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Tóm tắt tiếng anh Phát triển nông nghiệp công nghệ cao trong bối cảnh hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế ở tỉnh Hà Nam.Tóm tắt tiếng anh Phát triển nông nghiệp công nghệ cao trong bối cảnh hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế ở tỉnh Hà Nam.Tóm tắt tiếng anh Phát triển nông nghiệp công nghệ cao trong bối cảnh hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế ở tỉnh Hà Nam.Tóm tắt tiếng anh Phát triển nông nghiệp công nghệ cao trong bối cảnh hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế ở tỉnh Hà Nam.Tóm tắt tiếng anh Phát triển nông nghiệp công nghệ cao trong bối cảnh hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế ở tỉnh Hà Nam.Tóm tắt tiếng anh Phát triển nông nghiệp công nghệ cao trong bối cảnh hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế ở tỉnh Hà Nam.Tóm tắt tiếng anh Phát triển nông nghiệp công nghệ cao trong bối cảnh hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế ở tỉnh Hà Nam.
VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES TRINH ANH TUAN DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN HA NAM PROVINCE Major Code :Development Economics : 9.31.01.05 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS HA NOI - 2022 Thesis was completed at: GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Science instructor: Assoc Prof PhD VU THI MINH PhD PHAN VAN HUNG Member 1: Assoc Prof PhD Bui Quang Tuan Member 2: Assoc Prof PhD Hoang Van Hai Member 3: Assoc Prof PhD Duong Van Sao The thesis is defended in front of the doctoral thesis grading committee, held at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences At ……h , date… month … year 2021 The thesis can be found at: National library Library of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences INTRODUCTION Rationale of the study Hi-tech agriculture is the combination and rational application of advanced technologies of the times (information technology, new material technology, biotechnology, nanotechnology) in agriculture That is the selection and creation of new varieties, taking care of and nurturing seedlings by automatic equipment systems, remote control, processing microbial fertilizers for plants, animal feed, aquatic products, and pesticides Applying automatic technology in irrigation, processing technology for livestock and crop products, waste treatment technology for environmental protection, and information technology in management The practice of applying high technology in agricultural production in our country recently shows that there are many participants such as enterprises, cooperatives, cooperative groups and farmer households Over the past time, many models of high-tech application in agriculture have achieved certain success The success of high-tech and smart agriculture application models in many provinces and cities across the country has shown that high-tech agriculture helps farmers reduce dependence on weather and climate, so they can be proactive and expand production scale Applying high technology in production helps to improve labor productivity, product quality, lower product costs, increase the competitiveness of products in the market, and help Vietnamese products reach the world market Ha Nam is a province in the Red River Delta, in the Northern key economic region, a locality with many favorable factors for the development of high-tech agriculture such as: geographical location, diversity of land, topography and soil, favorable hydro-climate conditions, abundant human resources, more likely to receive and apply scientific and technical advances; well-developed socio-economic infrastructure are important factors for the development of a high-tech application of agriculture Over the past time, Ha Nam province has implemented a project to develop high-tech agriculture with the goal of ensuring the quality of agricultural products, traceability of products, and branding of agricultural products Building a safe food chain for agricultural products; Apply advanced technical processes, manage food safety in agricultural production and business Build diverse link models; implementing many policies such as: policies to support agricultural land accumulation, support and advise on procedures for renting land for production, association contracts, and conversion of land use purposes from rice-growing land to growing vegetables, fruit, support production to promote high-tech agriculture development However, the reality of developing high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam in recent years has revealed many great difficulties and limitations such as: agriculture has not yet escaped the low-tech situation, the application of new technologies is limited; production organization is not suitable; human resources for high-tech agriculture are lacking and weak; product quality is not competitive enough in the market The risks of investment, credit, land, infrastructure, and operation management in the high-tech agricultural product chain are still limited The management, support and promotion of the State is still confused; lack of attractive policies to attract economic sectors to invest The problem of area, proportion and value of agricultural production with high technology application is still low compared to the potential of the province, slow and unsustainable development speed Faced with these inadequacies and limitations, finding measures to promote the development of hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province is considered an urgent and meaningful task in both theory and practice in the context of Vietnam's deep integration with the continent and the world Therefore, the author chooses the topic "Development of High-Tech Agriculture in the context of International Economic Integration in Ha Nam Province" for doctoral thesis in order to contribute to building and supplementing theoretical views, solutions to develop high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam in line with the trend of international economic integration in Vietnam in the near future Research objectives and tasks 2.1 Research objectives - General objectives: Approaching from the perspective of development economics, the thesis systematizes the theoretical and practical basis for the development of high-tech agriculture; assess the current situation, identify opportunities, advantages, difficulties and challenges in the context of international economic integration to propose basic solutions to develop hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam in accordance with the province's natural and socio-economic conditions - Specific objectives: + System of theoretical and practical issues on high-tech agricultural development; determining the content, evaluation criteria and factors affecting the development of hi-tech agriculture + Analysis and assessment of the current situation of high-tech agriculture development in Ha Nam province; determine the causes and factors affecting the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam + Assess the context and trend of international economic integration, propose viewpoints, orientations and key solutions for the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam in the upcoming years 2.2 Research tasks - Overview of the research situation related to the thesis topic - Clarifying the theoretical basis for the development of high-tech agriculture, including: Development concept; develop hi-tech agriculture; a number of criteria related to the development of hi-tech agriculture; role; content; factors affecting the development of hi-tech agriculture - Research the practice of high-tech agricultural development of some countries in the world, some localities in Vietnam learn from experience for the development of hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam - Overview of the main characteristics of natural, socio-economic conditions and mechanisms and policies as factors affecting the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam - Analyzing the current situation of high-tech agriculture development in Ha Nam in the period of 2016 - 2020, assessing achievements, limitations and pointing out the causes and problems for the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam - Analyzing the context of international economic integration: opportunities and challenges for the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam, thereby proposing directional views and solutions for the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam to 2030, vision 2035 Subject and scope of research 3.1 Research subject: The main research object of the thesis is the current situation of hi-tech agriculture development in Ha Nam province in recent years (development process; achieved results, shortcomings/problems, main causes of existence/problems) and key solutions to promote the development of hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam in the upcoming years 3.2 Research scope Agriculture and high-tech agriculture is a large and complex field in research both from a theoretical and a practical perspective, therefore, the thesis only delves into research within the scope of this research: - Content scope: The topic focuses on researching the contents of high-tech agricultural development and issues related to the development of high-tech agriculture in crop production, animal husbandry and aquaculture in Ha Nam province Researching solutions for agricultural development with high technology application - Spatial scope: Thesis on research and development of hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province in the context of international economic integration Thesis on practical survey in districts (districts: Duy Tien, Kim Bang, Thanh Liem, Binh Luc, Ly Nhan), 01 city under Ha Nam province (Phu Ly city), in communes with high technology application in agricultural production - Time scope: + Current situation: Collecting and analyzing data for the period from 2016 to 2020 + Future agricultural research and development period 2021-2030, orientation to 2035 Research methods 4.1 Methodological approach The thesis deploys research using the following main approaches: (1) Approach from a territorial point of view (2) Approach from a systems point of view (3) Approach from professions: Agriculture in the province is a combination of many industries (4) Sustainable approach: 4.2 Methods of information collection - Secondary data collection: - Primary data collection: 4.3 Data analysis methods: The author uses Excel software, and SPSS 22 to support data analysis - Descriptive statistics method: - Synthetic analysis method: - SWOT analysis method: 4.4 Thesis analysis framework Research questions (1) What theoretical and practical bases to build orientations and solutions for high-tech agricultural development? (2) What are the conditions for the development of hi-tech agriculture? With the conditions in Ha Nam, what factors will affect the development of hi-tech agriculture? (3) What is the current situation of hi-tech agricultural development in Ha Nam? What are the problems and key solutions that need to be implemented to promote the development of hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam in the context of international economic integration? New contributions of the thesis - The thesis has systematized and generalized to help clarify the concept of hitech agricultural development; point out four main contents of high-tech agriculture development (including development of high-tech agricultural zones and regions; selection of products for high-tech application production; application of scientific and high-tech advances to agricultural production; organization of agricultural production with high technology application); and criteria for evaluating the development of high-tech agriculture and pointed out that there are main factors affecting the development of high-tech agriculture - The thesis has generalized the experience of developing high-tech agriculture in some countries and localities in Vietnam and drawn lessons for Ha Nam province - The thesis has analyzed, evaluated and commented that, in the period 2016-2020, the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province has achieved results such as: Forming 07 high-tech agricultural zones with a total area of 701.08 The total area of agricultural production with high technology application reached 2,558 hectares, accounting for 6.1% of the total area of agricultural production in the province; Select a set of crops and livestock with high economic value to apply high technology to production Many new technologies have been applied, including greenhouse technology, IoT technology, sensor technology; unmanned aerial vehicle; There are 15 enterprises investing in hi-tech agriculture, 15 cooperatives with 5618 households and farms that have applied hi-tech in agricultural production The value of agricultural production with the application of high technology is from 1.6-22 billion VND/ha/year, 1.5-4 times higher than conventional production Profit is from 1.8-4 billion VND/ha/year, 2-4.5 times higher than conventional production - The thesis has shown that the development of hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province in recent years still has some shortcomings and limitations such as the small area of high-tech agricultural production; The number of enterprises, cooperatives and farmer households participating in the application of high technology is still very limited; The high technologies being applied both in the greenhouse area and the outdoor area are still fragmented and not synchronized; Planning and infrastructure outside the zone in some hi-tech agricultural zones are still not synchronized and slow to complete; The efficiency of high-tech agricultural production has not been stable - The thesis has pointed out the main causes of the above problems, including: Limited investment capital for high-tech agriculture; Concentrating land to form hi-tech agricultural zones and linking production still faces many obstacles; Lack of human resources for high-tech agriculture; The output market of hi-tech agriculture is still narrow; Management and operation of the supply chain of high-tech agricultural products is still not tight; International integration in agriculture in Ha Nam is still limited - The thesis has proposed a group of common solutions to develop hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam, including: Continue to improve mechanisms and policies to develop hi-tech agriculture; Complete planning, invest in building infrastructure for hi-tech agriculture; Strengthen the organization and management of hi-tech agricultural development; and Promote linkages among houses in high-tech agricultural development Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis Theoretically: The thesis has introduced the concept of high-tech agriculture development, the thesis specifies contents of high-tech agriculture development including Development of high-tech agricultural zones and regions; Selection of products for production of high-tech applications; Applying scientific and high-tech advances to agricultural production; Organization of high-tech agricultural production; set out criteria to evaluate the development of high-tech agriculture and pointed out that there are main factors affecting the development of high-tech agriculture Practically: The thesis has analyzed and evaluated the development of hightech agriculture in Ha Nam province from 2016 - 2020 according to the contents and criteria identified in the theoretical basis The thesis has detailed the successes and shortcomings of high-tech agricultural development, pointed out the causes of existence On that basis, the thesis has developed views, orientations and solutions to promote the development of hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam in the period up to 2025 and the following years The research results of the thesis are documents for central agencies related to the development of high-tech agriculture, Ha Nam province and localities with similar conditions, to research and refer to serve policy making, implemented in practice to promote the development of high-tech agriculture Structure of the thesis In addition to the Introduction, conclusions and recommendations, references and appendices, the content of the thesis is structured into chapters: Chapter 1: Overview of research situation related to high-tech agricultural development Chapter 2: Theoretical basis and experience on high-tech agricultural development Chapter 3: Current status of hi-tech agriculture development in Ha Nam Chapter 4: Solutions to develop hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 1.1 Overview of published researches at home and abroad related to high-tech agricultural development 1.1.1 Overview of studies abroad Yujiro Hayami (1991), “The agricultural development of Japan” [97] Shoichi Yamashita (Chief author) (1994), “Transfer of Japanese Technology and Management to the ASEAN Countries”, [98] Sukhpal Singh (2002), in “Contracting Out Solutions: Political Economy of Contract Farming in the Indian Punjab” [99] Research work “Strengthening Agriculture and Rural Development for Growth: Policies for Developing Countries in Asia” by Richard Bolt July 2004, [99] made the argument: The application of science and technology to improve crop yields would allow the creation of a surplus of production, primarily food production The surplus produced is sold on the local rural market as a direct output channel Lulian Gonsalves (Chief author) (2005), “Participatory research and development for sustainable agriculture and natural resource management” [101] The World Bank (2005), “Agriculture investment sourcebook: Agriculture and rural development” [102] form local high-tech agricultural zones Eighth, invest in research and application of science and technology and train human resources for high-tech agriculture Chapter CURRENT STATUS OF HI-TECH AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN HA NAM 3.1 Overview of natural, socio-economic characteristics of Ha Nam province that affect the development of high-tech agriculture 3.1.1 Natural features 3.1.1.1 Geographical location Ha Nam is located at geographical coordinates above 20° North latitude and between 105° - 110° East longitude, West - South Red River Delta, in the key economic development region of the North Ha Nam province is more than 50 km from Hanoi capital, is the southern gateway of the capital; It borders Hanoi to the north, Hung Yen and Thai Binh to the east, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh to the south, and Hoa Binh to the west This geographical location creates many advantages for the economic and social development of the province Located on an important NorthSouth traffic axis, the province has National Highway 1A and North-South railway running through with a length of nearly 50 km and other important traffic routes such as National Highway 21, National Highway No 21B, Highway 38 3.1.1.2 Soil conditions, climate Land resources with diverse topography are important resources for the economic development of the province Ha Nam has a natural area of 85.9 thousand hectares, of which agricultural land is 41.9 thousand hectares (accounting for 48.8%), forestry land is 5.2 thousand hectares (accounting for 6.05%) of specialized land using 19.3thousand hectares (accounting for 22.5%) [76] Ha Nam has weather conditions, the climate is characterized by tropical monsoon climate, hot and humid The average annual temperature is about 23 – 24OC, the average number of sunny hours is about 1,300-1,500 hours/year In the year, there are usually - months with average temperature above 20 OC (in which months with average temperature above 25 OC) and only months with average temperature below 20OC, but no month has temperature below 16 OC Two main seasons of the year (summer and winter) with prevailing wind directions: the south, southwest and southeast winds in summer; north, east and northeast winds in winter The average rainfall is about 1,900 mm, the year with the highest rainfall is 3,176 mm (1994), the year with the lowest rainfall is also 1,265 mm (1998) The average annual humidity is 85%, with no month having the average humidity below 77% The month with the highest average humidity of the year is March (95.5%), the month with the lowest average humidity of the year is November (82.5%) 3.1.2 Socio-economic characteristics 3.1.2.1 Economic characteristics In general, in the past period, Ha Nam's economy has made great changes, the economic growth rate is always high, the per capita income of Ha Nam in 2010 is 870.2 USD by 2016 is 1,905.9 USD, [19, page.55] to 2018 is approximately 2050 USD [118] This shows that Ha Nam's internal strength has changed, creating momentum for the upcoming development in all fields 3.1.2.2 Social characteristics According to statistics, Ha Nam's population in 2020 is 811,126 people, with a population density of 941 people/km 2, a natural increase rate is 1.14%/year In which, the rural population is 742,660 people, the population living in urban areas is 68,466 people (accounting for only 8.5%) The number of people of working age in the province in 2019 was 479,949 (in which 240,735 women), accounting for 58.5% of the population The number of workers regularly participating in the national economy is nearly 407.7 thousand people, accounting for nearly 85% of the province's labor source The majority of employees are educated, capable of receiving and applying scientific, technical and technological advances An abundant scientific and technical workforce with about 11,900 people with college, university and graduate degrees (accounting for 3% of the workforce) includes: 34 graduate degrees, 4,250 bachelors, colleges 7,240 people 3.1.3 Advantages and disadvantages for high-tech agricultural development From the above-mentioned natural, socio-economic characteristics, Ha Nam province has the following advantages in developing high-tech agriculture: - Located near the large agricultural product consumption market of the Red River Delta region is Hanoi capital with about million people, about 10 times larger than the population of the intra-provincial market of Ha Nam At the same time, Hanoi is also a market with high-income customers - Road and railway traffic is developed, convenient to bring agricultural products to the market in Hanoi and neighboring provinces - The land and fields are flat, favorable for the application of agricultural mechanization - However, the development of high-tech agriculture in the locality also has some main difficulties as follows: - Agricultural land allocated to farming households is very fragmented and scattered, while high-tech agricultural production requires a concentrated, large enough and stable area to organize production and applications effective high technology - The income and living standards of local farmers are not high, so the ability to invest capital to develop hi-tech agriculture is still limited 3.2 Current status of hi-tech agriculture development in Ha Nam 3.2.1 Status of development of hi-tech agricultural production zones and regions Table 2: Approved hi-tech agricultural zones in Ha Nam province for the period 2016-4/2020 No Hi-tech application agricultural zone the area Planning Area has assigned Agricultural Time and area accumulated to the enterprises applying form of land business (hectare) (hectare) high technology lease (hectare) 13 Xuan Khe Nhan Binh Nhan Khang 254,4 118,37 180,78 180,78 Renting land from people for 20 years 21,4 Ha Nam High Tech Agricultural Development And Investment Joint Stock Company Renting land from people for 20 years 1,86 Bejo Vietnam Co., Ltd Renting land from people for 03 years 23,26 Dong Du An My 121,73 0 Liem Tiet 19,97 19,97 Phu Van 2,4 2,4 2,4 Thanh Nguyen 40 0 556,87 226,41 206,44 Total VinEco Company (Expected) T&T Group Joint Stock Company (Expected) T&T Group Joint Stock Company Phu Van Hi-tech Agriculture Joint Stock Company Vinamilk Company Renting land from people for 20 years Withdrawal, site clearance Land lease with annual rental payment (project period is 50 years) Source: Management board of hi-tech agricultural zone in Ha Nam province [5] 3.2.2 The current situation of selecting agricultural products for high-tech application Table 3: Agricultural products that have been produced in hi-tech agricultural zones NO Enterprise VinEco Company Area of land allocat ed (ha) 180,78 Area of land produce d (ha) 131 Area of traffic and infrastruct ure works (ha) 44,78 Area of unpro duced land (ha) Type of agricultural products Leafy greens, cabbage, kohlrabi, cucumber, tomato (outdoor) Cucumbers (greenhouse) Tomatoes (greenhouse) Ha Nam High Tech Agricultural 21,4 20 1,4 Watermelon (greenhouse) Development And Investment Joint Stock Company Phu Van Hi-tech Agriculture Joint Stock Company Japonica rice, sweet corn, pumpkin (outdoor) 2,4 1,5 0,1 Bejo Vietnam Co., Ltd 1,86 1,5 0.36 Total 206,44 154 46,64 0,8 Orchid Ho Diep (greenhouse) Lilies (greenhouse) Rose (greenhouse) Testing and demonstration of some fruit and vegetable varieties 5,8 Source: [5] and author's survey 3.2.3 Current status of high technology application in agricultural production 3.2.3.1 Applying new varieties The application of plant and animal varieties produced by high-tech processes has been focused on developing in Ha Nam in recent years The survey results are shown in Table below (Details are in tables C6.1; C6.2; C6.3 in the Appendix) Table 4: Results of applying high-tech plant varieties and animals Unit: % Content Response rate Response rate apply does not apply Using high-tech plant varieties 59,3 34,7 Using high-tech livestock breeds 66,7 33,3 Using other high-tech varieties 52,5 47,5 (aquaculture ) Source: Author's calculation from SPSS.22 based on survey results 3.2.3.2 Application of high technology in farming stages a) Application of mechanization in production: b) Applying information technology, automation and standard production processes 3.2.4 Reality of hi-tech agricultural production organization 3.2.4.1 Forms of production organization a) Agricultural enterprises applying high technology In agricultural zones applying high technology, by 2021, there are 04 enterprises that have been organizing production on the leased land for production of 206.43 hectares, of which 180.77 hectares are in Xuan Khe area - Nhan Binh; 23.26 in Nhan Khang area; 2.4 hectares in Phu Van area Detail: * VinEco Company * Ha Nam High Tech Agricultural Development and Investment Joint Stock Company * Phu Van Hi-tech Agriculture Joint Stock Company * Bejo Vietnam Co., Ltd b) High-tech agricultural cooperatives By the end of 2020, there were 15 cooperatives applying high technology to production, accounting for 6.33% of the total number of agricultural cooperatives in the province The existing high-tech application cooperatives are all specialized cooperatives, in which there are farming cooperatives, livestock cooperatives and fisheries cooperatives (Table 11, 12) c) Households and farms apply high technology in agricultural production The number of farms in Ha Nam province in the past years has tended to decrease, decreasing from 1071 farms in 2016, to 1032 farms in 2017, to only 739 farms in 2018 (Figure 1) 3.2.4.2 Linking in production and consumption of high-tech agricultural products In order to support capital for enterprises, cooperatives and individual farmer households engaged in hi-tech agricultural production, over the years, commercial banks and cooperative support funds have provided loans with a total amount of over 12 billion dong; lending interest rates are 0.5 - 1.5%/year lower than normal lending rates [67] 3.2.5 The results and effectiveness of high-tech agriculture development 3.2.5.1 Value of agricultural production applying high technology 3.3 Factors affecting the development of high-tech agriculture 3.3.1 State and local high-tech agricultural development policies are promulgated relatively synchronously 3.3.1.1 State policy 3.3.1.2 Ha Nam's own mechanisms and policies 3.3.2 The planning and infrastructure of high-tech agricultural zones are still incomplete and synchronous 3.3.3 Limited investment capital for high-tech agriculture Table 17: Average capital and labor in agricultural enterprises in Ha Nam province in the period 2010 – 2016 Total capital Year Note Total number of (million dong) employees (Person) 2010 754.319 4.984 2011 744.031 4.050 2012 775.097 4.297 2013 719.688 3.475 2014 1.195.577 3.320 2015 1.142.529 2.456 2016 1.186.350 2.558 Source: Ha Nam Statistical Office [19, page 109, 138] 3.3.4 Concentrating land to develop hi-tech agriculture still faces many problems Table 19 Results of land accumulation and concentration of Ha Nam 2018 – 2019 Unit: Gain the District, Plans for 2018 – Results in 2018 ratio % city 2019 2019 Duy Tien 270 269,2 99,7 Kim Bang 320 298,8 93,4 Ly Nhan 270 396,1 146,7 Binh Luc 300 414,9 138,3 Thanh Liem 240 240,3 100,1 Phu Ly 100 238,4 238,4 Total 1.500 1.857,6 123,8 Source: Management Board of Ha Nam High-tech Agricultural Park [4,5] 3.3.5 Human resources for high-tech agriculture are limited Table 20 Proportion of trained workers aged 15 and over in Ha Nam province Targets 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 The whole country 14,6 19,9 20,6 21,4 21,9 Red River Delta Region 20,7 27,5 28,4 29,8 30,5 Ha Nam province 13,9 16,5 16,3 20,2 20,3 Source: General Statistics Office, [67] 3.3.6 The output market is still narrow and requires high quality 3.3.7 Management and operation of the supply chain of high-tech agricultural products is still not strict 3.3.8 International integration in agriculture in Ha Nam is still limited 3.4 General assessment of the development of hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province 3.4.1 These achievements In general, the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province in the period 2016-June 2021 has achieved the following results: - 07 high-tech agricultural zones have been formed with a total area of 701.08 ha, accounting for 1.67% of the province's agricultural production land area (41.9 thousand ha) Including production areas under the linkage chain with high technology application in some farming stages located outside the hi-tech agricultural zone, the total production area with high technology application in the province is about 2,558 (including 1857 hectares outside the zone and 701.08 hectares in the zone), accounting for 6.1% of the total agricultural production area of the province 3.4.2 Existings/limitations and causes In addition to the above achievements, the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province in recent years still has the following shortcomings/limitations: No - The agricultural production area applying high technology is limited, accounting for about 6.1% of the province's agricultural production area The number of enterprises, cooperatives and farmer households engaged in high-tech agricultural production is still very limited - High technology that has been applied in agricultural production is still fragmented, sporadic and not synchronized (both in greenhouses, membrane house, and outdoor production zones) - Out-of-zone planning and infrastructure in some high-tech agricultural zones are still not synchronize and incomplete; Infrastructure investment in the area requires a high amount of capital, so it is not attractive for enterprises to invest in agricultural production with high technology application - The efficiency of high-tech agricultural production is much higher than that of conventional production, but it is still unstable, production has potential risks of natural disasters and epidemics, so businesses and households are not assured of investment 3.5 Problems for Ha Nam's hi-tech agricultural development Firstly, how to solve the problem of planning high-tech agricultural zones and supporting policies for the development of high-tech agriculture? Second, how to mobilize investment capital for high-tech agriculture? Third, training human resources for high-tech agriculture? Fourth, technology selection, research and technology transfer? Fifth, the sustainability of the value chain in high-tech agricultural production? Sixth, the scale of high-tech agricultural producers Seventh, agricultural insurance problem? Chapter SOLUTIONS TO DEVELOP HI-TECH AGRICULTURE IN HA NAM PROVINCE 4.1 The basis for proposing orientation and solutions 4.1.1 International and domestic context 4.1.1.1 Interational context First, the world economic development is facing many challenges from political fluctuations in some countries and regions Second, international economic integration is forced to comply with commitments on taxes, tariffs and markets when the participation in free trade agreements of countries in the coming years tends to increase leading to increased competition in global agricultural markets Third, in the context of globalization, international integration and increasing linkages, the fact that many countries have been implementing the transformation of growth models in accordance with the socio-economic characteristics of each country also has certain impacts on the agricultural development of other countries, especially developing countries that rely on agriculture and export agricultural products like Vietnam Fourth, the modern scientific and technological revolution, especially information technology, biotechnology and a number of fields of science and technology continues to develop in depth, which has had a large impact on the restructuring of the economy, resulting in the redistribution of labor Fifth, climate change has a direct impact on agriculture The sectors and sectors that are most vulnerable and strongly affected by climate change are: water resources, agriculture and food security Sixth, monitoring activities for product quality, quality standards and production processes of agricultural products tend to increase Currently, trade control and food safety and hygiene control systems are increasingly being supplemented and perfected, research shows that there are currently more than 400 standards of food safety and hygiene control and production processes being applied [47, p.228] 4.1.1.2 Domestic context Vietnam will be located in a vibrant area of the world agricultural product market, thus having conditions to access the market and increase trade in agricultural products with other markets The markets of developing countries are often easygoing and low-protection markets, which will provide market access opportunities for Vietnam's agricultural products Disadvantages: The market of developing countries is a market with low average incomes, high demand but low solvency, the main demand is to ensure food security, so the quality and price of agricultural products are not high, reducing the benefits of Vietnamese agricultural products The relative advantages of Vietnamese agricultural products will be limited by the similarity of products in the same natural area and labor costs At the same time, exports are mainly through government contracts, so they mainly export raw agricultural products, less processed 4.1.2 Assessment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges in the development of hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province On the basis of the analysis and assessment of relevant resources, the current situation of agricultural development in Ha Nam province, the author applies the SWOT method to build a matrix system to analyze the opportunities and challenges in the development of the province's hi-tech agricultural sector The objective of making a SWOT analysis matrix is to find a way to combine strengths and threats (S - T), weaknesses and opportunities (W - O) in order to make the best use of strengths, exploit opportunities, overcome weaknesses and best deal with challenges in the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province 4.2 Perspectives and orientation for the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province 4.2.1 High-tech agriculture development perspective First, the development of high-tech agriculture must be placed in the overall goal of the strategy to restructure the province's agriculture Second, the development of hi-tech agriculture must be based on the comparative advantages of the locality Third, the development of high-tech agriculture must be associated with the international market and aim to participate in the global value chain Fourth, the development of high-tech agriculture must be in line with the development trend of modern science and technology Fifth, high agricultural development must aim to recruit local workers and ensure the ecological environment for sustainable development Sixth, the high-tech agricultural development planning must be closely studied in the general relationship of the local socio-economic development master plan and other specialized plans 4.2.2 Objectives and orientations for the development of hi-tech agriculture 4.2.2.1 The goal of developing high-tech agriculture The overall goal of Ha Nam's agriculture needs to be determined: Building a modern and sustainable development of agriculture with increased added value; rational restructuring within the agricultural sector, increasing the proportion of processing and services; improving the value of products, income and living standards of workers in rural areas in general and farmers in particular Focus on developing a number of key agricultural products of the province; changing the traditional mode of production - consumption to the method of linking the value chain with key products In which, the target of each specific period is determined to 2025: Average growth rate for the period 2021 - 2025: 4.0%/year (at 2010 constant prices) Industry structure: Cultivation - forestry 30.0%; Livestock - aquaculture 60.0%; Agricultural services 10.0% (at current prices) Production value on arable land: The average production value of cultivation reaches 350 million VND/ha The average production value of aquaculture is 500 million VND/ha (according to current prices) Orientation to 2030: The average growth rate of production value in the period 2026 - 2030 will reach 3.5%/year (according to 2010 constant prices) Industry structure: Cultivation forestry 25.0%; Livestock - fishery 64.5%; Agricultural services 10.5% (at current prices) Production value per cultivated area: 500 million VND/ha/year (at current prices) 4.2.2.2 Orientation of hi-tech agriculture development Firstly, strongly transform the structure of the agricultural sector, reduce the production of rice, upland maize, increase crops with high added value, increase livestock, change the structure of input factors (improving labor productivity by increasing machines, increasing knowledge content by applying high technology), increase capital, change the way land is used, change the organization of agricultural services, change farming methods and management to transform agriculture from a natural exploitation industry into a rational and efficient use industry towards green growth; in cultivation, select crops with high economic value Second, promote the restructuring of the cropping industry in the direction of developing large-scale, concentrated production associated with preservation, processing and consumption along the value chain on the basis of promoting the province's comparative advantage products Third, change the small and scattered livestock production to the development of concentrated and industrial-scale livestock production; develop farm animal husbandry and household farming in the form of industry, apply appropriate breeding techniques and technologies to create livelihood opportunities for farmer households Fourth, strongly attract domestic and foreign enterprises to invest in the development of hi-tech agriculture, transforming the form of small and scattered agricultural production into concentrated development and industrial scale Promote linkages in agricultural production along production chains, supply chains and value chains of agricultural products 4.3 Main solutions to develop hi-tech agriculture in Ha Nam 4.3.1 Group of common solutions 4.3.1.1 Completing mechanisms and policies to develop hi-tech agriculture 4.3.1.2 Complete planning, invest in building infrastructure for hi-tech agriculture 4.3.1.3 Strengthen the organization and management of hi-tech agricultural development 4.3.1.4 Promoting linkages between houses in high-tech agricultural development 4.3.1.5 Strengthening environmental protection and adapting to climate change 4.3.2 Group of specific solutions for high-tech agricultural development 4.3.2.1 Continue to develop hi-tech agricultural production regions and zones 4.3.2.2 Complete the list of high-tech agricultural products 4.3.2.3 Promote the application of high technology in agricultural production 4.3.2.4 Strengthening the role of enterprises in organising high-tech agricultural production 4.3.2.5 Attract investment in agriculture and hi-tech agriculture 4.3.2.6 Promote and expand the market for high-tech agricultural products 4.3.2.7 Developing human resources for high-tech agricultural development CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS In the period 2016-2020, the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province has achieved the following results: (1) 07 high-tech agricultural zones have been formed with a total area of 701.08 ha, accounting for 1.67% of agricultural land area of the province The total area of agricultural production with high technology application reached 2,558 hectares, accounting for 6.1% of the total area of agricultural production in the area; (2) Selected a set of plants and animals of high economic value to apply high technology in production High-tech agricultural zones with high efficiency become demonstration models to promote the application of science and technology in agricultural production; (3) Many new technologies have been applied, including greenhouse technology, greenhouse technology, IoT technology, sensor technology; drones; (4) Attracted 15 enterprises to invest in hightech agriculture, 15 cooperatives (accounting for 6.33% of the total number of agricultural cooperatives) with 5618 households and farms (accounting for 7.4% of the total number of households, farms in local apply high technology in some stages of cultivation High-tech agricultural enterprises become focal points to promote linkages of cooperation and innovation organization of production in agriculture (5) The value of agricultural production applying high technology is from 1.622 billion VND/ha/year, 1.5-4 times higher than conventional production Profit is from 1.8-4 billion VND/ha/year, 2-4.5 times higher than conventional production However, the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province in past years still has some shortcomings and limitations as follows: (i) The agricultural production area applying high technology is still low; The number of enterprises, cooperatives and farmer households participating in the application of high technology is still very limited; (ii) The high technologies being applied both in the greenhouse area and the outdoor area are still fragmented and not synchronized; (iii) Planning and infrastructure outside the area in some high-tech agricultural zones are still not synchronized and incomplete; (iv) The efficiency of high-tech agricultural production is not stable The above shortcomings and limitations are due to the following main reasons: (1) Investment capital for high-tech agriculture is still limited; (2) Concentrating land to form hi-tech agricultural zones and linking production still faces many obstacles; (3) Lack of human resources for high-tech agriculture; The output market of high-tech agriculture is still narrow; (4) Management and operation of the supply chain of high-tech agricultural products is still not tight; (5) International integration in agriculture in Ha Nam is still limited From the analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges in the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam province, the Thesis has proposed views, orientations and groups of solutions to develop high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam The general solution group includes: (1) Continue to complete mechanisms and policies for the development of high-tech agriculture; (2) Completing planning, investing in building infrastructure for high-tech agriculture; (3) Strengthen the organization and management of high-tech agricultural development; v (4) Promoting linkages between houses in high-tech agricultural development Specific solutions include: (1) Continue to develop high-tech agricultural production zones and regions; (2) Complete the list of high-tech agricultural products; (3) Promote the application of high technology in agricultural production; (4) Strengthening the role of enterprises in the organising of high-tech agricultural production Other solutions include: Attract investment in agriculture and high-tech agriculture; Promote and expand the market for high-tech agricultural products; Developing human resources for high-tech agricultural development; and Strengthening environmental protection and climate change adaptation in high-tech agricultural development The development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam is only at the early stage of development, the relevant data system is still incomplete, so the assessment of the situation in the thesis may still lack evidence, new evocative solutions Therefore, the development of high-tech agriculture in Ha Nam needs to continue to be studied more deeply, fully and comprehensively in future independent research works LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS Trinh Anh Tuan (2017), Some issues on economic development of farmer households, the reality of some countries in the world and suggestions for Vietnam, Journal of Asia Pacific Economic Review Trinh Anh Tuan (2018), Factors affecting the connection between schools and enterprises in training high-tech agricultural human resources associated with the 4.0 industrial revolution, Yearbook of the National Science Conference “Agriculture applying high technology and training human resources in the 4.0 era”, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trinh Anh Tuan (2020), Experiences of some countries on high-tech agricultural development and lessons for Ha Nam province, Journal of Asia Pacific Economic Review, published in November, 2020 Trinh Anh Tuan (2021), Some factors affecting the development of hightech agriculture, Journal of Asia Pacific Economic Review, No 580 published in January, 2021 ... change has a direct impact on agriculture The sectors and sectors that are most vulnerable and strongly affected by climate change are: water resources, agriculture and food security Sixth, monitoring... VND/ha/year (at current prices) 4.2.2.2 Orientation of hi-tech agriculture development Firstly, strongly transform the structure of the agricultural sector, reduce the production of rice, upland... breeding techniques and technologies to create livelihood opportunities for farmer households Fourth, strongly attract domestic and foreign enterprises to invest in the development of hi-tech agriculture,