Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Tóm tắt tiếng anh: Phát triển năng lượng tái tạo vì sự phát triển kinh tế bền vững ở một số quốc gia Châu Á và bài học kinh nghiệm cho Việt Nam.Tóm tắt tiếng anh: Phát triển năng lượng tái tạo vì sự phát triển kinh tế bền vững ở một số quốc gia Châu Á và bài học kinh nghiệm cho Việt NamTóm tắt tiếng anh: Phát triển năng lượng tái tạo vì sự phát triển kinh tế bền vững ở một số quốc gia Châu Á và bài học kinh nghiệm cho Việt NamTóm tắt tiếng anh: Phát triển năng lượng tái tạo vì sự phát triển kinh tế bền vững ở một số quốc gia Châu Á và bài học kinh nghiệm cho Việt NamTóm tắt tiếng anh: Phát triển năng lượng tái tạo vì sự phát triển kinh tế bền vững ở một số quốc gia Châu Á và bài học kinh nghiệm cho Việt NamTóm tắt tiếng anh: Phát triển năng lượng tái tạo vì sự phát triển kinh tế bền vững ở một số quốc gia Châu Á và bài học kinh nghiệm cho Việt NamTóm tắt tiếng anh: Phát triển năng lượng tái tạo vì sự phát triển kinh tế bền vững ở một số quốc gia Châu Á và bài học kinh nghiệm cho Việt Nam
ACADEMY SOCIAL SCIENCE OF VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES HOANG THI XUAN DEVELOPMENT RENEWAL ENERGY FOR DEVELOPMENT ECONOMY SUSTAINABLE IN SOME ASIA COUNTRIES AND LEARNINGS FOR VIETNAM Specialization: International Economics Code: 31 01 06 SUMMARY OF THESIS THESIS OF ECONOMY HANOI - 2022 The project was completed at: ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Science instructor: Assoc Prof Dr Hoang Thi Thanh Nhan Dr Tran Ngoc Ngoan Respondent 1: Assoc Prof Dr To Tuan Nghia Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Thai Quoc Reviewer 3: To Trung Thanh The thesis will be defended before the Academy-level Thesis Judging Committee, meeting at: Academy of Social Sciences At…… hour……minute, date……month……………… Thesis can be found at the library: Library of the Academy of Social Sciences National Library PREAMBLE Urgency of the topic Economic growth is accompanied by an increase in the use of energy in production and life, while fossil fuel resources are in danger of being exhausted and their use has many negative impacts causing climate change climate change (CC), habitat crisis; along with the risk of unsafety of nuclear power plants Faced with that reality, renewable energy development is considered an important solution, contributing to meeting the goals of sustainable economic development (sustainable economic development), environmental protection, and creating prosperity for all parties image in society Purpose and research tasks of the thesis 2.1 Research purposes Analyzing the reality of RE development, the impact of RE development on sustainable economic development in some Asian countries, thereby drawing lessons for Vietnam 2.2 Research mission Systematize the theoretical basis Analyzing the potential and current situation, challenges, policies in RE development, the impact of RE development on sustainable economic development in China, Korea, Japan, drawing experiences, thereby proposing solutions for renewable energy development for sustainable economic development in Vietnam The object and scope of the thesis's research The object is RE development, the impact of RE development on sustainable economic development in some Asian countries Research scope: In terms of content: The thesis only studies solar energy, wind energy and biomass energy In terms of time: from 2006 to present Space: China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam Approach and research methods of the thesis 4.1 Approach Approach of sustainable development, international economy 4.2 Research Methods Case study, synthesis, analysis combined with synthesis, analysis and comparison 4.3 Data and materials Inheritance of previously proven documents New scientific contributions of the thesis 5.1 New theoretical contributions Systematize some theoretical issues on renewable energy development and its impact on sustainable economic development 5.2 New practical contributions Proposing solutions to develop renewable energy for sustainable economic development in Vietnam Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis 6.1 Theoretical meaning The thesis is a useful reference source in the field of economics and renewable energy 6.2 Practical significance The thesis is a research that responds to the current development practice in the world as well as in Vietnam, which is sustainable economic development Structure of the thesis Chapter 1: Overview of research related to the thesis Chapter 2: Theoretical basis of renewable energy development for sustainable economic development Chapter 3: Developing renewable energy for sustainable economic development in some Asian countries: China, Korea, Japan Chapter 4: Some solutions to develop renewable energy for sustainable economic development in Vietnam Chapter RELATED RESEARCH SITUATION OVERVIEW GO TO THE THESIS 1.1 Domestic and foreign studies on renewable energy development in China, Korea and Japan Although there have been many studies on RE development in China, Korea, Japan, but there is no study to draw experience on RE development associated with sustainable economic development and suggestions for Vietnam 1.2 Domestic and foreign studies on renewable energy development in Vietnam Although there are many researches on renewable energy development in Vietnam, which introduce foreign experiences, it is not clear and in-depth 1.3 Review of research overview 1.3.1 Agreed Points Provide theoretical basis for renewable energy development and its impacts on sustainable economic development Potential assessment, overview of the current status of renewable energy development of some Asian countries 1.3.2 Remaining issues need further research The above studies only mentioned challenges in RE development without any specific solutions None of these studies draw lessons from the experience of renewable energy development in association with sustainable economic development and make suggestions for Vietnam 1.3.3 Issues that the thesis will go into depth to solve Continue to research on the potential, current situation, challenges, policies of RE development, the impact of RE development on sustainable economic development in some Asian countries, drawing experience for Vietnam Conclusion Chapter Chapter THEORETICAL BASIS ON RENEWAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT FOR THE SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 2.1 Theoretical foundations of renewable energy development 2.1.1 Concept, characteristics and conditions for RE development 2.1.1 Concept Renewable energy is energy derived from natural processes of the Earth, which is not finite or unusable and has little negative impact on the environment 2.1.2 Characteristics of renewable energy Renewable energy is limitless Renewable energy is an energy source derived from nature, friendly to the environment, and less polluting Renewable energy is much more efficient than using traditional energy Renewable energy can provide new prospects for the countryside, contributing to the fight against poverty Defect, Renewable energy has low stability Renewable energy has a very high initial investment cost, leading to high prices 2.1.3 Conditions for renewable energy development The development of renewable energy depends on the following conditions, including: Geographical location, Investment capital, national finance, Power transmission grid system, Engineering and technology, human resources, Development policy, Government and community awareness 2.1.2 Challenges in the development of renewable energy The development of renewable energy faces a series of challenges, including: First, cost and price Second, about the implementation and construction of renewable energy projects Third, the misconceptions about renewable energy Fourth, subsidies for traditional energy Fifth, on finance and policy Sixth, about infrastructure and grid connection 2.1.3 Renewable energy policy Including a series of policies such as: FiT subsidy policy, renewable energy standard (RPS), transport biofuel policy, financial support, power sector restructuring policy, policy on mini grid and independent power system, distributed power generation policy, rural electrification policy, energy bidding 2.2 Theoretical foundations of sustainable economic development 2.2.1 Concept Sustainable economic development: is the process of achieving stable and steady economic growth, ensuring macroeconomic stability 2.2.2 Criteria for assessing sustainable economic development Sustainable economic development is when GDP growth must be at 7% a year or more for a long period of more than 20 years, creating jobs, reducing resource consumption, improving technology, and reducing costs to improve economic performance high productivity, reducing gas emissions causing environmental pollution 2.2.3 The impact of renewable energy development on sustainable economic development The thesis only evaluates the impact of renewable energy development on sustainable economic development: economic growth, job creation, reduction of resource consumption 2.3 Analytical framework of the thesis Figure 2.1 Analytical framework of the thesis Conclusion of chapter Chapter RENEWAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SOME ASIA COUNTRIES 3.1 Developing renewable energy for sustainable economic development in China 3.1.1 Potential and current situation International and domestic context on sustainable economic development In the context that fossil resources are increasingly depleted, the environment is polluted, climate change is taking place on a global scale, seriously affecting the living environment China, a developing nation, is faced with a devastating reality: its energy needs will not be met by the nation's fossil fuel resources Facing international and domestic requirements for sustainable economic development, China has given priority to promoting the development of renewable energy Solar China is the country with the largest solar energy potential in the world, producing up to 1,330 GW per year By investing hundreds of billions of dollars in solar power, China has secured itself as a world leader for the next decades [18] Wind energy With a large land area and long coastline, China has huge wind energy resources By the end of the year, wind power capacity in China reached 281,993 MW Table 3.1 China's wind energy capacity and output Year Capacity (MW) Output (GWh) 2006 2.599 3.675 2007 5.912 5.710 2008 12.200 14.800 2009 16.000 26.900 2010 31.100 44.622 2011 46.355 71.653 2012 61.597 103.013 2013 76.731 138.558 2014 96.819 160.206 2015 131.048 185.965 2016 148.517 242.388 2017 164.374 305.015 2018 184.665 366.452 2019 209.582 406.560 2020 281.993 466.500 (Source: [67], [121], [124], [128], [138], [93]) Biomass energy The production of biomass energy in China is also a strategic content to ensure energy security By the end of 2020, biomass power capacity in China reached 18,687 MW 3.1.2 Challenges in renewable energy development in China The development of renewable energy for sustainable economic development in China faces a number of challenges including: First, on the power grid infrastructure Second, about the effectiveness of government subsidies Third, about the harmful effects of solar cells on the living environment Fourth, about solar water heater technology Fifth, about the lack of high technology Sixth, the cost of raw materials to produce biomass electricity 3.1.3 Renewable energy development policy in China Policy successes: Firstly, promulgate the Law on Renewable Energy in 2006 Second, promulgate the FIT renewable energy subsidy policy Table 3.4 Korea's wind energy capacity and output Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Capacity (MW) 190 193 298 333 367 425 464 576 612 847 067 215 420 494 636 Output (GWh) 239 376 436 685 817 863 917 149 146 342 683 169 465 680 985 [Source: 93] Biomass energy Table 3.6.Capacity, production of biomass energy in Korea Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Capacity (MW) 194 197 192 601 729 745 348 387 543 726 Output (GWh) 101 104 256 606 683 735 087 508 464 125 [Source: 230] Korea's biomass is highly dependent on imported raw materials According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Korea became the third largest importer of wood pellets in the world in 2018 3.2.2 Challenges in Korea's renewable energy development First, the lack of strong incentives to attract investment, Second, increasing losses from the traditional energy industry Third, the budget for RE development comes from the central government through subsidies to the local budget Fourth, renewable energy due to high installation costs and limited land fund Fifth, monopoly power industry Sixth, the distance between RE projects and distant destinations Saturday, it is difficult to compete due to high prices Eighth, lack of high technology Ninth, there is no readiness to convert to RE Tenth, public approval is not high 3.2.3 Korea's renewable energy development policy Policy successes: First, promulgate the FIT electricity price mechanism in 2002 Second, promulgate the RPS Renewable Energy Ratio Standard Third, the Renewable Energy Standards (RFS) policy Fourth, implement other programs and projects Fifth, invest in renewable energy research and development Sixth, raise awareness about the benefits of renewable energy Seventh, attract private investment Eighth, promote investment abroad Limitations of the policy: Firstly, the application of environmental tax is still low, so it has not created an environment to promote RE development Second, the electricity price subsidy may lead to a decrease in the competitiveness of the domestic RE market 3.2.4 Impact of renewable energy development on sustainable economic development in Korea The development of renewable energy in Korea creates new engines for economic development, creates jobs, reduces resource consumption, reduces emissions, improves energy security, and meets the SDGs 3.3 Developing renewable energy for sustainable economic development in Japan 3.3.1 Potential and current situation International and domestic context on sustainable economic development In the context of fossil resources being increasingly depleted, the environment is polluted Japan gets about 80% of its oil from imports The development of renewable energy is considered an urgent task Solar Table 3.7.Solar energy capacity and output of Japan Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Capacity (MW) 709 919 144 627 618 914 632 13 599 23 339 34 150 42 040 49 500 56 162 63 192 68 665 Output (GWh) 695 890 015 604 598 839 613 12 880 22 952 34 802 45 761 55 068 62 668 68 953 71 685 (Source: [83], [93]) Solar power has become an important national priority since Japan changed its policy towards renewable energy following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster Wind energy Japan is a country with mountainous terrain, so the development of onshore wind energy is limited, only about 144 GW Instead, there is the advantage of developing offshore wind energy Table 3.8 Wind energy capacity and output of Japan Year Capacity (MW) Output (GWh) 2006 309 530 2007 538 968 2008 882 537 2009 186 980 2010 375 462 2011 419 677 2012 562 838 2013 646 187 2014 753 217 2015 808 580 2016 247 166 2017 483 490 2018 498 481 2019 951 673 2020 371 026 (Source: [93] https://www.irena.org) Biomass energy Biomass became the third largest source of renewable energy in Japan in 2019 However, it is a form of energy that does not come cheap As of the end of 2019, biomass capacity reached 506 MW Table 3.9 Biomass energy capacity, production in Japan Year Capacity (MW) Output (GWh) 2011 780 12 727 2012 475 13 075 2013 514 14 419 2014 630 15 377 2015 901 16 003 2016 213 17 611 2017 608 20 261 2018 033 21 497 2019 506 27 208 2020 865 31 525 (Source: [93] https://www.irena.org) 3.3.2 Challenges in renewable energy development in Japan First, the financial challenge Second, about the grid system Third, the challenge of clearance Fourth, geographical obstacles Fifth, lack of equipment, high technology Sixth, lack of linkage between power companies 3.3.3 Policy on renewable energy development in Japan Policy successes: Firstly, support loans to buy houses using renewable energy Second, the RE target is to reach 24% of demand by 2030 Third, in 2011 the FIT subsidy policy was applied Fourth, set a goal to achieve net-zero by 2050 Fifth, apply environmental tax Sixth, invest in research and development Seventh, implement decentralization Eighth, attracting private investment Ninth, develop heat and heating policies Tenth, raising awareness about the benefits of RE Limitations of the policy: Firstly, there have not been any breakthrough policies to promote RE development, leading to a slow growth rate Second, the application of FiT shifts the burden on the Government and the end consumers, so it needs to be improved accordingly 3.3.4 Impact of renewable energy development on sustainable economic development in Japan Renewable energy development plays an important role in ensuring energy security, creating jobs, thereby increasing income, reducing resource consumption, protecting the environment, and meeting the goal of sustainable economic development 3.4 Experience in renewable energy development of China, Korea and Japan 3.4.1 Common experiences Set long-term RE development goals Apply the FIT subsidy policy for renewable energy Apply environmental tax Focus on investment in research and development Attract private investment Promote investment abroad, take advantage of international funding Raise awareness about the benefits of renewable energy 3.4.2 The unique experiences of each country China's experience Promulgating the Law on Renewable Energy in 2006, making use of the surface of the lake, openly bidding for renewable energy projects, placing biomass projects near areas with abundant raw materials Korean experience The Mechanism Board of the RPS Renewable Rate Standard, the Renewable Energy Standard (RFS) stipulates that the proportion of biofuels for transportation must contain the amount of biofuel Japanese experience Support for loans to buy houses using RE, change a number of Laws related to RE development, set a goal to reach net-zero by 2050 Develop policies on heat and heating with RE Conclusion of chapter Chapter SOME SOLUTIONS TO DEVELOP RENEWAL ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM 4.1 Current status of renewable energy development for sustainable economic development in Vietnam International and domestic context on sustainable economic development In the context that fossil resources are increasingly depleted, the environment is polluted, climate change is taking place fiercely on a large scale Global In Vietnam, since 2012 there is a shortage of energy and has to be imported Against that background, it is necessary to promote the development of renewable energy Solar Vietnam has great potential to develop solar energy due to its large number of sunny hours The average radiation intensity is about 4.5kWh/m2/day, equivalent to 43.9 million tons of oil/year Wind energy According to the World Bank's assessment, Vietnam is the country with the largest wind potential among the four countries in the region According to the report of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, by the end of September 2020, the total installed capacity of wind power reached 485 MW Biomass energy With the characteristics of being an agricultural country, Vietnam has a very large source of biomass raw materials By the end of September 2020, the total installed capacity of biomass electricity reached 169 MW 4.2 Challenges in renewable energy development in Vietnam Firstly, about mechanisms and policies Second, about economics and finance Third, lack of market information: Fourth, technology problems Fifth, social support 4.3 Vietnam's renewable energy development policy National electricity development planning period 2021 - 2030, vision to 2045 (Power planning VIII) in Decision No 1264/QD-TTg dated October 1, 2019; Resolution No 55-NQ/TW dated February 11, 2020 of the Politburo on orientations of Vietnam's national energy development strategy to 2030, with a vision to 2045; Decision No 1658QD-TTg dated October 1, 2021 on the National Strategy on Green Growth in the 20212030 period, with a vision to 2050 4.4 Impact of renewable energy development on sustainable economic development in Vietnam The development of renewable energy contributes to creating added value, the GDP scale increases 2.4 times, from 116 billion USD in 2010 to 268.4 billion USD in 2020; 60% reduction in imported fuel, Investment in renewable energy creates more than 465,000 new jobs in the future 4.5 Some solutions to promote renewable energy development in Vietnam Firstly, continue to develop a target of how much % of the total national energy supply will be covered by renewable energy Second, develop a RE pricing policy in line with the socio-economic development policy, and promote the RE bidding mechanism Third, tax incentives for renewable energy sectors, environmental tax for areas with high emission levels Fourth, provide preferential credit packages to create a financial mechanism, focus on R&D, and promote technology transfer Fifth, increase the Government's capital for infrastructure investment, promote the attraction of private capital, and form the renewable energy market Sixth, consider amending the Electricity Law in the direction of allowing the socialization, formulation and promulgation of the Renewable Energy Law Seventh, strengthen State management in RE development, with unity from central to local Eighth, take advantage of international funding, raise awareness about RE Conclusion Chapter CONCLUDE Facing the increasing demand for energy supply to serve the process of economic growth in the direction of industrialization and modernization, while energy sources from fossil fuels such as coal, oil, Natural gas is gradually depleted due to human overexploitation Moreover, the economic development based on fossil fuel sources has caused problems of environmental pollution, water source, increased CO2 emissions causing the greenhouse effect, causing global warming leading to climate change taking place in the world the world brings dangers that threaten human life and cause cause heavy economic losses Along with the safety issue from nuclear plants and geopolitical uncertainties has created concerns about the instability of energy supplies in the future In that context, the development of renewable energy sources, replacing traditional fuel sources in areas including: power generation, hot water heating, motor fuel and independent rural electricity system, is defined as The inevitable trend in the world today, contributing to economic benefits, reducing dependence on fossil fuel sources, reducing greenhouse effect, protecting the environment, ensuring energy security for the sake of sustainable economic development The transition to renewable energy helps developed countries realize their greenhouse gas reduction goals, and also helps rural, remote and isolated areas in developing countries have the opportunity to access the average with available natural resources, creating fair competition opportunities for local businesses, which helps poor countries gradually move towards a more prosperous society Renewable energy in general brings economic, social and environmental benefits Each specific type of renewable energy will be an arrow hitting many targets thanks to multiple benefits at the same time Installing floating solar panels on reservoirs can reduce freshwater loss through evaporation in areas suffering from water shortages in developing countries Installing solar panels on agricultural fields will increase income for farmers and increase the harvest of shade-loving crops Or the use of algae to produce biofuels Science creates energy and cleans up the polluted river itself However, widespread RE development can cause many problems, especially when relevant plans are not well implemented such as developing mechanisms and policies to attract investment, upgrading and building new infrastructure, power transmission lines, training highly qualified human resources In addition, the implementation of renewable energy requires a large amount of land resources, leading to land conflicts between investors and the interests of local people and the right to freely access wild lands In addition, cutting down trees, clearing land, paving the way for renewable energy installations increases deforestation rates, causes biodiversity loss, and in some cases, incentives themselves Renewable energy causes an increase in global emissions as forests are cut down for firewood to maintain power generators It is these things that create a huge challenge that requires each country to make calculations, consider, come up with a roadmap and specific steps, suitable to its conditions and ensure the general trend in the world China, Korea, and Japan are all resource-poor countries, so fossil energy consumption depends on about 90% of imports When fossil energy is increasingly depleted, prices are increasing, not to mention the harmful effects of fossil energy use on human health and the environment, these countries have constantly improved their efficiency use energy and switch to developing renewable energy sources Vietnam with the advantage of geographical location such as having a long coastline, belonging to the tropical monsoon area with a high number of sunshine hours in a year, is also a country with a lot of waste from agricultural development, so it has potential to The development of solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy is huge From Vietnam's RE development practice and RE development experience in China, Korea, and Japan, we can see that, in order to fully meet the increasing demand of energy supply for sustainable economic development In addition to improving energy efficiency, the development of renewable energy is a central task of the country Therefore, there must be policies and solutions to stimulate the development of the renewable energy industry such as: loan capital, tax incentives, appropriate price policy; upgrade and renovate the infrastructure system, transmission lines to easily connect to the power grid; create conditions on mechanisms and policies for investors, especially administrative procedures, permits, site clearance, land, private investment encouragement; focus on research and development to be able to make good use of renewable energy sources, reduce production costs, and improve efficiency In addition, there should be consistency in management from central to local levels in the management of electricity sector development planning, investment management, land use planning and plans in order to create a favorable environment for promoting the development of the power sector promote renewable energy development This is a lesson for Vietnam to apply in its RE development strategy for the sake of sustainable economic development to soon become one of the countries with a high proportion of RE in total energy consumption in the region However, the development of renewable energy needs to be calculated carefully, ensuring it is suitable with the resources of the country, avoiding the hot and massive development such as solar and wind energy projects in recent times leading to to the situation of not releasing the full capacity of these energy sources because the power grid infrastructure and transmission lines have not been developed commensurately to meet them, causing a lot of waste This is also an issue for future studies By using appropriate research methods on the basis of sticking to the research objectives, the thesis has solved a number of main tasks as follows: The thesis has systematized and clarified some theoretical issues about RE and sustainable economic development such as: concept, classification, characteristics of RE; conditions for RE development, challenges and policies in RE development; the concept of sustainable economic development and the impact of renewable energy development on sustainable economic development The thesis analyzes in depth the potential, current situation, challenges and policies in RE development, as well as the impact of RE development on sustainable economic development in China, Korea, Japan; Drawing lessons from experiences on policies to promote RE development in these countries, from which, the thesis proposes some solutions to develop RE for the sake of sustainable economic development in accordance with specific conditions in Vietnam With the above contributions, the thesis is a useful reference source in research, teaching and learning activities in the fields of economics and renewable energy Research results are the basis for managers and policy makers to refer This is a study that responds to the current development practice in the world as well as in Vietnam, which is sustainable economic development, environmental protection and climate change combat The thesis has pointed out the dangers to human life in the face of the risk of global climate change as a result of the economic development process based mainly on fossil fuels, at the same time affirming the benefits as well as the importance of climate change the importance of renewable energy in sustainable economic development Thereby raising the awareness of the Government and the people about RE to be ready to agree on specific goals, plans and actions in the transition to a low-carbon economy, towards a public society balance, a clean green environment and a happier human life LIST OF WORKS OF THE AUTHOR Hoang Thi Xuan (2021), "Policies to promote the development of solar and wind power in Japan", Asia-Pacific Economic Review (No 592/2021), pp.66-69 Hoang Thi Xuan (2021), “Wind power in Vietnam: Identifying challenges and proposing development solutions”, Industry and Trade magazine (No 16/2021), pp.95-101 Hoang Thi Xuan (2021), "Renewable energy development policy in Korea", Economic and Forecast magazine (No 22/2021), pp.65-67 ... suggestions for Vietnam 1.2 Domestic and foreign studies on renewable energy development in Vietnam Although there are many researches on renewable energy development in Vietnam, which introduce... ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM 4.1 Current status of renewable energy development for sustainable economic development in Vietnam International and domestic context on sustainable... Global In Vietnam, since 2012 there is a shortage of energy and has to be imported Against that background, it is necessary to promote the development of renewable energy Solar Vietnam has great