THESIS PROPOSAL THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY LE MINH THANH EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHODS ON EFFLUENT PARAMETERS IN BIEN HOA I INDUSTRIAL ZONE Major EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT MASTER’S THESIS HOCHIMINH CITY, 2018 http www ulg ac be http www ulg ac be 9 INTRODUCTION 1 The reason for choosing the t.
THE JOINT ACADEMIC PROGRAM OF EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT BETWEEN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HOCHIMINH CITY AND LIÈGE UNIVERSITY LE MINH THANH EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHODS ON EFFLUENT PARAMETERS IN BIEN HOA I INDUSTRIAL ZONE Major: EXECUTIVE MASTER IN SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT MASTER’S THESIS HOCHIMINH CITY, 2018 INTRODUCTION The reason for choosing the topic The river basin is the geographic area in which all water sources (surface water, groundwater, rainfall, etc…) flow naturally to rivers or streams, which are limited by dividing lines Therefore, the river basin is an important part, directly affecting surface water The river basin acts as a gateway to the waterways, so that objects from the basin as well as neighboring areas can flow into the river That is why the watershed can have a detrimental effect on the ecosystem, just like human activities such as industrial waste and residential waste A particular, Bien Hoa Industrial Zone is located in the Dong Nai river basin This is one of the industrial parks formed very early in 1963, with a total area of about 335 hectares The location of the industrial zone is adjacent to the Cai River, a branch of the Dong Nai River If pollution control of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone is not sufficient, this will directly affect the quality of the environment and the ecosystem area in Dong Nai river basin Bien Hoa I Industrial Park is adjacent to An Binh Residential Area, Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone which has a great influence on socio-economic development in the locality The combination of risks from residential areas and industrial zones makes the environmental quality of this area is likely to decline dramatically In addition, because of this industrial park has been formed for a long time, so far production technology has been downgraded and backward is one of the risks are alarming Although the infrastructure has been upgraded several times for this project There have been years, this area has been a source of alarm for the environmental water pollution that is at risk from industrial activity Some experts said that to solve pollution in the Dong Nai river basin, especially in the Cai river basin, the pollutants must be monitored more tightly Therefore, it is necessary to have timely research, not to continue the untreated wastewater discharge, directly into the environment as existing in some areas, need to take measures to check and handle Industrial zone polluting water sources The research on "Examination of the effects of wastewater treatment methods in Bien Hoa I industrial zone" is needed to support pollution control and environmental quality management at Dong Nai river basin, due to activities of Bien Hoa I industrial park Objectives of the study Assessment of waste water status in Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone through monitoring indicators Forecast trend of pollutant load in waste water in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I Proposing solutions to control and minimize pollution of wastewater treatment in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I Object and scope of the study 3.1 Object Wastewater norms of Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone Load of industrial waste discharge 3.2 Scope Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone The methodology Collect information, data Comparison with standard and status Statistics, calculate the load parameters The meaning of the topic 5.1 Scientific meaning 10 The results of the study show the ecological environment of the river basin, supplementing the literature at home and abroad for other studies Data citation as well as references help preserve statistics for reference works on river ecosystem ecology, as well as topics related to forecasting load trends contamination at the industrial park 5.2 Practical meaning Research can be applied to support the management of Bien Hoa I Industrial Park as well as other industrial parks that are old or relocated Contribute to the scientific basis and practicality of the planning plans in the case of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I must switch functions 11 CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH 1.1 Water pollution The term water pollution has been used differently in various Indian Acts Some described it as “nuisance”, while others as negligence “Fouling” of water was also the way of describing as “poisoning” of water Some acts described as rendering water less “fit” or “not fit” for consumption by human beings and animals Interference with or alteration in flow of water to carry away rubbish or causing water to be corrupted in any waterway so as to endanger, damage or render it less useful, was another mode of explaining the term water pollution Before the enactment of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, almost all the statutes, stressed upon the mode of causing pollution rather than explaining pollution„ itself In a simple sense, water pollution is adding of any substance to water or the changing of water„s physical and chemical characteristics in any way which interferes with its use for legitimate purposes Water is colourless and transparent substance The polluted water means such water which contains foreign substances in it, which alters physical, chemical or biological properties of water rendering it unfit for use [14] According to the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, water pollution means such contamination of water or such alteration of the physical, chemical or biological properties of water or such discharge of any sewage or trade effluent or of any other liquid, gaseous or solid substance into water (whether directly or indirectly) as may or is likely to, create a nuisance or render such water harmful or injurious to public health or safety or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural or other legitimate uses, or the life and health of animals or plants or of aquatic organisms [24] The total amount of water on the earth is about 1.35 billion cubic kilometres (3.5x1020 gallons) Over 97 percent of this quantity is in the oceans as salt water 12 The earth„s fresh water amounts to only 37 million cubic kilometres of which 80 percent occurs in polar ice caps and glaciers The water we use comes from 50 cubic kilometres per day run off in the rivers, streams and lakes and 70 cubic kilometres per day flow through underground reservoirs This supply has been constant over tens of thousands of years Only the demand has shown a steep increase over the last century Due to this increase, in India the average annual availability of water per capita has declined from 5236 cubic meters in 1951 to only 2227 cubic meters in 1991 As per estimates, this will further decline to only 1555 cubic meters by the year 2013 The population of India, which is now more than one billion, is expected to reach a figure between 1.5 billion and 1.8 billion in the year 2050 There shall then be a requirement of 2788 billion cubic metres of water annually in India to be above water stress zone and 1650 billion cubic metres to avoid being water scarce country [13] There are hundreds, perhaps thousands of pollutants whose effects are of actual and potential concern Their numbers increase annually as new compounds and formulations are synthesized [18] Several attempts have been made to group water pollutants into classes or categories Pollutants have been classified according to their mode of occurrence into physical, chemical and biological pollutants [22] Table 1.1 Classification of water pollutants [22] Occurrence Physical Nature Temperature Turbidity Examples Waste neat from industry 13 Colour Suspended Dyes and pigments and Silt, sand, metal pieces, rubber, wood chpis, floating matter Inorganic paper, foam, scum, carcasses, sewage Nitrites, phosphates, chlorides, fluorides, salts etc Chemical Organic Detergents, tar, plastic, pesticides Pathogenic Bacteria, virus, nematodes, worms, protozoans Biological Nuisance organisms Slime, mollusc, algae, Ascellus, nematodes 1.1.1 Causes of water pollution Rapid industrialization is a major cause of water pollution Immediately after the independence of Vietnam, major steps were taken in our country in its stride for development in order to give its economy a big push Industrialization was then considered the most important factor that can put the country in the path of progress But to our utter surprise industrialization along with development brought with it a danger to the human civilization- the problem of environmental pollution Alongside with industrialization, population dynamics changed with a steep increase in density population and the intense development of big cities which gave 14 rise to increased domestic pollution and also increased agricultural pollution as food production had to match the raising needs of the population 1.1.2 Sources of water pollution The sources of water pollution are innumerable Major sources can be found in practically every variety of industrial, municipal and agricultural operations Industrial waste or trade effluent includes any liquid or solid substance, which is discharged from any premises used for carrying on any industry, operation or process or treatment and disposal system other than the domestic sewage It is a common practice that a large number of industries, which are located on the banks of rivers, discharge their effluent into the river and thus pollute the river water Industrial effluents contain, inter alia, mercury, lead, cadmium and copper etc., which are harmful to the aquatic animals 1.1.3 Effects of water pollutant Justice V.R Krishna Iyer once remarked that, ―the unconscionable industrialisation, the unpardonable deforestation and the inhuman extermination of living species betray an exploitative brutality and anti-social appetite for profit and pleasure which is incompatible with humanism and conservationism Today a bath in Yamuna and Ganga is a sin against bodily health, not a salvation for the soul, so polluted and noxious are these holy waters now [29] When our population was limited, water supplies seemed endlessly renewable We could then afford to foul one water source, abandon it, and move on to another This, however, is no longer possible since the exponential growth rates of human population have already reduced the availability of water to below its per capita availability Consequently, any further expansion of human activity will depend not only on how well we are able to prevent the loss and contamination of the available water resources, but also how sustainably we use what we have Polluted water also 15 poses a serious health hazard to communities living nearby, and which depend on that source for most of their activities Water pollution can cause both immediate and long-term health effects Acute effects occur within hours or days of the time that a person consumes a contaminant [30] People can suffer acute health effects from almost any contaminant if these are exposed to extraordinarily high levels In drinking water, microbes such as bacteria and viruses are the contaminants with greatest chance of reaching levels high enough to cause acute health effects [27] Besides the potential hazard contamination of surface waters can pose to human health, a more direct and significatnt problem is the hazard they pose to aquatic ecosystems, including the risks to the ecosystemic services these ecosystems play for human societies (like e.g providing food through fisheries, recreational services, providing irrigation water for agriculture,…) We can thus say that pollution of water is a very serious issue and has grave implications for the human beings In fact, the very survival of human beings is dependent on availability of pollution free water with the passage of time, there has been a huge growth in the population levels and the same has led to industrialization, urbanisation etc thereby putting immense pressure on the available natural resources The increasing population has also results in demand for more food grains, which in turn has resulted in extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides This excessive use of pesticides, once a passage of time, along with industrialisation and urbanisation has led to increase in water pollution level We have to act and control this menace before it is too late 1.2 Overview of Status of industrial environment managementin the world and VietNam 1.2.1 On the world "Sustainable Development" was the goal of all mankind in the 21st century as the Global Environment Conference held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in June 1992 with 16 the participation of more than 170 heads of state In order to achieve the above objectives, many countries have to apply various integrated measures, including management, technology, economy, education and training, and environmental awareness in order to limit the harmful effects caused by socio-economic activities of people in general and of production and business in particular The problem of environmental pollution in manufacturing facilities is addressed and resolved in most developed countries (USA, Japan, Canada, UK, Singapore, Taiwan, Korea ) and some countries are developing (Thailand, India, Malaysia ) Many technological measures have been applied to reduce pollution such as: - Cleaner production solutions - Waste water treatment technology: mechanical, chemical, chemical, biochemical and biological methods - Waste gas treatment technology: dry methods (settling chamber, cyclone, sleeve filter, electrostatic filter, etc.), wet methods (absorption, oxidation reduction ) - Solid waste treatment technology: burying, cleaning, chemical, biological, reuse In addition to technological measures, many integrated solutions are also applied to reduce pollution at production facilities such as: - Use economic tools - Use of coercive measures - Use educational measures, raise environmental awareness - Use appropriate planning measures Use administrative measures (eg closure) or relocation of polluting facilities 17 Rainwater drainage: It is built separately from the sewage collection system The construction work of the rainwater sewers was conducted by Sonadezi Corporation in parallel with the construction of internal roads Waste water collection and treatment system: The sewage collection sewage was built and put into operation to collect all waste water of all enterprises in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I The majority of wastewater generated from enterprises in Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone is directed to the wastewater treatment plant in Bien Hoa II Industrial Zone, which has a capacity of 8000m3 / day and night In addition, some facilities have their own waste water treatment systems and are licensed for discharge directly in the river after their effluent is treated in their own water treatment plants, some of which have their own waste water treatment systems pending discharge and a very small fraction of facilities discharge their wastewaters directly to the environment without any treatment system 1.3.4.3 Labor in Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone According to a periodical report on the labor situation of the management board of industrial zones in Dong Nai province by 9/2015, the Bien Hoa I industrial zone has 26,314 employees, of which the number of FDI workers is 6,871, the number of employees in Vietnamese projects is 19,443 [8] About the age of laborers: Mainly from 30 years of age due to the characteristics of Bien Hoa Industrial Park I have many enterprises have been operating for a long time, workers have many years stick and work there 1.3.5 History of establishment and development of IPs Bien Hoa I Industrial Park was established more than 50 years ago (1963) with the name Bien Hoa Industrial Park, also considered as the oldest industrial park in Vietnam 30 By the end of 4/1975, Bien Hoa had 62 factories in operation, 26 were under construction and were in the design phase After 1975 Bien Hoa Industrial Zone was renamed Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I continued to expand and expand in terms of size and type of business Most of the factories in Bien Hoa I Industrial Park are operating with adequate facilities, factories, land from taking over the factories that were built earlier Some plants innovate technology and replace the old, obsolete equipment and lines, the remaining factories are not financially able to renovate the equipment technology Since they have formed and developed for many years, factories have inherited the material facilities of the previous entreprises, so the factory system and factories not follow the current planning In addition, the land use has not been thoroughly cleaned, there is a large area of vacant land in the factories and no use, leading to waste of resources In 2000 the Prime Minister also signed the decision to invest in upgrading the technical infrastructure of Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone with the goal of improving Bien Hoa Industrial Zone I with a complete synchronous technical infrastructure Innovative enterprises in novate technology to improve the environmental pollution in this area However, when the project was completed, the goal was to set up a technical infrastructure system and move people out of industrial land, while environmental pollution only improved a little As of 12/2015, Bien Hoa I Industrial Zone has grown strongly There are 107 enterprises with 116 establishments, of which 84 enterprises rent land infrastructure of Sonadezi and 23 enterprises rent warehouse: - Enterprises are deploying: enterprise (joint venture Nippovina) 31 - Operated enterprises: 90 enterprises with 97 establishments, including 83 production enterprises, Sonadezi Industrial Park Development Corporation, 2016, the project of remedying environmental pollution and transforming the functions of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone is not in production but only in offices, warehouses, factories and land - Enterprise does not work: there are 16 enterprises with 18 establishments have now ceased operation 1.3.6 Industries, enterprises in the industrial zone The enterprises in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone have a diversified business model, including the production of animal feed, food (mainly noodles, vegetable oil, confectionery, milk, sugar, coffee ) to products from plastic, rubber, packaging, wood, wool, yarn, brick, cement, mechanical workshops, metal molding, electronic components production chemicals (Specifically presented in Table 3.1) 32 CHAPTER CONTENT AND METHODOLOGY 2.1 Content Assessment of waste water situation in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone Forecast of pollutant discharge load trends to 2020, 2025 To propose comprehensive solutions to control and minimize environmental pollution in Dong Nai river basin due to the activities of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone 2.2 Methodology 2.2.1 Approach The industrial activity and the actors of this activity on the ecological environment are a global relationship that is constantly influenced by internal and external factors, movement and balance within a total can be certain It can be said that the polluted water from the industrial park is spreading pollutants, affecting and interacting with one river basin (from the sub-basin spreading, overflowing sluice gates, streams, large streams, continue to small rivers, large rivers and finally to the place where the flow (lake, sea), with a certain concentration and flow The contamination of water only disappears when aquatic ecosystems achieve their self purification 2.2.2 Method of inheritance, collection of information, data Based on a selective inheritance of previous research conducted in the study area and the necessary information for research Overview of data collection on current status and planning orientation of industrial zones / clusters in the study area - Data on natural, socio-economic and population data - Reports, design documents of industrial parks in the scope of research subject 33 - Documents for the process of proposing mitigation measures In addition, the research also synthesizes research documents or application of environmental assessment indicators and environmental classification 2.2.3 Method of investigation, field survey Surveying in the industrial zone and surrounding environment of the IZ in the same river force within the scope of study, considering the enterprises operating in the industrial zone, surveying the current status of the water drainage system (a separate treatment system of one number of enterprises) and concentrated wastewater treatment of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone (using the common wastewater treatment system of Bien Hoa Industrial Zone) 2.2.4 Method of data processing, statistics, evaluation With the current status of the IZs, production facilities and wastewater treatment status, a list of selected facilities for field survey is prepared Based on the results of the analysis, we compared our results with current QCVN for industrial wastewater parameters and classify the level of environmental pollution to wastewater We studied related documents and propose technical solutions to contribute to the reduction and control of water pollution in industrial zones 2.2.5 Sample collection and analysis of wastewater The collected data on wastewater quality inherited from the project on pollution control of industrial zones in Dong Nai river basin, Nhue-Day river (ViPMP) The members directly involved in the implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Program include staff from the Center for Analysis and Environment - Responsible person: Duong Hai Au - Director of Center for Analysis and Environment - Other participants 34 Table 2.1 List of other participants [21] No Work content Participants Position Duong Hai Au Nguyen Thi Thuy Van Nguyen Thị Hồng Diem Field observation andNguyen Thuy Diem sampling Nguyen Mạnh Trung Observers Le Văn Quy Nguyen Van Tan Nam Nguyen Thi Thuy Van Nguyen Thị Hồng Diem Deputy Head of Analysis Division Nguyen Thuy Diem Analysis of samples Nguyen Mạnh Trung in the laboratory Le Văn Quy Technicians Technicians Nguyen Van Tan Nam Tran Thi My Duyen Execution time - Observation time: September 15, 2016 - Time for completion of monitoring results: 30 September 2016 shall be conducted according to the following sampling methods: VNS 6663-1:2011: Water quality Technical guidance on sampling VNS TCVN 6663:2008: Water quality Guide to preservation and handling VNS TCVN 5999:1995: Water quality Guide to waste water sampling VNS TCVN 8880-2011: Water quality Sampling for microbiological analysis 35 Sampling directly from the mouth, contained in specialized bottles Cryopreservation Table 2.2 Parameters and methods of analysis of waste water samples [21] No Parameters Unit Methods of Analysis - SMEWW 2550B:2012 Temperature DO mg/l TCVN 7325:2004 pH mg/l TCVN 6492:2011 TSS mg/l SMEWW 2540D:2012 COD mg/l SMEWW 5220C:2012 BOD5 mg/l SMEWW 5210B:2012 N-NH4+ mg/l SMEWW 4500NH3.B&C:2012 T-N mg/l TCVN 6638:2000 P-PO43- Pt-Co SMEWW 4500P.D:2012 10 T-P mg/l SMEWW 4500P.B&D:2012 11 Cl- mg/l SMEWW 4500-Cl.B:2012 12 CN- mg/l HD 54- PT-CN 13 Grease mg/l SMEWW 5520B:2012 MPN/100ml TCVN 6187/2-1996 15 Total phenol mg/l TCVN 6216:1996 16 Cu mg/l SMEWW 3111B :2012 17 Zn mg/l SMEWW 3111B:2012 18 Ni mg/l SMEWW 3111B:2012 19 Pb mg/l SMEWW 3111C:2012 20 As mg/l SMEWW 3114B:2012 14 Coliform 36 No Parameters Unit Methods of Analysis 21 Cd mg/l SMEWW 3111C-2012 22 Hg mg/l SMEWW 3112B:2012 23 Cr6+ mg/l SMEWW 3500.Cr.B:2012 24 Cr3+ mg/l SMEWW 3111B:2012 SMEWW 3500.Cr.B:2012 Table 2.3 Location of wastewater sampling in Bien Hoa Industrial Zone [21] Name company Sampling locations Sample symbol Dry Cell and Storage Battery Joint Stock Company (Pinaco) input 16091504-NT1 Dry Cell and Storage Battery Joint Stock Company (Pinaco) output 16091504-NT2 Bien Hoa Chemical Company Limited (Vicaco) Input 16091504-NT3 Bien Hoa Chemical Company Limited (Vicaco) output 16091504-NT4 Southern Steel Sheet Co Ltd (SSSC) input 16091504-NT5 Southern Steel Sheet Co Ltd (SSSC) output 16091504-NT6 Ajinomoto VietNam Co input 16091504-NT7 Ajinomoto VietNam Co output 16091504-NT8 Net Washing Powder (NETCO) after filter, input wts 16091504-NT9 Vinacafe Bien Hoa Joint Stock Company input 16091504-NT10 37 Name company Sampling locations Sample symbol Vinacafe Bien Hoa Joint Stock Company output 16091504-NT11 DIELAC Dairy Factory- VINamilk input 16091504-NT12 DIELAC Dairy Factory- VINamilk output 16091504-NT13 Tam Hiep Rubber Technical Factory collection tank 16091504-NT14 Bien Hoa Sugar Joint Stock Company input 16091504-NT15 Bien Hoa Sugar Joint Stock Company output 16091504-NT16 South Basic Chemicals Joint Stock Company collection tank 16091504-NT17 Dong Nai Paint Corporation collection tank 16091504-NT18 Dong Nai Tile Corporation collection tank 16091504-NT19 Viet Phap Feed Production Corporation (350.000 Ton/year) collection tank 16091504-NT20 Bien Hoa Packaging Company – paper workshop input 16091504-NT21 Bien Hoa Packaging Company – paper workshop output 16091504-NT22 Bien Hoa Packaging Company Carton workshop input 16091504-NT23 Bien Hoa Packaging Company Carton workshop output 16091504-NT24 Centralized Wastewater Treatment input 16091504-NT25 38 Name company Sampling locations Sample symbol Plant In Bien Hoa Industrial Zone II Centralized Wastewater Treatment output 16091504-NT26 Plant In Bien Hoa Industrial Zone II 2.2.6 Method of calculating maximum pollutant load of pollutant in industrial effluents (Circular No 02/2009 / TT-BTNMT dated March 19, 2009 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment) 2.2.6.1 Data requirements a Data on receiving water Data on receiving water sources include flow data and pollutant concentrations assessed in water sources a.1 Data load - Use flow data series observed in the river section being evaluated - Where there are no flow data for the river sections being assessed, data from similar rivers may be used - Graph the flow over time and select the smallest instantaneous flow to calculate the receiving capacity of the water source (as shown below) Figue 2.1 Graph of flow over time and the smallest instantaneous flow [17] 39 a.2 Data on water quality The water quality data must be the actual observation data in the river section being assessed and at the same time the river flow data used in the calculation or during the minimum flow period The sampling, preservation and analysis of water samples shall comply with the current regulations and standards and apply the following standards: + Standard TCVN 5992-1995: Technical guidance on sampling; + Standard TCVN 5996-1995: Guidelines for sampling in rivers and streams; + Standard TCVN 5999-1995: Guideline for wastewater sampling; + Standard TCVN 5993-1995: Guidance on preservation and processing of samples; + Standards TCVN on sample analysis in the laboratory, - The water sample to determine the concentration of pollutants in the receiving water is a sample of at least samples taken at different locations on the same cross section (middle of the stream, 1/4 of the width of the river left bank and 1/4 river width from the right bank) and at a depth of 0.5m from the water surface b Data on wastewater sources b.1 Data on waste water source must be the maximum value of wastewater discharge and the highest concentration value of pollutant present in waste source b.2 Pollutants should be assessed as all substances listed in the water quality standards and standards for the intended uses of the receiving water and other pollutants contained in the waste water but not listed in the the standards and standards of Vietnam Currently, water quality standards for the use of receiving water sources include: 40 Surface water quality standards TCVN 5942-1995 (kind A, kind B); Water quality standards for irrigation TCVN 6773-2000; Freshwater quality standards protect the aquatic life of the TCVN 6774-2000 b3 For wastes that are currently discharged, data on wastewater sources must be measured and observed b4 For future sources of waste, data on wastewater sources must be based on scientific basis 2.2.6.2 Calculation The maximum load of pollutants that a water bodycan absorb for a specific pollutant is calculated using the formula: Ltđ = (Qs + Qt) * Ctc * 86,4; With: Ltđ (kg/day) maximum pollutant load of the water source for the pollutant in question; Qs (m3/s) minimum flow velocity in the river section needs to be assessed before receiving wastewater, is determined according to instructions in ”a” section 2.2.6.1; Qt (m3/s) maximum discharge of wastewater, determined according to the instructions in ”b” section 2.2.6.1.; Ctc (mg/l) The value of the pollutant concentration limit under consideration is prescribed in the water quality regulations and standards so as to ensure the use purpose of the water being evaluated according to the guidance in ”b” section 2.2.6.1.; 86,4 (m3/s)*(mg/l) transfer (kg/day) 41 * Calculate the pollutant load available in the receiving water The amount of pollutant load available in the receiving water source for a particular pollutant is calculated by the formula: Ln = Qs * Cs * 86,4 Then: Ln (kg/day) pollutant load is available in the receiving water; Qs (m3/s) minimum flow velocity in the river section needs to be assessed before receiving wastewater Cs (mg/l) maximum concentration of pollutants in water before receiving wastewater; 86,4 is a dimension unit conversion factor from (m3/s)*(mg/l) to (kg/day) * Calculate pollutant discharge load of pollutant into water source The pollutant load of a specific pollutant from the source of discharge into the receiving water source is calculated according to the following formula: Lt = Qt* Ct* 86,4 With: The pollutant load of a specific pollutant from the source of discharge into the receiving water source is calculated according to the following formula: Lt (kg/day) is the amount of pollutant in the waste stream Qt (m3/s) is the largest sewage flow, determined according to the instructions at the point “b” section 2.2.6.1.; Ct (mg/l) is the maximum concentration value of the pollutant in the effluent, determined according to the instructions at point “b” section 2.2.6.1 * Calculation of wastewater receiving capacity 42 The ability to receive pollutant discharge load of a water source for a particular pollutant from a single discharge point is calculated by the formula: Ltn = (Ltđ – Ln – Lt) * Fs Fs is the coefficient of safety, the value of this coefficient is determined as follows: - The use of the Fs Safety Factor in determining the acceptability of pollutants is due to the fact that many factors are not quantifiable and uncertain in the calculation of wastewater reception capacity when forced to accept pesticides the above mentioned; or due to the lack of adequate information on the situation of discharge of waste water and the exploitation and use of water downstream; and to ensure that the capacity of receiving wastewater from the water source will not be used for a single source of wastewater and that it will be capable of receiving wastewater from downstream sources - The Fs safety factor is in the range of 0.3