UNIT TITLE network information

PROGRAM TITLE: …………………………………………… UNIT TITLE: Network Information ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: Assignment ASSIGNMENT NAME: …………………………………… SUBMISSION DATE: ……………………………………… DATE RECEIVED: …………………………………………… TUTORIAL LECTURER: …………………………………… WORD COUNT: …………………………………………… STUDENT NAME: BUI THI HOAI STUDENT ID: BKC18310 MOBILE NUMBER: 0964762045 Summative Feedback: Internal verification: Contents A INTRODUCTION B CONTENT I Definition networking: .5 Types of Networks in Use Today Constraint Network II Types of Topology .11 Mesh Topology 11 Star Topology 13 The impact of current network technology, communication and standards: 17 III M1: Compare common networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems .21 IV Network Devices (Hub, Repeater, Bridge, Switch, Router, Gateways and Brouter) .23 Repeater 23 Hub 24 Server Types 27 V (P4) Discuss the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software 29 What is workstation hardware? .29 What is networking software? .30 What is the inter-dependence of workstation hardware with relevant networking software? 30 A INTRODUCTION Networking is referred as connecting computers electronically for the purpose of sharing information Resources such as files, applications, printers and software are common information shared in a networking The advantage of networking can be seen clearly in terms of security, efficiency, manageability and cost effectiveness as it allows collaboration between users in a wide range Basically, network consists of hardware component such as computer, hubs, switches, routers and other devices which form the network infrastructure These are the devices that play an important role in data transfer from one place to another using different technology such as radio waves and wires There are many types of network available in the networking industries and the most common network are Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) LAN network is made up of two or more computers connected together in a short distance usually at home, office buildings or school WAN is a network that covers wider area than LAN and usually covers cities, countries and the whole world Several major LAN can be connected together to form a WAN As several devices are connected to network, it is important to ensure data collision does not happen when this devices attempt to use to detect and prevent collision in networks B CONTENT LO1 Examine networking principles and their protocols P1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards I Definition networking: Networking is the exchange of information and ideas among people with a common profession or special interest, usually in an informal social setting Networking is used by professionals to expand their circles of acquaintances, to find out about job opportunities in their fields, and to increase their awareness of news and trends in their fields or in the greater world The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams Types of Networks in Use Today  Personal Area Network (PAN) The smallest and most basic type of network, a PAN is made up of a wireless modem, a computer or two, phones, printers, tablets, etc., and revolves around one person in one building These types of networks are typically found in small offices or residences, and are managed by one person or organization from a single device  Local Area Network (LAN) We’re confident that you’ve heard of these types of networks before– LANs are the most frequently discussed networks, one of the most common, one of the most original and one of the simplest types of networks LANs connect groups of computers and low-voltage devices together across short distances (within a building or between a group of two or three buildings in close proximity to each other) to share information and resources Enterprises typically manage and maintain LANs Using routers, LANs can connect to wide area networks (WANs, explained below) to rapidly and safely transfer data -  LAN works with TCP / IP protocol Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Functioning like a LAN, WLANs make use of wireless network technology, such as WiFi Typically seen in the same types of applications as LANs, these types of networks don’t require that devices rely on physical cables to connect to the network  Campus Area Network (CAN) Larger than LANs, but smaller than metropolitan area networks (MANs, explained below), these types of networks are typically seen in universities, large K-12 school districts or small businesses They can be spread across several buildings that are fairly close to each other so users can share resources  Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) These types of networks are larger than LANs but smaller than WANs – and incorporate elements from both types of networks MANs span an entire geographic area (typically a town or city, but sometimes a campus) Owner ship and maintenance is handled by either a single person or company (a local council, a large company, etc.)  Wide Area Network (WAN) Slightly more complex than a LAN, a WAN connects computers together across longer physical distances This allows computers and low-voltage devices to be remotely connected to each other over one large network to communicate even when they’re miles apart The Internet is the most basic example of a WAN, connecting all computers together around the world Because of a WAN’s vast reach, it is typically owned and maintained by multiple administrators or the public -  The protocol used mainly in the WAN is TCP / IP protocol Storage-Area Network (SAN) As a dedicated high-speed network that connects shared pools of storage devices to several servers, these types of networks don’t rely on a LAN or WAN Instead, they move storage resources away from the network and place them into their own highperformance network SANs can be accessed in the same fashion as a drive attached to a server Types of storage-area networks include converged, virtual and unified SANs  Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN) As an alternative to traditional switch-based Ethernet LANs, POLAN technology can be integrated into structured cabling to overcome concerns about supporting traditional Ethernet protocols and network applications such as PoE (Power over Ethernet) A point-to-multipoint LAN architecture, POLAN uses optical splitters to split an optical signal from one strand of single mode optical fiber into multiple signals to serve users and devices  Enterprise Private Network (EPN) These types of networks are built and owned by businesses that want to securely connect its various locations to share computer resources  Virtual Private Network (VPN) By extending a private network across the Internet, a VPN lets its users send and receive data as if their devices were connected to the private network – even if they’re not Through a virtual point to point connection, users can access a private network remotely Constraint Network A constraint network is a formulation of an instance of the constraint satisfaction - problem(CSP)which is at the core of constraint programming In a discrete instance, the domains, which are the sets of allowed values of variables, are finite The discrete constraint satisfaction problem is not known to admit polynomial running time algorithms to solve its instances a) The Advantages of Networking  Information sharing o The depth of knowledge and experience from a group of people can be staggering Networking will provide many opportunities to ask questions and receive feedback Discussing other points of view really expands your knowledge base, and allows you to see things from a broader perspective Learning from other’s “best practices” saves time, energy and resources  Connections o When opportunity “knocks” you want to be in a position to take advantage of it Many times there is a need for information-sharing, joint ventures, partnerships, and even needs for services Having a wide network of individuals to contact may be the difference in seizing the moment or missing it completely  Promotion o Whether promoting yourself or your organization, having a large network may assist you in moving your career forward, promoting a new product launch, or driving new members to your organization “Word of mouth” is still one of the best forms of advertising Spreading good information about you or your organization may provide leads for career advancement or organization growth  Credibility o Improving your reputation and finding support are also benefits of networking If you are successful at networking, you might get a reputation for being a person people will want to talk to and get to know A good reputation leads to support You may have valuable information, ideas, and resources those in your network may need Establishing your desire to assist a colleague increases your credibility  - Self Esteem Making new friends and socializing is an important aspect of our human nature Developing new relationships leads to higher self esteem and confidence By taking the steps to improving yourself and connecting to people you are moving your career forward Your confidence will continue to grow as you become more comfortable with networking Confidence draws people to you and opens up the opportunity to gain more information for yourself and share information with others a Protocol A protocol is a standard set of rules that allow electronic devices to communicate with each other These rules include what type of data may be transmitted, what commands are used to send and receive data, and how data transfers are confirmed b Internet Protocol Suite The Internet protocol is to gather traffic protocols that perform a stack protocol which runs on the Internet The Internet protocol sometimes referred to as a TCP/IP protocol, after TCP/IP, to mention the important protocols in which, Transmitting protocol (TCP) and Internet protocol(IP) The Internet protocol can be described by the same description as the OSI model, but there are some different, not all the corresponding layers b Data Communications Transmission of signals  Send and receive information over communications lines Encoding, interfacing, signal integrity, multiplexing etc c The impact of network bandwidth requirements: Bandwidth affects how long it takes to download or upload information over the Internet A connection that has plenty of bandwidth available provides a smooth, responsive user experience The more available bandwidth, the more quickly data can be transferred; however, the law of diminishing returns applies here Once you have sufficient bandwidth, Internet performance is not further affected d Networking Topology and architecture used to interconnect devices e Bandwidth Bandwidth is the capacity of a wired or wireless network communications link to transmit the maximum amount of data from one point to another over a computer network or internet connection in a given amount of time usually one second Synonymous with capacity, bandwidth describes the data transfer rate Bandwidth is not a measure of network speed a common misconception Expected average load; anticipated peak load; local internet availability; cost constraints, throughput III M1: Compare common networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems NETWORKING PRINCIPLES AND THEIR PROTOCOLS • The Benefits and Constraints of Different Network Types and Standards Personal Area Network (PAN) The smallest and most basic type of network, a PAN is made up of a wireless modem, a computer or two, phones, printers, tablets, etc., and revolves around one person in one building These types of networks are typically found in small offices or residences, and are managed by one person or organization from a single device Benefits: + No extra space requires: Personal area network does not require extra wire or space For connecting two devices you only need to enable Bluetooth in both devices to start sharing data among them For example, connecting wireless keyboard and mouse with the tablet through Bluetooth + Connect to many devices at a time: Many devices can be connected to one device at the same time in a personal area network You can connect one mobile to many other mobiles or tablets to share files +Cost effective: No extra wires are needed in this type of network Also, no extra data charges are involved so PAN is an inexpensive way of communication +Easy to use: It is easy to use No advanced setup is required +Reliable: If you use this type of data connection within 10 meters then your network is stable and reliable +Secure: This network is secured because all the devices are authorized before data sharing Third party injection and data hacking are not possible in PAN Constraints: + Less distance range: Signal range is maximum 10 meters which makes limitation for long distance sharing + Interfere with radio signals: As personal area network also use infrared so it can interfere with radio signals and data can be dropped + Slow data transfer: Bluetooth and infrared have a slow data transfer rate as compared to another type of networks like LAN (local area network) + Health problem: In some cases, PAN uses microwave signals in some digital devices which have a bad effect on the human body like brain and heart problems may occur Local Area Network (LAN)We’re confident that you’ve heard of these types of networks before – LANs are the most frequently discussed networks, one of the most common, one of the most original and one of the simplest types of networks LANs connect groups of computers and lowvoltage devices together across short LO2 Explain networking devices and operations P3 Discuss the operating principles of networking devices and server types IV Network Devices (Hub, Repeater, Bridge, Switch, Router, Gateways and Brouter) A network device is a node in the wireless mesh network It can transmit and receive wireless HART data and perform the basic functions necessary to support network formation and maintenance Network devices include field devices, router devices, gateway devices, and mesh hand-held devices Repeater A repeater operates at the physical layer Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted so as to extend the length to which the signal can be transmitted over the same network An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they not amplify the signal When the signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength It is a port device Hub A hub is basically a multiport repeater A hub connects multiple wires coming from different branches, for example, the connector in star topology which connects different stations Hubs cannot filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices In other words, collision domain of all hosts connected through Hub remains one Also, they not have intelligence to find out best path for data packets which leads to inefficiencies and wastage a Bridge A bridge operates at data link layer A bridge is a repeater, with add on the functionality of filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of source and destination It is also used for interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol It has a single input and single output port, thus making it a port device ... wires There are many types of network available in the networking industries and the most common network are Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN) LAN network is made up of two or... current network technology, communication and standards: 17 III M1: Compare common networking principles and how protocols enable the effectiveness of networked systems .21 IV Network. .. protocols P1 Discuss the benefits and constraints of different network types and standards I Definition networking: Networking is the exchange of information and ideas among people with a common profession