dinh "Dita vdo nguon lUc nitdc Id chinh di doi vdi tranh thu tdi da nguon lite ben ngodi" (Dang CSVN 1996) Van kien Dai hoi Dang Ian thii IX tie'p tue khang dinh " Tap trung thao gd mgi vit&ng mdc, xod bo mpi trd lite dekhdi day nguon lite to Idn ddn, cd vu cdc nhd kinh doanh vd mpi ngiidi ddn sdc lam gidu cho minh vd cho ddt nUdc Tiep tue cdi thien moi trUdng ddu tiC de thu hut tdt hdn vd sd dung CO hieu qud cdc nguon lite ben ngodi Not lite Id quye't dinh, ngogi lite Id quan trgng, gdn ket vdi thdnh nguon lite tdng hdp de phdt tried ddt nitdc " (Dang CSVN 2001) Tai Dai hoi Dang Ian thii X, Bao cao chinh tri ciia BCH Trung lidng chi ro " Phdt huy noi lite, xem Id nhdn td quyei dinh ddi vdi sit phdt trien, dong thdi coi trpng huy dong cdc nguon ngogi lite; thong qua hpi nhap vd hdp tdc qudc te tranh thd cdc nguon lite ben ngodi dephdt huy npi lite mgnh hdn, nhdm tao sdc mgnh tong hdp de phdt tried ddt nitdc nhanh vd ben vdng " (Dang CSVN 2006) So 28 (9+10/2009) NANG Lire NOI SINH - NHAN TO THUG DAY PHAT TRIEN B£N VUMG TRONG GIAI DOAN MOI Cu the hoa chii triidng cua Dang, cac to chiic N h a niidc da ban h a n h va thiie thi nhieu van ban p h a p l u a t n h a m khdi day cac nguon liic noi sinh, t a p t r u n g chii ye'u vao: Tao moi triidng t h u a n Idi cho hoat dong dau tit, to chiic san x u a t kinh d o a n h va p h a t trien cac loai h i n h d o a n h nghiep thuoc moi t h a n h p h a n k i n h te: doi mdi va n a n g cao hieu qua va siic e a n h t r a n h cua doanh nghiep n h a niidc; p h a t trien dong bo, tao sii van h a n h thong suot cua cac loai hinh thi triidng (hang hoa dich vu tai ehinh, bat dong san, lao dong, khoa hoc cong nghe); doi mdi va hoan thien chinh sach thue' theo nguyen tac cong bang, thong nha't, dong bg dam bao moi triidng t h u a n Idi cho p h a t trien san xuat kinh doanh: ke't hdp cac nguon liic tai chinh va chinh sach tien te vdi chinh sach tai khoa, thiic hien linh hoat chinh sach tien te, tin dung; k h u y e n khich eae t h a n h p h a n kinh te dau tii p h a t trien san xuat kinh doanh N h a m p h a t h u y toi da Idi the so s a n h va nguon liic cl tiing vimg va moi dia phiidng, viee trien khai quy hoaeh va ke hoaeh p h a t trien kinh te - xa hoi da diidc doi mdi ea ve noi dung, phiidng p h a p xay diing, xet duyet va to ehiie thiie hien De khai thae tot h(in noi liic, viee thu hiit nguon liic ben ngoai difde quan t a m pho'i, ket hdp theo hiidng da dang hoa ca ve h i n h thiic va cd che dau tii de thu hiit cac n h a dSu tii niidc ngoai vao nhiing n g a n h va linh viic q u a n trong, tao t h u a n Idi va ho trd eho p h a t trien n a n g liie noi sinh Chinh saeh t h u hiit dau tii niide ngoai cung vdi chinh sach chii dong va tich ciic hoi n h a p da d a n g hoa, da phiidng hda vao nen kinh te toan cau da gop p h a n ke't hdp C hieu qua nguon liic noi sinh va cua O ben ngoai phuc vu muc tieu p h a t trien dat niidc Vai n e t v e k i n h t e V i e t N a m n a m 2009 du'di t a c d o n g c u a k h i i n g h o a n g Trong khiing h o a n g tai ehinh va suy thoai kinh te toan cau lanh dao Dang va Nha niidc da q u a n t a m khai thae, p h a t huy siic manh nguon liic niidc, dae biet la SA 28 (9+10/2009) NGHIEN ClAJ - TRAO DPI Q ^ u l i t ve thi triidng noi dia Day la ed hoi de tai cau triic, md rong thi triidng niidc va giam dan sii phu thuoc vao thi triidng ben ngeai Trdng thong diep dau n a m 2009 Thii tiidng Chinh phii Nguyen Tan Diing da n h a n m a n h "Md rpng thi tritdng noi dia, tdng citdng npi tieu khong chi la yeu cdu cdp bach bdi cdnh thi tritdng xuat khdu thu hep md Id hudng phdt trien quan trgng qud trinh xdy ditng nen kinh te doc lap, tit chu dieu kien todn cdu hod vd hoi nhap kinh te qudc te Thi tritdng npi dia la die'm tUa de cdc doanh nghiep nitdc ta viCdn len cgnh tranh, ndi cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam co Idi the hdn so vdi thi trUdng nitdc ngodi " N h a n thiic ro t a m q u a n ciia viee khai thae nguon liic noi sinh, Chinh phii da diia nhieu chiidng t r i n h kich cau n h a m ho trd eho cac to chiic s a n x u a t kinh doanh va ngiidi tieu diing niidc Nhiing bien phap cu the tien h a n h tii nhiing goi tai chinh ho trd da the hien traeh nhiem ciia Chinh phii k h a i thae, p h a t huy the m a n h noi liie, eoi noi liic la yeu to quyet dinh ket hdp n a n g liic noi sinh vdi nguon liic tii ben ngoai tao t h a n h siie manh tong hdp de diia dat niide di len Nhd nhiing no liic boi eanh kinh te the gidi tiep tue tren da suy thoai thi nen kinh te niidc ta da lay lai da t a n g triidng Trong t h a n g d^u n a m 2009, GDP ca niidc t a n g 3,9% cong nghiep t a n g 3,48%, nong nghiep 1,25% dich vu 5,5%) va kim ngach xuat n h a p k h a u dat tren 53,7 ty USD ( N C E I F 2009) Nhieu s a n p h a m cong nghiep phuc vu san x u a t nhii dau tho, xi mang, sat thep deu t a n g kha Tinh ehung t h a n g dau nam, s a n liidng dau tho dat khoang 8,67 t r i e u t a n , t a n g 17.9%) so vdi eiing ky n a m triicie San xuat nong - lam - ngii nghiep van diide tri va eo biide |)hat t n e n Viidt ([ua nhiing yeu to bat Idi ve thdi tiet, haii, miia vu va dich benh: gia tri san xuat toim n g a n h t h a n g dau n a m dat 96,8 nghin ly dong t a n g 2,5%i so vdi ciing ky 2008 giai QUAN LY KINH T^ vim NGHIEN cut) - TRAO DOI NANG LLfC NOI SINH • NHAN TO THUC BAY PHAT TRlgN BSN VUMG TRONG GIAI DOAN MOI doan nay, san pham nong - l a m - thuy san la nhiing mat hang co toe tang triiOng xuat khau 16n nha't Dich vu la nganh co miic tang triicing cao; tong gia tri san xuat va doanh thu dich vi^ tieu dung thang Mdc dat 547,5 nghin ty dong, tang g^n 20% so vdi ciing ky nam 2008, da gop phan dang ke vao tang triidng ehung cua toan nen kinh te Trong thang dau nam, viee phat trien thi triidng niidc diidc coi la giai phap hiiu hieu de ngan chan da suy giam kinh te Do tac dong cua suy thoai kinh te vi$c thu hiit von dau tii niidc ngoai thang dau nam 2009 da gram siit manh, von FDI dang ky chi dat 8.9 ty USD bang 22,6% so vdi Cling ky nam triidc Dieu dang quan ngai la vo'n FDI dau tii vao nong nghiep qua nho (0,61%) va C xu hiidng cang giam, O chiia dong gop diidc nhieu cho phat tnen nong thon Sii dung hieu qua vo'n dau tii la van de thu hiit sii chii y Idn nghien ciiu phat trien ben viing Nhiing nam qua, cung vdi gia tang von dau tii, he so ICOR nen kmh te Viet Nam lien tue gia tang, nam 2005 d miie 4,85; nam 2007 la 5,38 va de'n 2008 da vot len 6,68 Dieu ehiing to hieu qua dau tii nen kinh te eang giam Slit Day la van de can diidc phan tich lam ro de co nhiing giai phap khdc phuc tich cite nham dat diide sii phat tnen ben viing (NCEIF 2009) Tinh hinh kmh te bien dong da lam cho thi trUdng lao dong -viee lam thang dau nam co nhiing diln bien bat thiidng Trong quy 1/2009, so lao dong tai cac khu cong nghiep, khu che xuat va thi cua 48 tinh/ pho' bi mat viee va thie'u viee lam len tdi gan 65.000; tren 30 nghin lao dong d cac lang nghe thuoc vung nong thon mat viee Theo dii bao cua Bo Lao dong Thifdng binh va Xa hoi, so' lao dong mat viee lam khu viic.thanh thi va cac khu cong nghiep thang cuo'i nam c6 the len de'n 100 nghin ngiiOi (NCEIF 2009) Thvfc trang n a n g liic noi sinh va phat huy noi liic phat trien kinh te xa hoi 3.1 Nguon life ngUdi Vdi nguon nhan liic doi dao, dai bo phan d tuoi tre; Viet Nam diidc danh gia co cd cau dan Sd' vang, day la Idi the quan de phat tnen dat niidc Tii nhiing chii tritdng va chinh sach phat huy noi liic, liic liidng lao dong diidc thu hiit vao hoat dong kinh te xa hoi mot gia tang; nang suat diidc cai thien dang ke Liic liidng lao dong tham gia hoat dong kinh te va nang suat lao dong xa hoi giai doan 2000 - 2008 diidc the hien Bang Bdng Lao dpng hoat dpng kinh te va nang suat lao dpng xa hpi giai doan 2000 - 2008 Ddn vi tinh: 1.000 ngiidi, trieu dong/ ^^^^ Danh muc Nam ngitdi,% 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 37.609,6 42.526,9 43.338,9 44.173,8 44.915,8 48,44 51,17 51,51 51,86 52,10 11,7 19,7 22,5 25,9 32,9 - - 14.2 15,1 27,0 ^^^^^ So lao dong Ty le %/dan sd Nang suai lao dong % tang Ngudn: Tdng cue Thoiig ke 2009 QUAN LY KINH T£ 86 28(9+10/2009) NANG LUC NOI SINH - NHAN TO T H U C DAY PHAT TR|£N BSN VUMG TRONG GIAI DOAN MOI Cling vdi nang suat lao dong lien tue gia tang, ed cau lao dong da co sii chuyen dich theo hiidng giam dan ty trong nong nghiep, gia tang cong nghiep va dich vu Tuy nhien, so' liidng lad dong NGHIEN ClrtJ - TRAD 001 Q ^ ' J I san suat nong nghiep giam diidc khong nhieu, neu nam 2000 co 24,48 trieu thi de'n 2008 van tren 23.63 trieu ngiidi Cd cau lao dong theo nganh kinh te the hien d Bang Bdng Co cau lao dpng theo nganh kinh te giai doan 2000 - 2008 Bdn vi tinh % ^"" ^^ Nam 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 Nong nghiep 65,09 57,10 55,37 53,90 52,62 Cong nghiep 13,11 18,20 19,23 19,97 20,83 Dich vu 21,80 24,70 25.40 26,13 26,55 Nganh ^ ^ ^ ^ Ngudn: Tdng cue Thong ke 2009 Nguon vo'n quy liic liidng lad dong ciia niidc ta la doi ngii tri thiic Theo Lien hiep cac hoi Khoa hoe va Ky thuat Viet Nam, doi ngii tri thiie niidc ta hien co tren 2,4 trieu ngiidi, chiem 2,9%) dan so' Trong do, 65%) lam viee cac to chiic nghien ciiu va giao due dao tao, 22% cong tac tai eae cd quan hanh ehinh nha niidc, chi co chiing 13%) hoat dong cac to chiic san xuat kinh doanh (Le Thanh Y 2008) 3.2 Ddt dai vd tdi nguyen thien nhien Tai nguyen dat dai, riing, bien, khoang san, dau va hau vdi nhiing nguon nang liidng tai tao diidc d niidc ta rat phong phii, C trii liidng cao Day la Idi the dae biet O ciia mot dat niidc co vi tri quan tren nhiing true giao liiu hang hoa quo'c te Viee phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep niidc va hdp tac dau tii niidc ngoai da md nhiing trien vong tot dep khai thae dau va nhiing nguon khoang san Idn Lien quan den phat huy noi liic cua tren 52% lao dong xa hoi nganh nong - lam - ngii nghiep thi tai nguyen dat, niidc, ning, bien la nhiing dau vao quan de phat trien ben viing quoc gia Trong tong dien tich dat dai tii nhien 33.115.000 diidc xac dinh nam 2008, dat ncng nghiep chiem tren 9,42 trieu Trong do, dat cay hang nam chiem 61%, cay dai 33% Dat lam nghiep hien c6 14,817 trieu ha, dai bo phan la riing tii nhien; theo so' lieu thong ke nam 2003, dien tich riing tii nhien chiem khoang 82%o Bien dong dat dai d niidc ta giai doan tii 1990 de'n 2008 diide the hien d Bang Bdng Tinh hinh bien dpng dat dai giai doan 1990 - 2008 Ddn vi tinh 1000 - ha; % ^^"^.^^ Loai dat Nam 2000 2003 2008 33.163,3 32.294,1 32.931,4 33.115,0 ^"^^ ^.^^ T(ings6(1000ha) SA'28 (9+10/2009) 1990 QUAN LY KINH T^ NGHIEN ClilJ - TRAO DOI N A N G LLTC NOI SINH • NHAN TO T H U G DAY PHAT T R I S N B E N Vl>JG TRONG GIAI DOAN MOI I Nong nghiep Cay hang nam % Cay lau nam % 6.993,2 76,3 15 9.345,3 65,6 23,3 9.531,8 62,5 24,3 9.420,3 67 33 II Lam nghiep Rirng tu nhien % 9.345,2 92,8 11.575,4 87,4 12.402,2 82,4 14.816,6 III Chuyen diing Xay dung % Giao thong % Thuy igi % 972,2 9,4 23,8 35,0 1.532,8 8,3 28,6 36,3 1.669,6 9,7 28,8 34,9 1.553.7 IV Dai d 817,8 443,2 460,4 620,4 14.924,9 10.027,3 8.867,4 4.732,1 V Chua sir dung Ngudn: Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien Nong thon va T6ng cue Thong ke Bien dong tai nguyen dat nhiing nam qua the hien ro viee khai hoang md rong them dien tich dat nong, lam nghiep diing vao san xuat kinh doanh, tao viee lam, nang cao thu nhap Tii 1990 de'n 2008 dat san xuat nong nghiep da tang 34.7%; dang quan tam la dat cay lau nam tang gap gan Ian (tii 15%) len chiem 33%) quy dat ndng nghiep) Tiidng tii, dien tich dat lam nghiep ciing tang 57,7%; dien tich riing mdi da tii 7,2% len tren 17% dien tich dat riing Phan dang ke dat dai da diidc chuyen dich sang dat chuyen diing; do, gan 2/3 diidc sii dung vac giao thong thuy Idi B4ng nhiing giai phap tich eiic khai khan, diia dat hoang hoa vao sii dung hoat dong kinh te'xa hoi, dien tich dat chiia sii dung da tii 14.924,9 nghin nam 2008 giam xuo'ng 4.732, nghin ha, dong nghia vdi quy dat chUa khai thae sii dung d niidc ta khong eon nhieu 3.3 Nguon liCc Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Td nhiing chii triidng dao tao, xay diing doi ngii can bp va xay diing ed sd vat chat khoa hoe va cong nghe ea niidc dang thiic hien nhiing cuoc khang chie'n ciiu niidc; thiie hien nhiing ehu triidng chinh sach doi mdi lien quan de'n giao due dao tao va xay diing tiem liic khoa hoc va cong nghe Doi ngii can bo lam khoa hoc va cong nghe d niide ta dii phat trien nhanh ca ve so liidng va trinh do; dau tii cho khoa hoc cong nghe khong ngiing gia tang, da tao diidc nhiing cd sd vat chat quan trcng cho nghien ciiu va doi mdi cong nghe tai cac triidng dai hoc, cd quan nghien ciiu va nhieu doanh nghiep Hoat dong khoa hoc va cong nghe da co nhiing dong gop thie't thiic cho phat trien kinh te xa hoi Liie lu'dng khoa hoc xa hoi da hinh doi ngu dong gop tich ciic vao phat trien tii ly luan; cung cap luan cii cho viee hoaeh dinh diidng Idi chii triidng, chinh sach; tong ket thiic tien gop phan quan trong phat tnen tii kinh te thi triidng triidc nhiing bien dong cua tinh hinh kinh te xa hoi mang tinh toan cau Doi ngii nhiing nha khoa hoc tii nhien va cong nghe da ehuan bi dii siic dl vao nghien ciiu phat trien cong nghe va sii dung hdp ly tai nguyen thien nhien, bao ve moi truldng; da c6 nhieu cong trinh nghien ciiu phii hpp vdi dae thii dat nu'de dUdc ap dung rong rai san xuat cong nghiep, nong nghiep Qua do, nang liic cong nghe quoc gia da c6 kha nang liia chpn thich nghi va lam chii diidc nhieu cong nghe, tiep can diidc trinh dp khu viic nhiing linh viic quan trpng ve thong tin truyen thong, y hpc, cong nghe sinh hpc, cong nghe thong tm Cimg vdi cO sd vat chat diidc xay diing, tiem liic khoa hpc cong nghe da diidc nang QUAN LY KINH T£ sa 28 (9+10/2009) NANG LUC NOI SINH NHAN TO THUC DAY PHAT TRIEN BEN VUNG TRONG GIAI DOAN MOI cac tiing biidc thong qua dpi ngii nhan liie diidc dao tao va viee tuyen truyen md rpng kien thiic khoa hpc va cong nghe thong qua eae phiidng tien de de'n tdi mpi tang Idp dan cii Khoa hpe va cong nghe ciing vdi giao due dao tao da gop phan quan trpng vao nang cao trinh dp dan tri, du'a so' lao dpng dOdc dao tao eo trinh dp tii eao dang trd len dat 2,8 trieu vao nam 2008 3.4 Nguon lUc tdi chinh Thiic hien chii triidng Doi mdi, ehinh saeh NGHIEN Cinj - TRAO DOI nrji khuyen khich dau tii dae biet luat Dau tii va Luat Doanh nghiep siia doi co hieu ldc, nguon vo'n du'dc hu>' dpng che dau tii phat trien kinh te - xa hpi da khong ngiing gia tang, dat miic 41,3%) GDP vao nam 2008 Dang lUu y la nguon vo'n niidc tang nhanh va chiem phan Idn tong von dau tii Tong von dau tii xa hpi va cd can von dau tii eiia eae phan kinh te diide the hien d Bang Bdng Tong dau tu xa hpi va co cau von cua cac thiinh phiin kinh te giai doan 2000-2008 Ddn vi tinh: Nghin ty dong; % 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 Tong so 109 D 151,2 343,1 404,7 532,1 610,9 %So vOi GDP 34,2 40,9 41,5 46,5 41,3 Nha nuoc % 59,1 47,1 45.7 37,2 28,6 Ngoai Nha niroc % 22.9 38,0 38,1 38,5 40,0 Nuoc ngoai % 18,0 14.9 16,2 24,3 31,4 ^^^^ Nam Thanh phan^^^^^ Ngudn: Tong cue Thong kc 2009 Phan tich tinh hinh von dau tii ea giai doan eho thay, so vdi tong thu nhap quoc dan (GDP), miic huy dpng von dau tii vao phat trien kinh te xa hpi niidc ta lien tue gia tang vdi nnie dat diide kha cao tii 34,2%) GDP nam 2000 len 40,9% GDP nam 2005; nam 2007 co miic cao nha't tdi 46,5%) GDP Trong cd cau dau tii ciia cac phan kinh te, ty trpng vo'n dau tii ciia nha niide dii lien tue giam; ngiidc lai khu viic ngoai nha niide da gia tang nhanh, de'n nam 2008 da ehie'm tren 40";) viidt xa khu viic kinh te nhii niii'ie Xu the bien dpng cd cau dau tii vdi sii gia tang eiia nguon von huy dpng niide, nliiil la d khu viic kinh te ngoai nha niide da gop phan thiic day san xuat, nang eao hieu qua kinh doanh; tao thuan Idi de tap trung 5628(9+10/2009) vao nhiing muc tieu phat trien nong nghiep Vii kmh te nong thon, xay diing cd sd tang, xoa doi giam ngheo va nang cao chat liidng nguon nhan liie (CIEM 2009) 3.5 Thi tritdng noi dia Vdi dan so'tren 86 trieu ngu'di,Viet Nam diidc danh gia la thi triidng rpng Idn va giau tiem nang Trong giai doan tii 1999 de'n 2006 miie thu nhap binh quan dSu ngiidi d Viet Nam tang 2.16 Ian: tiidng iing miie ehi tieu binh quan dau ngiidi ciing tang 2,08 Ian (CIEM 2009) Cimg vdi phat tnen kinh te xa hpi, nhu cau tieu dung se den giai doan biiiig no giiip thi triidng niide ed nhieu ed hpi md mang Phan tich boat dpng kinh doanh hang hoa va dich vu tieu dimg ea niide nhiing nam tii 2000 den 2008 eho thay, tong miie ban le hang hoa va doanh thu dich vu QUAN LY KINH TE NGHIEN ClAJ - TRAO DOI NANG mC NOI SINH • NHAN TO THUC DAY PHAT TRIEN BEN VliNG TRONG GIAI DOAN MOI ban it hang hoa va doanh thu dich vu tieu dung difdc the hien Bang da tang len nhanh chong, nam 2005 cao gap 2,2 \kn nam 2000 va chi nam sau, nam 2008 da gap tren Ian nam 2005 Tong miic Bdng Tdng mire ban le hang hoa va dich vu tieu diing giai doan 2000 - 0 Ddn vi tinh Ngh in ty dong; % 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 220,4 480,3 596,2 745,7 977,2 Kinh te Nha nir6c% 17,8 12,9 12,7 10,7 9,8 Kinh te ngoai Nhii nir6c% 80,6 83,3 83.6 85,6 86,8 1,6 3.8 3.7 3,7 3,4 ^^•~~^^^^ Co cau Nam ^"~~^^,^^^ Tong mirc 109 Dau tu nuoc ngoai% Nguon: Tdng cue Thong ke 2009 So' lieu tai bang cho thay sii thay doi dang ke cua tdng miic ban le, doanh thu dich vu va cd cau liiu chuyen hang hoa cua cac phan kinh te tham gia thi triidng Trong do, ty trpng tham gia cua kinh te nha niidc giam dang ke: kinh te ngoai nha nUde len tue gia tang, chiem phan Idn tong miic liiu chuyen Rieng phan kinh te eo vo'n dau tii niide ngoai dang d miic khiem ton, dao dpng khoang tren 3,5%o Gan day, anh hiidng ciia khiing hoang tai chinh va suy thoai kinh te toan cau, thi triidng xuat khau siit giam, khai thae thi triidng npi dia dUde quan tam thiie day Che dii eon nhiing kho khan, song tong miic ban le hang hoa va dich vu tieu dimg thang d^u nam 2009 van gia tang tren 20% so vdi cimg ky nam triidc (CIEiM2009) Mot so han che khai thae, s\X dung nguon liic noi sinh Trong 1/4 the ky thiic hien cong cupc doi mdi nguon liie niidc diidc quan tam khai thae, sii dung da gop phan quan trpng vao tao nguon vo'n phat trien quo'c gia Tuy nhien da c6 khong it thie'u sot, bat cap thiic hien chii triidng, chinh sach va bien phap nham phat huy npi liic, the hien d cac diem sau dav: - Mot Id, viee khai thae sii dung ngucn liic ngiidi dang the hien nhieu bat cap ea hien tai va ca viee ehuan bi lau dai cho qua t r i n h hien dai hoa dat niidc Tinh trang ehung d mpi viing, mien la chiia sii dung tot liic liipng lao dpng; that nghiep nhieu tai khu viic thi va thieu viee lam van la hien tiidng bien d nhieu viing nong thon Chuyen dich cd cau lac dpng theo hiidng cong nghiep va dich vu la ctoi hdi cap bach de nang cao trinh dp ciia nen kinh te; song cd cau kinh te chifa chuyen ddi to't theo hiidng thu hiit nhieu lao dpng nong thon nen cong viec dang diln cham chap Cho den nay, khoang 70% liic liidng lao dpng nong thon va tren 52% lao dpng xa hpi lam viec tinh trang thuan nong (CIEM 2009) Dieu dang lo ngai la, qua trinh chuyen ddi, viee khong quan ly va dieu chinh diidc chuyen dich lao dpng, khien tinh trang mat can ddi ve trinh dp cua liic liipng lao dpng cang tram trpng Viet Nam dang dH thiia lao dpng gian ddn, khong c6 tay nghe; nhiing lai thieu rat nhieu lao dpng ky thuat, dae biet la cong nhan lanh nghe Khiing hoang tai chinh toan cSu da anh hiidng bat Ipi de'n nhieu hoat dpng kinh te ; OUAN LY KINH TE So 28 (9+10/2009) NANG LLTC NOI SINH • N H A N T O THUC DAY P H A T T R I S N B E N VUMG TRONG GIAI DOAN MOI thi triidng lao dpng da phai g a n h chiu n h i i n g h a u q u a n a n g ne Cuo'i quy 1/2009, Bp Lao dpng T h u d n g b i n h va Xa hpi dii bao k h o a n g 1,2 de'n 1,5 t r i e u viee lam eo the bi a n h hiidng H a u q u a cat giam n h a n cong tai cac k h u viic cong nghiep va dich vu da day so' Idn lao dpng trd ve k h u viic nong thon, lam c h a m q u a t r i n h c h u y e n dich lao dpng, ddng thdi tao t h e m siie ep n a n g ne cho khu viic vo'n thie'u viee lam Tinh t r a n g m a t can doi ve ed cau lao dpng hien n a y t r a m t r p n g hdn he thong giao due dao tao d a n g n a n g t r e n n h e dudi Theo T r u n g t a m T h o n g tin va Dii bao Kinh te - xa hpi Quo'c gia (NCEIF), niidc ta hien co 300 cd sd day n g h e (moi n a m dao tao dupe tii 85 n g h i n den 90 nghin lao dpng), 345 triidng dai hpc cac d a n g va 273 triidng t r u n g hpc c h u y e n nghiep He thong dao tao hien d a n g c u n g cap cho d a t nufdc mot cd cau lao dpng vdi ty le dai hpc tren 0,8 t r u n g hpc Neu tiep tue dao tao theo hiidng nay, N C E I F e a n h bao, den n a m 2015, ca niidc se thieu tii 3,8 den 5,12 trieu cong n h a n ky t h u a t , thieu tii 3,14 trieu den 3,4 trieu t r u n g hpc c h u y e n nghiep va thiia tii 3,6 den 3,68 trieu dai hpc, cao d a n g Thiic te t r e n day ddi hoi p h a i co each n h i n toan dien va giai q u y e t ddng bp, gan giao due dao tao vdi n h u cau sii d u n g lao dpng can t h i e t mdi co t h e k h a c phuc diipe nhiing b a n ehe ve ed cau de p h a t huy diidc tiem liie eon ngiidi Viec diide nhieu n h a p h a n tich n h a n m a n h la xa hci hoa giao due da d a n g hoti loai h i n h dao tao cho phii hdp vdi nhu cau thi triidng, k h u y e n khich mpi hinh thiic hpp tac dao tao giiia n h a nUdc Vii tii n h a n , nha't la hdp tac giiia eae cd sd dao tao vdi d o a n h nghiep De lam n a n g dpng hdn thj triidng lao dpng, can t a n g vo'n dau tii tao viec him, md r p n g x u a t k h a u lao dpng va cd chinh sach hiiu hieu de t h u hiit lao dpng tri tue, lao dpng da qua dao tao den lam viee d n h i i n g viing c h a m p h a t trien - Hai Id, ngudn liie tai n g u y e n ehiia diidc s a d u n g v;i kiiai thiie mot each hdp ly SA 28 (9+10/2009) NGHIEN euu - TRAO 001 ^ J j ^ So vdi cac niidc t r e n t h e gidi va t r d n g k h u vpc d a t dai nude ta vao loai t h a p b i n h q u a n d a u ngiidi chi eo k h o a n g 0 m d a t tii n h i e n va chiing 1000 m2 d a t nong n g h i e p , t r o n g d a t chiia sii d u n g chl eon k h o a n g 14%), k h o co dieu kien de md m a n g k h a i t h a e t h e m dat e a n h tac Mac dii tai n g u y e n d a t k h c n g n h i e u n h i i n g viec v a n d u n g quy hoaeh sii d u n g t r e n n h i e u dia b a n t r o n g p h a m vi ea niidc chiia phil hdp n e n viec sii d u n g sai muc dich va l a n g p h i da dien r a n g h i e m trpng Viec t h u hdi d a t liia, d a t n o n g nghiep phi n h i e u eo dieu kien e a n h tac tot t h a n h d a t cong n g h i e p va t h i dien r a t r a n Ian vdi miic b i n h q u a n h a n g n a m t r e n 70 n g h i n ve lau dai se day s a n x u a t nong nghiep va xa hpi nong thon van tinh t r a n g kho k h a n D a t nong nghiep nhin e h u n g du'dc giae binh q u a n p h a n t a n , m a n h miin; kho h i n h t h a n h viing s a n x u a t h a n g hoa Idn va n a n g eao hieu qua sii d u n g Mae du n h i e u tien bp k h o a hpe da diide ap dung, song den binh q u a n gui tri tiio eiia d a t nong n g h i e p mdi dai tii 1.200 den 1.500 USD t h a p t h u a liiing ehue Ian nhiing niide p h a t trien t r o n g khu vUe Cimg vdi tai n g u y e n dat, viee k h a i t h a e va sii d u n g n h i i n g ngudn tai nguyen t h i e n n h i e n k h a c nhii riing bien, k h o a n g san, vat lieu xay diing eiing dien kha Ion xpn gay hing phi t h a t thoat can kiet ngudn liic da a n h hiidng n g h i e m t r o n g den moi triidng thien n h i e n va xa hpi thiic hien ehiidng trinli thien nien ky p h a t t r i e n ben viing quoc gia N h a m k h i c p h u e n h i i n g h a n ehe sii d u n g tai n g u y e n t h i e n nhien; can ddi mdi cong tac tac quy hoaeh dae biet t r o n g sii d u n g d a t dai can chii y quy hoaeh eiing doi v6i d a t d i m g vao xay diing ed sd tiing, phcit t r i e n ccng n g h i e p dich vu va cac cong t r i n h v a n hoa, phiie Idi xa hpi d nong thon Doi vdi d a t dai, m a t niide sii d u n g lau dai eho san x u a t nong - lam - ngu' nghiep nen van d u n g quy hoaeh mem, timg t h e m thdi b a n giao sii d u n g ddng thdi vdi vice tliiic OUAN LY KINH TE CEH NGHIEN ClAJ - TRAO DOI NANG LL/C NOI SINH - NHAN TO THUC DAY PHAT TRISN BEN VCfNG TRONG GIAI DOAN MOI day chuyen ddi chuyen nhUpng Khong nen han ehe viec tich tu dat dai, thiic hien viec "ddn dien, ddi thiia" de khac phuc tinh trang manh miin, tao thuan Ipi cho san xuat nong san hang hoa 16n De lam viec can phat trien thi triidng bat dpng san thi triidng hoat dpng lanh manh se co nhieu kha nang bien dat dai tai san vo'n dau tii phat trien (CIEM 2009) - Ba Id, nhieu bat cap quye't dinh dau tii va sii d u n g nguon vo'n tai chinh Tinh trang ddu tii va sii dung vo'n nen kinh te nhin ehung kem hieu qua viee khai thae siic manh tai ehinh quoc gia nhieu bat hdp ly, mot liidng vo'n rat Idn trdng dan bi il dpng liiu thong Dae biet nguon vo'n dau tii phat trien tii ngan saeh nha niidc phan tan dan trai, that thoat gay thiet hai kin eho nha niide va xa hpi Phan tich quan he giiia vo'n ddu tii va tich luy tai san giai doan tii 1995 den 2007, CO the thay miic chenh lech giiia von bd va tich luy tai tiii san dia dien theo chieu hiidng bat Idi, nam sau cao hdn nam triidc (nam 1995 sii khac biet d miic 17,7%o, nam 2000 len 27,5%), den nam 2005 la 33% va nam 2007 da viidt qua 35%)) Xem xet hieu qua tii tong sd tien dau tii bd nam ciia giai doan 2000 - 2007, mot so' nghien ciiu ehi rang, de tang ddn vi GDP, nen kmh te niidc ta da phai mat 5,2 ddn vi dau tU, vdi hieu qua vao loai thap nha't the gidi Co mot nghich ly didn la kinh te ngoai nha niide chi mat 3,2 ddn vi thi kinh te nha niide dii phai bo 7,8 ddn vi (Nguyen Quang A 2009) Tinh trang sii dung thieu hieu qua ngudn liie vo'n tai ehinh eo nguyen nhan he thdng luat phap thieu tho'ng nha't, thie'u dong bp, thu tue hanh chinh riidm song quan trpng la hieu liic thiic thi phap luat chiia cao nen ngudn vo'n Idn tii ngan saeh va tin dung nha niide ehiia thu hiit diide Cfic nguon vo'n khac de hinh ed cau J QUAN LY KINH TE dau tu hdp ly de thiic day chuyen dich cd cau kmh te (CIEM, 2009) De khac phuc nhiing han che trcng sii dung nguon liic vo'n tai chinh can lay hieu qua sii dung vo'n dau tii lam tieu chi chii yeu de liia chpn phiidng an va quyet dinh dau tii: phai chpn Ipc chiidng trinh dii an de bo tri von dau tU tap trung co trpng diem Can ddi mdi viec sii dung vo'n nha niidc theo hiidng dung lam "von mdi" de huy dpng diidc cac ngudn vo'n xa hpi ciing dau tii Dieu quan trpng la thiic hien hieu qua ehinh sach tai chinh quo'c gia de tang ngudn vo'n cua ca xa hpi va nha niidc eho dau tii bao dam muc tieu tang triidng Theo can day manh phat trien thi triidng vo'n hiidng thi triidng chiing khoan vao huy dpng von dau tii eho phat trien: khuyen khich ap dung cac hinh thiic dau tu BOT, BT BTO vdi sU tham gia rpng rai ciia mpi t h a n h phan kinh te - Boh la, ngudn liie khoa hpc va cong nghe chiia dupe sii dung co hieu qua, chiia thiie sii trd dpng liie manh me de thiic day kmh te phat trien Cho den nhin ehung trinh dp khoa hpe va cong nghe nUdc ta thap, khoang each so vdi cac niidc khu viic chUa dupe nit ngan Dpi ngii tri thUe linh viic khoa hpc cong nghe eon han che ve trinh dp va kha nang sang tao cong nghe; thieu cac nha khoa hpe gidi va nhiing chuyen gia ddu nganh Hang nam, ty le cong trinh dUde dang tren cac tap chi qudc te ciia cac nha khoa hpc thap hdn Ian Indonexia, 5,5 Ian Thai Lan 12,5 Ian Smgapor va 38.5 lan Dai Loan Nhin tdng the tinh chuyen nghiep cua dpi ngii ky thuat eon nhieu han ehe; hau het cac chUdng trinh dad tao dai hpe deu dupe ihiet ke theo hudng chuyen mon hep Ngoai nhung kie'n thiic chuyen mon dUde dao tao, kien thiic bd sung ve quan ly tai chinh ke toan, phap luat it diide quan tam Co le vi ly sd dong ky sU mdi vao nghe gap nhieu kho khan, lung tiing va mat nhieu thdi gian de bd sung kien thiie mdi dap Ung dupe nhu cau cong viec (Le Thanh Y, 2008) 56 28(9+10/2009) NANG LL/C NPI SINH - NHAN TO THUC DAY PHAT TRI^N B^N VLTNG TRONG GIAI DOAN MOI Tii thiic tien dien nhieu nam boat dpng khoa hpc va cong nghe chUa thiic sii gan ket hiiu cd vdi nhu eau va eae hoat dpng kinh te - xa hpi; giiia khoa hpc tii nhien, khoa hpc ky thuat va khoa hpe xa hpi thieu sii lien ket chat ehe; tiem liic khoa hpc va cong nghe chUa dap Ung dUdc nhu cau phat trien dat nUdc Do anh hudng cua ed che quan ly bao cap de lai, cong tac quan ly ehUa phat buy tot kha nang sang tao cua eae to chUe va dpi ngii can bp khoa hpe va cong nghe Dau tU cho khoa hpc cong nghe thap so vdi eae nUde khu viic va tren the gidi Do nguon dau tU cho KH&CN chu yeu tU vo'n ngan saeh nha nUde, vo'n doanh nghiep eon qua nhd be Vdi nhiing rao can eiia ed che quan ly tai ehinh hien hanh, boat dpng nghien eUu eon nang tinh binh quan theo ddu de tai, ehUa that gan vdi nhu cau dich thiic va tinh chat quan trpng, hiiu ich doi vdi phat trien kinh te - xa hpi Co the vi ly nay, thi trUdng khoa hpe va cong nghe cham phat trien, san pham nghien eUu tao ehiia co thi trUdng, ehUa diide eoi la hang hoa trao doi theo quy kuit cung - eau (CIEM, 2009) De khac phuc nhUng tdn tai hoat dpng khoa hpe vii cong nghe, can phai tiep tue ddi mdi cd che quan ly khca hpc va cong nghe theo hiidng nang cao hdn nfla quyen tu chii, tii chiu traeh nhiem eho eae to ehUe va nhiing nha nghien cUu; gan nghien eUu KH&CN vdi san xuat kinh doanh, vdi nhu eau thiic tien ddi sd'ng kinh te - xa hpi Nha niidc can tang them ddu tii cho KHCN va quan trpng la eo ehinh saeh da dang hoa cac ngudn vo'n; khuyen khich doanh nghiep thupc mpi phan kinh te dau tU manh !iie vao nghien cUu iing dung, doi mdi cong nghe va phat trien thi trUdng KH&CN - Ndm Id, ehiia danh gia dung va khai thae hdp ly thi triidng npi dia Dupe danh gia la nhieu tiem nang song thi trUdng npi dja ehiia dupe khai thae hoae khai thae chiia hpp ly Nhieu san pham hang boa cdn tdn tai nhieu cap trung $6 28(9+10/2009) NGHIEN Ciiu - TRAO DOI gian, the hien tinh thieu chuyen nghiep cua nganh thiidng mai dich vu ngUdi tieu dung nUde phai mua hang hoa vdi gia cao va chat lUdng khdng dam bao Dieu dang quan ngai la nhieu nam qua, khong it doanh nghiep chay theo thj trUdng xuat khdu da buong Idi thi trUdng trdng nUdc, thi trUdng nhieu ndi nha't la d vung sau, vung xa hi bd ngd mac cho hang kem chat lupng hang nhap lau phat trien tran lan Viee thiie hien nhUng goi kich eau eua Chinh phu thdi gian gdn day da lam thi trUdng nUdc soi dpng hdn, song ngudn vo'n kich cdu chUa thiie sU tac dpng manh va lan toa rpng nen viee tieu thu hang hoa vdn eon cham (NC EIF, 2009) Vdi sUe hap dan cua thj trUdng npi dja Viet Nam, nhieu doanh nghiep nUdc ngoai va tap doan xuyen quo'c gia dang rat quan tam khai thae, neu khong kjp thdi nang cac nang lUe eanh tranh thi nhieu cac doanh nghiep va nganh hang Viet Nam rat de bj thua tai san nha De md mang phat trien thj triidng npi dja, cdn hiidng dan doanh nghiep md rpng mang liidi buon ban, giao dich den mpi thj trUdng nha't la thj trUdng d vung sau, viing xa; ca ban buon va ban le, hinh nhUng trung tam thiidng mai - djch vu, cac chd dau moi, tram trung chuyen hang hoa tU thj ve nong thon Xiie tien thiidng mai la boat dpng can dUdc tang eUdng de thiic day phat trien thj trUdng tieu dung nUdc; phat huy Idi the cua eae doanh nghiep nUde qua tUng mat hang, tao niem tm va nha't la thoi quen dung hang npi dja eho ngUdi tieu dung Dieu quan trpng theo cac chuyen gia la phai scat lai moi quan he giUa thj trUdng npi dja va thi trUdng xuat khdu de hiidng dan, dieu chinh viee tieu thu tiing loai san pham; khuyen khich sii tham gia eiia mpi phan kinh te vao nhiing hoat dpng thUdng mai niidc; lien ket, hinh eae hiep hpi de nang cao chat lupng san pham va nang liic eanh tranh nganh hang (CIEM, 2009) OUAN LY KINH Tl NGHIEN ClAJ - TRAO DOI NANG LLTC NOI SINH - NHAN TO THUC DAY PHAT T R | N BEN VLTNG TRONG GIAI DOAN MOI T h a y c h o lofi k e t Tii thiie t r a n g va n h i i n g v a n de d a t r a t r o n g k h a i t h a e n a n g liic npi s m h , de p h a t h u y cao n h a t npi liie, v a n de bao t r i i m la ddi mdi npi d u n g phUdng p h a p quy h o a e h ke hoaeh, h u d n g vao d a m bao can doi giiia muc tieu d a t r a va dieu k i e n thiic h i e n , viia giii viing d i n h hiidng viia t h i c h iing n h a r i h theo sii bien dpng cua cd che t h i trUdng On d i n h k i n h te vi mo tao moi trUdng k i n h d o a n h m m h bach, b i n h d a n g va t h o n g t h o a n g la dieu kien can t h i e t de khdi day t i e m n a n g s a n xua't k i n h d o a n h cua cac loai h i n h d o a n h n g h i e p t h u p c mpi t h a n h p h a n k i n h te day e u n g la tien de q u a n trpng de p h a t huy npi lUc De t h u e ddy d o a n h n g h i e p vUdn len l a m td't h o a t dpng san x u a t k i n h d o a n h viee h o a n thien phajj l u a t lien q u a n den thj trUdng va the ehe k h u y e n k h i c h e a n h t r a n h , doi hdi p h a i sdm h o a n t h i e n eae c h i n h saeh lien q u a n den b o a t dpng k i n h d o a n h n h a m d a m b a o eho cac d o a n h nghiep, k h o n g p h a n biet loai h i n h sd hUu, deu dupe tiep can b i n h d a n g vdi cac n g u d n Iiic de p h a t t r i e n Boi eanh mdi d a n g d a t r a eho d a t niidc n h i i n g yeu cau mdi, dong thdi e u n g tad cd hpi tai cau t n i c toan dien n e n k i n h te de p h a t h u y cao n h a t nhUng n g u d n npi lUc, k e t hdp npi liic vdi ngoai liic mot each hpp ly n h a m vao p h a t t r i e n b e n viing quo'c gia OUAN LY KINH ^i TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • Chinh phu CHXHCN Viet Nam, Dinh hudng chie'n lUpc phdt trien ben vUng a Viet Nam, Ha Noi, thang nam 2004 • Dang Cong san Viet Nam ( DCSVN), Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi bieu todn qudc VIII, IX, X, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Noi 1996, 2001, 2006 • Le Thanh Y, Ndng cao ndng liCc dgi ngu ky sU chuyen nghiep bdi cdnh hdi nhap, Tap chi Thong tm&Du bao Kinh te - Xa hoi so 9/2008 • Nguyin Tan Diing Phdt huy sdc mgnh tdng hdp, no lite phdn ddu ngan chgn suy giam kinh te, tri tdng trUdng vd bdo dam an sinh xd hdi Vietnamnet.vn 02/01/2009 • Nguyen Quang A, Dia vi vd vai tro ciia cdc tap dodn kinh te nhd nUdc, Ha Noi, thang 6/2009 • Nguyen Hutu Thang, Phdt huy ndng lite noi sinh cho phdt trien ben vUng d Viet Nam, Tap chl Cong san so'2 nam 2008 • Trung tam Thong tin va Du bao KT-XH Quo'c gia (NCEIF ), Tinh hinh kinh te xd hoi thdng ddu ndm vd dit bdo thdng audi ndm 2009, Ha Noi 7/2009 • Vien Nghien ciiu Quan ly Kinh te Trung lidng (CIEM), Phdt huy ndi lUc, coi trgng thi trUdng noi dia gdn vdi tranh thii hgp ly, sd dung hieu qud ngogi lUc de phdt trien ddt nUdc, Ha Noi, thang 8/2009 5(28(9+10/2009) ... vdi ciing ky 2008 giai QUAN LY KINH T^ vim NGHIEN cut) - TRAO DOI NANG LLfC NOI SINH • NHAN TO THUC BAY PHAT TRlgN BSN VUMG TRONG GIAI DOAN MOI doan nay, san pham nong - l a m - thuy san la nhiing... hdp de phdt tried ddt nitdc nhanh vd ben vdng " (Dang CSVN 2006) So 28 (9+10/2009) NANG Lire NOI SINH - NHAN TO THUG DAY PHAT TRIEN B£N VUMG TRONG GIAI DOAN MOI Cu the hoa chii triidng cua Dang,... Bien dong dat dai d niidc ta giai doan tii 1990 de''n 2008 diide the hien d Bang Bdng Tinh hinh bien dpng dat dai giai doan 1990 - 2008 Ddn vi tinh 1000 - ha; % ^ ^"^ .^^ Loai dat Nam 2000 2003