BÀI TIỂU LUẬN học phần thực hành tiếng anh 1 (đọc)

1 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC HẢI PHÒNG KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ Sinh viên: Đặng Tiến Mạnh Mã SV: 213114231148 Đoàn Khánh Linh Mã SV: 213114231150 Lớp: Sư phạm Tiếng Anh Khoá: 2021 - 2025 BÀI TIỂU LUẬN Học phần: Thực hành Tiếng Anh (Đọc) Mã học phần: ENG5207 HẢI PHÒNG - 02/2022 MỤC LỤC PART 1: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………… PART 2: DEVELOPMENT…………………………………………… CHAPTER 1: VOCABULARY…………………………………… 1.1 Leisure time…………………………………………………… 1.1.1 Synonyms 1.1.2 Antonyms 1.2 Sports and feelings 1.2.1 Synonyms 1.2.2 Antonyms 1.3 Education 1.3.1 Synonyms 1.3.2 Antonyms 1.4 Science and technology 1.4.1 Synonyms 1.4.2 Antonyms 1.5 The natural world 1.5.1 Synonyms 1.5.2 Antonyms 1.6 Communication 1.6.1 Synonyms 1.6.2 Antonyms CHAPTER 2: SKILLS DEVELOPMENT 2.1 Multiple-choice questions 2.1.1 Questions 2.1.2 Answers and explanations 2.2 Short-answer questions 2.2.1 Questions 2.2.2 Answers and explanations 2.3 Completing tables and flow charts 2.3.1 Questions 2.3.2 Answers and explanations 2.4 Completing notes and summaries 2.4.1 Questions 2.4.2 Answers and explanations PART 3: CONCLUSION  References PART 1: INTRODUCTION Nowadays, English is the most popular language in the world It is the language that everyone needs to learn apart from our mother tongue language, in the other hand, just like a bridge that can get people from many countries closer It is vital to have good English because when you know how to use English wisely, you will achieve a lot of success in your life However, in addition to three skills (listening, speaking and writing), reading skills are equally important Therefore, our group consists of Dang Tien Manh and Doan Khanh Linh from English Pedagogy Class would like to present our essay of Reading to summarize the importatnt knowledge we have learned in term  Our essay consists of parts: Introduction, Development and Skills development  Part 1: Introduction will briefly present the importance of English in life and also introduce the parts of our essay  Part 2: Development: In this section there will be two chapters The first chapter is vocabulary, in this chapter we will also provide knowledge about vocabulary related to the topics we learned in term Besides, in each topic there will be synonyms and antonyms so that you can strengthen and develop your knowledge of vocabulary The second chapter is Skills development, in this chapter will include types of reading passages, we will give you some reading passages with questions and guide you how to use some skills such as scanning or skimming to this task  Part 3: Conclusion will summarize the knowledge we have presented PART 2: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: VOCABULARY 1.1 Leisure time (Đặng Tiến Mạnh) 1.1.1 Synonyms 1.1.2 Antonyms 1.2 Sports and feelings (Đặng Tiến Mạnh) 1.2.1 Synonyms 1.2.2 Antonyms 1.3 Education (Đặng Tiến Mạnh) 1.3.1 Synonyms 1.3.2 Antonyms 1.4 Science and technology (Đoàn Khánh Linh) 1.5 The natural world (Đoàn Khánh Linh) 1.6 Communication (Đoàn Khánh Linh) CHAPTER 2: SKILLS DEVELOPMENT 2.1 Multiple – choice questions (Đặng Tiến Mạnh) 2.1.1 Questions Infant Cognition: Acquired or Innate? If infants are born with cognitive abilities, genetics may play a more significant role in development than environmental factors Throughout history, psychologists have debated whether people are more strongly influenced by genetics (nature) or their environment (nurture) Because newborns are as close to ‘nature’ as a human can be, they have often been the object of study by experts attempting to better understand the origins of human cognition According to Jean Piaget’s famous theory of early human cognition, infants acquire intelligence only through the physical actions they perform with objects around them To him, cognitive ability is not innate but is acquired over time through interaction with the phenomenal world Newborns practise reflex behaviours and slowly gain control over them through repetition Over the course of their first few months, they learn to perform actions over and over again, such as sucking their thumbs, which give them some sort of pleasure or satisfaction In this stage, he maintained, they are still unable to fully anticipate or predict events From around four to eight months, infants begin to use what Piaget called secondary circular reactions These are secondary because they involve combining more than one process, e.g shaking a rattle and hearing it make noise Through such actions, infants learn cause and effect and begin to realise that their own actions can create subsequent reactions To Piaget, these were no more than conditioned responses to the connections between newly acquired actions and their effects on objects, and because these actions are undifferentiated, he believed that they were not goal-directed activities and, B To prove that nature is more important than nurture in development C To explain how cognitive abilities affect infant development D To show that infant development relies on both nature and nurture 2.1.2 Answers and explanations Question 1: The answer is B - Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given sentence (piagetinfants gain knowledge) and the paragraph in the passage related to this key phrase ‘According to Jean Piaget's famous theory Children accquire intelligence only through the physical actions they perform with objects around them' to determine the correct answer is B 'interacting with things close to them' In this sentence ' actions they perform with objects around them' is rewritten as 'interacting with things close to them' - Skill: skimming - Clues: Paragraph 1, Line 5-6-7 Question 2: The answer is C - Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given sentence 'Piaget believe children have some understanding' and the paragraph in the reading passage related to this keyword phrase 'Piaget based his conclusions on whether the children respond by removing the cloth or cup to find the concealed item If they did, he surmised that they had at least a limited apprehension of object permanence' to determine the correct answer is C 'They uncovered the object that had been hidden' In this sentence 'have at least a limited apprehension' is rewritten as 'have some understanding' and 'find the concealed item' is written as 'uncovered the object - hidden' - Skill: skimming - Clues: Paragraph 3, Line 4-5-6-7 Question 3: The answer is C - Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given sentence ‘Baillargeon- cary out experiments’ and the paragraph in the reading passage related to this keyword phrase ‘She pointed out the importance of conducting experiments and test that are appropriate for the development level of infants’ to determine the correct answer is C ‘suitable for infants’stage of development’ In this sentence ‘ appropriate for the development level’ is rewritten as ‘suitable for infants’stage of development’ - Skills: skimming - Clues: Paragraph 4, Line 3-4-5 Question 4: The answer is D - Explanation: Based on the keyword of given sentence 'Baillargeon's criticism' and the paragraph in the passage related to this keyword phrase 'Baillargeon accused him of confusing motor skill limitations with cognitive limitations' to determine the main answer exactly D 'He mistook a lack of motor skills with a lack of cognitive ones’ In this sentence 'confusing motor skill limitations with cognitive limitations' is rewritten as 'mistook a lack of motor skills with a lack of cognitive ones' - Skill: scanning - Clues: Paragraph 4, Line 7-8 Question 5: The answer is C - Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given sentence 'Experiment involving a truck Baillargeon' and the paragraph in the passage related to this keyword phrase 'In one experiment, Baillargeon showed a toy truck rolling down a track letting the children focus on this process several times ' to determine the correct answer is C 'showed children the same process many times' In this sentence 'letting the children focus on this process several times' is rewritten as 'showed children the same process numerous times' - Skill: scanning - Clues: Paragraph 5, Line 1-2-3 Question 6: The answer is B - Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given phrase 'infants' ability to conceive of objects' and the paragraph in the passage related to this keyword phrase 'Yet to say adults that babies can conceive of objects in the same way that not mean that they always reason in the same manner as adult ' to determine the correct answer is B 'does not mean they are able to reason like adults' In this sentence 'they always reason in the same manner as adults' is rewritten as 'they are able to reason like adults' - Skill: Skimming - Clues: Paragraph 7, Line 1-2-3 Question 7: The answer is B A Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given sentence 'Noam Chomsky' and the passage in the reading related to this keyword phrase 'the experiments of Baillargeon reenergised the field in much the same way that Noam Chomsky's studies of language acquisition revolutionized linguistics' to determine the correct answer is B ‘Baillargeon with someone else who made a major academic contribution’ - Skill: skimming - Clues: The last paragraph, line 6-7-8-9 Question 8: The answer is D - Explanation: Since the passage does not have a purpose sentence, we need to read the whole text to determine the writer's purpose Based on the first sentence of the passage 'Throughout history, psychologists have debated whether people are more motivated by genetics (nature) or their environment (nurture).' and the sentence in the last paragraph 'it goes without saying that experience, or nurture, remains a crucial factor in human cognitive development' to determine the correct answer is D ' To show that infant development relies on both nature and nurture’ - Skill: Scanning and skimming - Clues: Line 1-2 (the first paragraph), Line 4-5-6 (the last paragraph) 2.2 Short-answer questions (Đặng Tiến Mạnh) 2.2.1 Questions Rubik’s Cube - How the puzzle achieved success Erno Rubik first studied sculpture and then later architecture in Budapest, where he went on to become a teacher of interior design It was while he was working as a teacher that he began the preliminary work on an invention that he called the ‘Magic Cube' Rubik was inspired by geometric puzzles such as the Chinese tangram, a puzzle consisting of various triangles, a square and a parallelogram which can be combined to create different shapes and figures However, unlike the tangram, which is two- dimensional, Rubik was more interested in investigating how three-dimensional forms, such as the cube, could be moved and combined to produce other forms His design consisted of a cube made up of layers of individual smaller cubes, and each smaller cube could be turned in any direction except diagonally To ensure that the cubes could move independently, without falling apart, Rubik first attempted to join them together using elastic bands However, this proved to be impossible, so Rubik then solved the problem by assembling them using a rounded interior This permitted them to move smoothly and easily He experimented with different ways of marking the smaller cubes, but ended up with the simple solution of giving a different colour to each side The object was to twist the layers of small cubes so that each side of the large cube was an identical colour Rubik took out a patent for the Cube in 1977 and started manufacturing it in the same year The Cube came to the attention of a Hungarian businessman, Tibor Laczi, who then demonstrated it at the Nuremberg Toy Fair When British toy expert Tom Kremer saw it, he thought it was amazing and he persuaded a manufacturer, Ideal Toys, to produce million of them in 1979 Ideal Toys renamed the Cube after the toy’s inventor, and in 1980, Rubik’s Cube was shown at toy fairs all over the world It won that year’s prize in Germany for Best Puzzle Rubik’s Cube is believed to be the world’s bestselling puzzle; since its invention, more than 300 million Cubes have been sold worldwide Using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR/A NUMBER for each, answer the following questions What was the original name of the Rubik’s Cube? ………………………………………………………………………… In which form are the smaller cubes organised? ………………………………………………………………………… What’s the direction that the Rubik’s Cube can’t rotate? ………………………………………………………………………… In order to make the smaller cubes move smoothy, what did Erno Rubik put inside the cube? ………………………………………………………………………… What should the colours of the sides of the large cube be in the aim of the puzzle? ………………………………………………………………………… In what year was the cube patented? ………………………………………………………………………… Who was the Cube named after? ………………………………………………………………………… 2.2.2 Answers and explanations Magic Cube - Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given sentence ‘the original of the Rubik’s Cube' and the passage in the reading related to this keyword phrase ‘…work on an invention that he called the ‘Magic Cube'’ to determine the correct answer - Skill: scanning - Clues: Paragraph 1, Line 3-4 Layers - Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given sentence ‘the smaller cubes organised' and the passage in the reading related to this keyword phrase ‘His design consisted of a cube made up of layers of individual smaller cubes’ to determine the correct answer - Skill: scanning - Clues: Paragraph 3, Line Diagonally - Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given sentence ‘the direction…can’t rotate' and the passage in the reading related to this keyword phrase ‘each smaller cube could be turned in any direction except diagonally’ to determine the correct answer - Skill: scanning - Clues: Paragraph 3, Line Rounded interior - Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given sentence ‘move smoothy….put inside the cube' and the passage in the reading related to this keyword phrase ‘However, this proved to be impossible, so Rubik then solved the problem by assembling them using a rounded interior This permitted them to move smoothly and easily’ to determine the correct answer - Skill: scanning - Clues: Paragraph 3, Line 4-5-6 Identical - Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given sentence ‘the colours of the sides of the large cube ' and the passage in the reading related to this keyword phrase ‘The object was to twist the layers of small cubes so that each side of the large cube was an identical colour.’ to determine the correct answer - Skill: scanning - Clues: Paragraph 3, Line 8-9-10 1977 - Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given sentence ‘year… patented’ and the passage in the reading related to this keyword phrase ‘Rubik took out a patent for the Cube in 1977’ to determine the correct answer - Skill: scanning - Clues: The last paragraph, The first line Erno Rubik - Explanation: Based on the keyword of the given sentence ‘the Cube named after’ and the passage in the reading related to this keyword phrase ‘Ideal Toys renamed the Cube after the toy’s inventor’ and from that we can infer that the inventor of the cube is Erno Rubik - Skill: scanning - Clues: the last paragraph, line 2.3 Completing tables and flow charts ( Đoàn Khánh Linh) 2.3.1 Questions: Read the paragraphs below The name chordophones is used for instruments with strings that produce a sound when caused to vibrate Further classification is based on body shape and on how vibrations are induced There are five basic types: bows, lyres, harps, lutes and zithers The simplest musical bows have a single string attached to each end of a flexible stick; others have resonators to amplify the sound Lyres, common in ancient times, have a four-sided frame consisting of a soundbox, two arms and a crossbar The plucked strings run from the front of the soundbox to the crossbar Harps are basically triangular in shape, with strings attached to a soundbox and the instrument ‘neck’ Classified as lutes are all instruments with strings that run from the base of a resonating ‘belly’ up and along the full length of an attached neck This subgroup is further divided into plucked lutes (round – or flat – backed), and bowed lutes (including folk fiddles and violins) The fifth type, zithers, have strings running the entire length of the body and are subdivided into simple zithers (stick, raft, tube or trough-shaped), long zithers (from the Far East), plucked zithers (such as the psaltery and harpsichord), and struck zithers (including the dulcimer and piano) Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each space, complete the chart below 2.3.2 Answers and explanations: instrument with strings - Skill: Skimming - Clues: First sentence of the passage bows - Skill: Scanning - Clues: Line 4,5 triangular with strings/with strings/strings - Skill: Scanning - Clues: The last sentence of paragraph lutes - Skill: Skimming - Clues: First sentence of the paragraph lyres - Skill: Skimming - Clues: Line 5,6, paragraph four-sided frame - Skill: Skimming - Clues: Line 5,6, paragraph subdivided: The last sentence of paragraph struck: The last sentence of paragraph 2.4 Completing notes and summaries ( Đoàn Khánh Linh ) 2.4.1 Questions : Fermentation is a process in which an agent [typically bacteria and yeast] cause an organic substance to break dovvn into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic [no oxygen] breakdown of sugar into alcohol, i.e the making of beer or wine Fermentation in food processing is the conversion of carbohydrates (plant foods) to alcohols and carbon dioxide, or organic acids, using yeasts, bacteria, or a conmbination thereof, under anaerobic (no oxygen) conditions Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisnms is desirable, and the process is used to produce alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, and cider Fermentation is also employed in the leavening of bread, and for preservation techniques to create lactic acid in sour foods such as sauerkraut, dry sausages, kimchi and yogurt, or vinegar (acetic acid) for use in pickling foods Nobel Prize winner Dr Elie Metch_nikoff was one of the first scientists to recognize the benefits of eating fermented foods His research in the early 1900' s focused on the Bulgarians He believed the daily ingestion of yogurt was a major contribution to their superior health and longevity Bulgarians perfected the art of detoxifying and preserving milk (removing the lactose and predigesting the proteins) and transforming it into yogurt and cheese For centuries, Europeans used wine as a source of clean, durable water The Caucasians used Kefir grains for the same purpose: detoxify milk products to make Kefir Vegetables were also fermented to preserve them from spoilage, such as kimchi in Korea Most of the pickled products found on our grocery shelves were at one time a fermented product: pickles, saurkraut, and even catsup (a Chinese word for pickled fish brine) However, since fermenta Hon isn't always a uniform process, manufacturers found another way to make these products Complete the summary using the list of words (A-J) below Write the correct letter on your answer sheet, in boxes 1-6 : International Uses for Fermentation At the start of the 20th century, Dr Elie Metchnikoff put forward his belief that the and good health of Bulgarians could be attributed to eating fermented food each day By and preserving milk, they were able to convert it into and In other parts of Europe, fermented was consumed as a replacement for clean water Some … were fermented which gave them a longer lifespan but nowadays this is done by pickling A) ingestin F) food B) yoghurt G) kimchi C ) longevity H) cheese D) pickled products I) detoxifying E) wine J) vegetables C - Skill: Scanning - Clues: Line 2,3,4, paragraph 2 I - Skill : Scanning B - Skill: Scanning H - Clues: Line 1,2, paragraph E - Skill: Skimming - Clues: Line 3, paragraph J - Skill: Skimming - Clues: Line 5, paragraph PART 3: CONCLUSION In conclusion, we have presented all the knowledge that we have learned in Reading in term for you Besides, we also put a lot of vocabulary as well as synonyms and antonyms in different topics Moreover, we also provide detailed instructions on how to different types of readings and how to use important skills like scanning or skimming in the readings to get the best results Thereby, we can realize that the use of skills in Reading skills plays a very important role so that you can apply and absorb the best knowledge References CHAPTER 2: SKILLS DEVELOPMENT: 2.1 Multiple – choice questions Hacker Ielts Reading Book 2.2 Short – answer questions https://mini-ielts.com/823/reading/rubiks-cube -how-the-puzzle-achievedsuccess 2.3 Completing tables and flow charts ( IELTS reading flow chart campletion (luyenthiielts com) ) 2.4 Completing notes and summaries ( IELTS summary completion reading practice (ieltsliz com) ) ... feelings 1. 2 .1 Synonyms 1. 2.2 Antonyms 1. 3 Education 1. 3 .1 Synonyms 1. 3.2 Antonyms 1. 4 Science and technology 1. 4 .1 Synonyms 1. 4.2 Antonyms 1. 5 The natural world 1. 5 .1 Synonyms 1. 5.2 Antonyms 1. 6... CHAPTER 1: VOCABULARY 1. 1 Leisure time (Đặng Tiến Mạnh) 1. 1 .1 Synonyms 1. 1.2 Antonyms 1. 2 Sports and feelings (Đặng Tiến Mạnh) 1. 2 .1 Synonyms 1. 2.2 Antonyms 1. 3 Education (Đặng Tiến Mạnh) 1. 3 .1 Synonyms... LỤC PART 1: INTRODUCTION…………………………………………… PART 2: DEVELOPMENT…………………………………………… CHAPTER 1: VOCABULARY…………………………………… 1. 1 Leisure time…………………………………………………… 1. 1 .1 Synonyms 1. 1.2 Antonyms 1. 2 Sports