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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY NGUYEN ANH TUAN POLICIES ON HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NGHE AN PROVINCE SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION OF ECONOMICS Major: ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT Code: 31 01 10 SUPERVISORS: Assoc Prof., PhD NGUYEN THI MINH PHUONG Prof., PhD HOANG VAN HOA NGHE AN - 2022 The work has been completed at Vinh University SUPERVISORS: Assoc Prof., PhD NGUYEN THI MINH PHUONG Prof., PhD HOANG VAN HOA The dissertation is presented at the University-level Dissertation Assessment Council Location: Vinh University Time: …(date)…(month) 2022 The dissertation can be found at: - Information Center – Library of Vinh University 182 – Le Duan, Vinh, Nghe An INTRODUCTION Rationale for the study Nghe An province, with its orientation and targets of becoming the country's high-tech agricultural application center for vegetables and flowers, tea cultivation and livestock and poultry raising…, has great potential to develop the type of tourism accompanied with hightech agriculture [77] High-tech agriculture results in a large amount of products, high yield, good quality and especially environmentally friendliness; facilitates farmers to be proactive in production, reduces dependence on weather and climate, thus production scale can be expanded High-tech agricultural production helps to lower product costs, diversify brand alternatives and promote better competition in the market; reduces the waste of land and water resources due to technological advantages in biology, gene, organic fertilizer production and production automation These above arguments proved the necessity of conducting the study "Policy on high-tech agricultural development in Nghe An province" for its theoretical and practical significance which shall meet social demand in the context of international integration Research purposes and tasks 2.1 Research purposes On the basis of clarifying a number of theoretical issues on high-tech agricultural development policy, the research analizes and evaluates the current situation of the policy for the hi-tech agricultural development sector in Nghe An province for the period 2015-2020, from which propose orientations and solutions to reinforce the policy on high-tech agricultural development in Nghe An province to 2030, with a vision to 2045 2.2 Research tasks - To systematize and clarify a number of issues on the theoretical basis and practical experience on high-tech agricultural development policy; - To evaluate the current situation of high-tech agriculture development policy in Nghe An province in the period 2015 - 2020; - To analyze factors affecting the policy on developing high-tech agriculture in Nghe An province; - To propose orientation and solutions to reinforce the policy on high-tech agricultural development in Nghe An province to 2030, with a vision to 2045 Research objectives and scope 3.1 Research objectives The dissertation studies the policy on the development of high-tech agriculture in Nghe An province (including the policies by the central government and Nghe An province) 3.2 Research scope: The dissertation focuses on researching issues related to the subpolicies supporting the development of high-tech agriculture such as: (1) Land policy; (2) Hi-tech agricultural development supporting policy ; (3) Science and technology development supporting policy; (4) Credit policy for high-tech agricultural development; and (5) Policy on organization of production and market The dissertation matters on researching the policy content, not on the policy procedure (policy making and policy implementation) Spatial scope: The research is conducted in Nghe An province Time Range: The research time ranges from 2015 - 2020, with the discussion of proposed solutions to 2030, with a vision to 2045 Research questions Basing on the aggregation and construction of theoretical basis, the following research questions have been derived: Question 1: What are the components of the high-tech agricultural development policy system in the province? What are the sub-policies of high-tech agricultural development? Question 2: What criteria should be included in the evaluation of policies on high-tech agricultural development? Question 3: Which factors affect the policy on high-tech agricultural development? Question 4: What is the status of hi-tech agriculture development in the period 2015 2020? Question 5: Whether policies to develop hi-tech agriculture in Nghe An province (Land policy; Hi-tech agricultural development supporting policy; Science and technology development supporting policy; Credit policy for high-tech agricultural development; and Policy on organization of production and market) in the past time has contributed to the realization of the goals on developing hi-tech agriculture in Nghe An province? Question 6: Whether the content of high-tech agricultural development policies (orientations, goals, sub-policies, policy solutions) in the past time is optimal and will continue to have a positive impact on the hi-tech agricultural development in Nghe An province? Methodology 5.1 Visualization of the research framework High-tech agricultural development policy Factors impacting high-tech agricultural development policy Objective factors: Subjective factors - Natural conditions; economic geography position - International economic integration3-8 - Increased demand for high quality foods - Development of S&T - Climate change factor - Input resources (land, capital, human resource, high-tech application, infrastructure) - Central and local policies - Market development - Production organization forms - Policy viewpoint - Objectives of policy - Sub-policies: + Land policy Limitations, difficulties and challenges of policy on high-tech agricultural development at studied site + Hi-tech agricultural development supporting policy + Science and technology development supporting policy + Credit policy for high-tech agricultural development + Policy on organization of Sơ đồ 1: Khung phân tích luận án production and market National and international context regarding high-tech agriculture development The issue in question for the policy on high-tech agricultural development policy in Nghe An Orientation to develop high-tech agriculture Viewpoint, objectives of policy on hightech agricultural developme nt Solutions to complete the policy 5.2 Research method 5.2.1 Approaches * Top-down approach * Bottom – up approach * Legal approach 5.2.2 Investigation method Secondary data - published statistical data from the following sources: General Statistics Office, Nghe An Provincial Statistics Office, the People's Committee and provincial departments of Nghe An province – were used by this dissertation Basing on these data, the author conducted the analysis, calculation with the help of Word and Excel programs, which are mainly presented in Chapter 5.2.3 Data processing method The published statistics from sources: General Statistics Office, Nghe An Provincial Statistics Office and survey data were used in this dissertation as secondary data Excel and SPSS softwares are analysis tools The quantitative analysis method is used to confirm the necessary elements and factors affecting the policy on high-tech agricultural development The qualitative method supplements and interprets the factors affecting the high-tech agricultural development policy in Nghe An 5.2.4 Professional solution This method uses a pre-prepared preliminary questionnaire, and the interviews are conducted separately for each interviewee Regarding this research, data were collected directly by interviewing officials of departments, agencies, leaders of districts, towns, cities, and enterprises; and farmers During the investigation process, adjustments were made to adapt to actual local context New contribution of the research Theoretically: By systematizing and clarifying theoretical issues on high-tech agricultural development policy, generalized conclusions on high-tech agricultural development policy can be inferred and at the same time the concept, content and elements of high-tech agricultural development policy are introduced The dissertation recognizes and considers the high-tech agricultural development policy through its sub-policies as following: Land policy; Hi-tech agricultural development supporting policy; Science and technology development supporting policy; Credit policy for high-tech agricultural development; and Policy on organization of production and market At the same time, factors impacting the policy onhigh-tech agricultural development in a province are interpreted in this dissertation The dissertation affirms the decisive role of science and technology, especially the 4.0 industrial revolution and the role of actors in high-tech agricultural production, especially the importance of association between enterprises and small-scale farmers in applying high-tech into agricultural development and sustainable development Practically: On the basis of theoretical analysis and experience on high-tech agricultural development of some countries and territories in the world and some provinces in Vietnam, the author studied this question of regularity for Nghe An province in the current background Considering Nghe An’s potentials and advantages, the dissertation focuses on analyzing the current situation of impact factors, defining high-tech agricultural development policy, thereby identifying the advantages, disadvantages, key factors and issues of concern for the introduction of opinions, recommendation of orientations and major solutions to improve the policy on developing hi-tech agriculture in Nghe An province to 2030 and a vision to 2045 The dissertation only focuses on evaluating the results of the organization and implementation of high-tech agricultural development policies (in terms of policy awareness level, policy approach level and policy appropriateness level) by its five sub-policies such as: Land policy; Hi-tech agricultural development supporting policy; Science and technology development supporting policy; Credit policy for high-tech agricultural development; and Policy on organization of production and market which have been implemented by Nghe An province in recent years The implementation of other related policies or work plans and programs of Nghe An’s People's Committee and relevant parties to organize the implementation of the policy is also not studied in this dissertation The research results of this dissertation are not only scientifically useful for policy makers, and state authorities on high-tech agricultural development but also reference for institutions in the researching and teaching of high-tech agriculture Structure of the dissertation In addition to the Introduction, Conclusion, Appendices and List of references, the dissertation is structured into chapters as follows: Chapter Literature review on high-tech agricultural development policy and research methodology Chapter Theoretical basis and practical experience on high-tech agricultural development policy Chapter Current situation of policies on hi-tech agricultural development in Nghe An province in the period of 2015 - 2020 Chapter Perspectives, orientations and solutions to reinforce high-tech agricultural development policy in Nghe An province to 2030, with a vision to 2045 CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW ON HIHG-TECH AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1.1 International studies 1.1.1 Studies on concept, characteristics and role of high-tech agriculture Firstly, studies on concept of high-tech agriculture Secondly, studies on role of high-tech agriculture 1.1.2 Studies on development tendency of high-tech agriculture According to the Asian Development Bank (ADB), for developing countries, after achieving their national food security goals, must have an orientation to transform agricultural production towards the global agricultural product value chain Accordingly, countries need to set the goal for food production, which is to produce according to global market demand while guaranteeing domestic food security, gradually raising the value of agricultural products, and income for farmers, extensively developing agriculture as well as modernizing the national agriculture sector 1.1.3 Studies on high-tech agricultural development policy In short, the studies show that the ultimate targets of all policies on high-tech agricultural development are to advance the agriculture with R&D-focused technologies; to apply modern scientific achievements and modern technology; to farm products with outstanding quality and features, high added value, and environmental friendliness; thereby contribute significantly to the formation of a new manufacturing and service industry or the modernization of existing manufacturing or service industry 1.2 Domestic studies 1.2.1 Studies on concepts, characteristics and role of high-tech agriculture (1) Applying modern and advanced technologies to all stages of the agricultural production process; (2) Outstanding in seed quality, productivity, and quality of agricultural products [63]; (3) Strictly managing the production activities by modern and smart technology [48]; (4) Meeting the demand (competitiveness of high-tech agricultural products) of consumption market; (5) Increasing the economic efficiency in comparison with traditional agriculture and ensuring sustainable development [47]; 1.2.2 Studies on development tendency on high-tech agriculture Currently, the development of high-tech agriculture follows the international common tendencies, including: Digital transformation; Smart manufacturing; Green growth; Circular agriculture; Transparent and responsible agriculture; and family-based farming 1.2.3 Studies on high-tech agricultural development policy 1.3 Research gaps for further studies The literature review of international and domestic studies mentioned above shows that, most of latest researches have focused on analyzing the current situation of high-tech agricultural development and for the agriculture to be technologically developed, it is necessary to comprehensively implement measures in line with tendency and context of the development, in which high-tech agricultural development policy plays a vital role in surmounting market failures, in science and technology transfer, human resource training and development, the downside of land policy and the implementation of 4-actors linkage (State – Enterprise – Farmer – Scientist) Several works have also confirmed the role of sub-policies in the development of high-tech agriculture in the studied site However, the promulgation and implementation of policies on high-tech agricultural development still encounter many barriers and limitations Many aspects of theoretical and practical issues of high-tech agricultural development policy are in need of further clarification In addition, it is necessary for the high-tech agricultural development policy to be associated with the socio-economic characteristics of each locality, from which tailor-made solutions to reinforce high-tech agricultural development policy in a locality are proposed As Nghe An province is characterized by its orientation of becoming the country's high-tech agricultural application center, its great potential to develop the type of tourism accompanied with high-tech agriculture and its targets of becoming the country’s big center for vegetables and flowers, tea cultivation, medical herbs and livestock and poultry raising…; the demand for hightech agricultural products is increasing and diversified Because of this, it has been placing urgent requirements on the development of high-tech agriculture So far, the orientations, plannings and plans for agricultural development in Nghe An (had been approved for a long time) which are no longer adaptative to current tendency and context still have not been reviewed and adjusted; sub-policies promulgated to support the development of hi-tech agriculture were scattered, non-uniform, and incomprehensive, leading to difficulties in implementation Therefore, the dissertation will exploit the research results of the above works, on the other hand, will focus on the gap that have not mentioned or mentioned insufficiently by these researches as follows: Researching the policy on high-tech agricultural development from the perspective of content of the sub-policy such as: Land policy; Hi-tech agricultural development supporting policy; Science and technology development supporting policy; Credit policy for high-tech agricultural development; and Policy on organization of production and market Concurrently, the dissertation continues to systematize, clarify and further specify theoretical issues of high-tech agricultural development policy from the analytical framework; the concept; the role of policy; content and criteria for evaluating the policy on high-tech agricultural development; factors affecting high-tech agricultural development policy; interpret more clearly the common issues of high-tech agricultural development policy At the same time, the dissertation focuses on analyzing and evaluating the current status of application of science and technology, especially high technology in agricultural development; the results, limitations, causes and problems posed for the high-tech agricultural development policy; studying the viewpoints, goals and major measures regarding policy on high-tech agricultural development in Nghe An province to 2030 with a vision to 2045 CHAPTER THEORETICAL BASIS AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY 2.1 Theoretical basis on agricultural development and high-tech agricultural development policy 2.1.1 Concepts 2.1.1.1 Concept on development 2.1.1.2 Concept on development policy Thus, development policy is understood as the totality of views, principles, forms, tools and solutions applied by the State in order to most effectively exploit the economic potential of an industry or a certain product and create the highest socio-economic efficiency of the entire national economy during development periods of the country 2.1.1.3 Concept on high-tech agriculture Thus, high-tech agriculture is the large-scaled, concentrated commodityproducing agriculture achieved by leading-edge science and technology, advanced and modern production and management processes, resources saving, the adaptation to climate change and market requirements on the basis of improving productivity, quality, added value, international competitiveness and sustainable development 2.1.1.4 Concept on high-tech agricultural development High-tech agricultural development is the application of advanced technology and techniques to all stages of the agricultural production process in order to create goods with high productivity, quality, efficiency, ensure the food safety and have the competitiveness against traditional products 2.1.2 Role and characteristics of high-tech agricultural development policy 2.1.2.1 Role of high-tech agricultural development policy 2.1.2.2 Characteristics of high-tech agricultural development policy 2.1.3 Content on high-tech agricultural development policy 2.1.3.1 Concept on high-tech agricultural development policy From the concepts of "policy" and "high-tech agriculture", it can be understood that high-tech agricultural development policies are specific strategies and plans aimed at achieving a certain goal of promoting development and effectively apply high technology in agriculture, contributing to the construction of comprehensively developed agriculture towards modernization, large commodity production with high productivity, quality, efficiency and competitiveness, and the ensuring of national food and food security both now and in the long term 2.1.3.2 Targets and principles of high-tech agricultural development policy 2.1.3.3 Procedures of high-tech agricultural development policy 2.1.3.4 Content on high-tech agricultural development policies * Policy on land * Policy on supporting the development of high-tech agricultural production * Policy on supporting the development of science and technology field of agricultural production seriously, economically, effectively, and in compliance with the State's regulations At the same time, promulgating policies to attract investment in new technology fields, and fields in which the province still has many potentials and advantages Encouraging the accumulation of land, regrouping of land under the control and management of the State Focusing on building large fields, facilitating enterprises to invest and develop in the field of agricultural, forestry and fishery production Settling the land allocation and land lease on a stable and long-term basis for joint and associated production of businesses, households and individuals to create a large volume of goods as raw materials for processing factories Reviewing and redefining the land area of the Agro-Forestry One Member Limited Company, the Youth Volunteer General Team; proposing the acquisition of inefficient and unused land areas of these organizations to grant other subjects for more effective use In 2020, the Nghe An’s total area of high-tech applied agricultural cultivation is 23,186 ha, accounting for 7.65% of agricultural land area: In which: Production of vegetables and fruits: 1,549.25 ha; Production of perennials and fruit trees: 2,112.8 ha; Production of feed crops for dairy cows: 3,520 ha; producing raw sugar cane 3,977 ha; rice production: 11,201.5 ha; peanut production: 252 ha; whiteleg shrimp farming with application of scientific and technical advances has a total area of 376.25 hectares, (of which 293.8 hectares are reared according to VietGAP process); Production of passion fruit varieties: ha; production of medicinal plants: 173.24 and some other plants such as orchids, incense roots, etc 16.9 (Applying farming technology according to Viet GAP, Organic process, crop intensive technology according to SRI, ICM, outdoor drip irrigation and producing plant varieties over 17,552.9 ha) The average production value is over 250 million VND/ha/year, 2-3 times higher than mass agricultural production The total herd of cows raised using high technology is over 69,640 heads, of which 63,600 hectares for dairy cows are raised using Ixren technology; total herd of pigs raised using high technology is 158,405; Livestock with high technology application has 70 farms; 3.2.2 Policy category on supporting high-tech agricultural development * The objectives of policies supporting the development of high-tech agriculture The objectives are to focus on agricultural development towards high productivity and quality, ensuring food safety and hygiene; creating large concentrated commodity production areas to meet consumption and export demand; gradually reducing the area for food crops in parallel with the development of high-quality rice plant; increasing production of clean vegetables, ornamental flowers, fruit trees, etc.; strongly developing animal husbandry in industrial scale outside residential areas in a stable direction; develop aquaculture in the direction of intensive farming, rapidly increasing productivity, and developing sustainably * Issuing subjects of policy supporting the development of hi-tech agriculture Over the past years, the Government has issued many mechanisms and policies on science and technology in order to promote the development of science and technology Up to now, these policies have been seriously and effectively implemented, come into effect, and creating a driving force for socio-economic development from central to local levels On the other hand, the Provincial Party Committee, People's Council and Provincial People's Committee have issued many documents regulating mechanisms and policies to 11 promote the development of high-tech application in agricultural production In order to increase the effectiveness in supporting agricultural and rural development and the development of high-tech agriculture, a number of new regulations and amendments and supplements to a number of supporting policies are issued Specifically: Decree No 77/2018/ND-CP dated May 16, 2018 by the Government on regulations to support the development of small irrigation, in-field irrigation and advanced, water-saving irrigation; Decree No: 98/2018/ND-CP dated July 5, 2018 by the Government on policies to encourage the development of cooperation and association in the production and consumption of agricultural products; Decree No 57/2018/ND-CP dated April 17, 2018 on mechanisms and policies to encourage enterprises to invest in agriculture and rural areas; Decision No 15/2018/QD-UBND dated March 30, 2018 by the Provincial People's Committee promulgating regulations on the implementation of policies to support agricultural and rural development in Nghe An province according to Resolution No 14 /2017/NQ-HDND dated December 20, 2017 of the Provincial People's Council; Decision No: 19/2018/QD-TTg dated April 19, 2018 stipulating criteria, competence, order and procedures for recognition of hitech enterprises; Decision No: 3615/QD-UBND dated August 15, 2018 by the Provincial People's Committee promulgating the List of key agricultural products of Nghe An province; Decision No: 1690/QD-UBND dated May 7, 2018 by the Provincial People's Committee on May 7, 2018 approving the 2018 Investment Promotion Program in Nghe An province; Decision No: 4255/QD-UBND of Nghe An province dated September 25, 2018 by the Provincial People's Committee on the decision to issue a list of projects to encourage enterprises to invest in agriculture and rural areas in the period up to 2020 in the province.; Decision No 33/2019/QD-UBND dated August 22, 2019 by the People's Committee of Nghe An province on the promulgation of support norms for each type of work items and works specified in Decree No 57/2018/ND -CP dated April 17, 2018 by the Government on mechanisms and policies to encourage enterprises to invest in agriculture and rural areas in Nghe An province * The beneficiaries of policies on supporting the development of high-tech agriculture: These policies have made an important contribution to the promotion of research, application and transfer of scientific and technical advances; attracting projects on producing and trading of products with high scientific and technological content, creating breakthroughs in scientific application which brought about new awareness, approaches and solutions, and changed a number of mechanisms, policies and strategies for socio-economic development The promulgation of many mechanisms and policies on science and technology, as well as the effective use of investment resources from the State budget and socialization sources for science and technology development has contributed to the effective implementation of scientific and technological tasks, especially in the field of agriculture These policies have great impact on supporting businesses in applying scientific and technological advances, equipment and technology renovation, application of quality management system, participation in quality awards and registration for protection of industrial property rights in order to increase the competitiveness of goods and products The issuance of documents is timely, complete and accurate, ensuring the legal basis The documents promulgated by the province specifies the State’s documents, laws and 12 regulations on agriculture, rural areas, science and technology in accordance with the actual situation in Nghe An province 3.2.3 Policy category on supporting science and technology development * Targets of policy on supporting science and technology development High-tech agriculture is the one that applies new and advanced technologies to improve production efficiency, create a breakthrough in productivity and quality of agricultural products to satisfy the increasing demand of the society; At the same time, to ensure the development and renovativeness of Vietnam's agriculture, innovation in science and technology is considered as one of the vital and key solutions * Issuing subject of policy on supporting science and technology development In determining the role of science and technology in agricultural production, the Prime Minister issued Decision No 176/QD-TTG dated January 29, 2010, approving the project on developing hi-tech agriculture by 2020; Decision No 1895/QD – TTg, dated December 17, 2012 approving the High-Tech Agricultural Development Program under the National HighTech Development Program until 2020 At 4th Conference, the CPV Central Committee, 12th session issued Resolution No 06-NQ/TW dated November 5, 2016 on effectively implementing the international economic integration process, maintaining socio-political stability in the context of country’s participation in international free trade agreements * The beneficiaries of policies on supporting science and technology development In Nghe An province, there are 25 enterprises applying high technology in agricultural production, some typical of which are TH Group, Vinamilk Nghe An, Agrimex Nghe An JSC, Vinh Hoa Science and Technology Company Limited, Nasu Sugarcane Company Limited; they are the leading enterprises which can create the butterfly effect in the development of high-tech agriculture in the province; there are 29 cooperatives applying high technology in agricultural production The province has attracted a number of agricultural projects by big investors and domestic and international economic groups such as: Chain of projects financed by Bac A Bank (credit and investment capital): TH concentrated industrial-scale breeding and milk processing project (invested capital of 1.2 billion USD), the project of growing vegetables and flowers in greenhouses (investment capital of 2,423 billion VND), Nghe An wood factory project (invested capital of VND 1,896 billion), Nui Tien pure water and fruit juice factory (invested capital of 1,177 billion VND); MDF wood and fiberboard factory in Anh Son district of Nghe An MDF Wood Joint Stock Company (invested capital of 1,754 billion VND); Mavin Group (Australia) invested in the project of MavinAustFeed Nghe An animal feed factory with a total investment of 325 billion VND; Project of the high-tech pig breeding center in Anh Son district (with a total investment of 350 billion VND)…; Wood processing project of DKC Energy Joint Stock Company which is investing in the field of producing biomass pellets with a capacity of 120,000 tons in Nam Cam Industrial Park; Biomass Fuel Vietnam Co., Ltd invests in wood processing (biomass pellets) 240,000 tons in Vsip Nghe An Industrial Park - In 2020, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development has completed the construction of the Program on High-tech Agricultural Park for Forestry in the North Central Region in Nghe An and is waiting for the Prime Minister's approval 13 The Program of high-tech applied Agricultural Park in forestry in Nghe An province comprises of the following projects: + Project No.1: Building an administrative center and trading floor combined with exhibitions to introduce wooden products and non-timber forest products, expected to scale 30-40 hectares in a convenient location for administrative center located in Nghi Loc district, Nghe An province + Project No.2: Center for production of high-tech forestry plant varieties with a scale of 60-70 hectares in Nghi Loc district, Nghe An province + Project No.3: Wood and non-timber forest products processing and production area with application of high technology, expected to scale 300-600 in Nghi Van and Nghi Kieu communes, Nghi Loc district and Dai Son commune, Do Luong district + Project No.4: High-quality intensive afforestation area associated with sustainable forest certificates of state forest owners in province’s districts; High quality intensive afforestation area associated with sustainable forest certification scaled 5,000 by 2025 in the districts of Thanh Chuong, Do Luong, Nghi Loc, Con Cuong, Yen Thanh, Tan Ky, Nam Dan, Quy Hop, Quy Chau, and will be scaled 11,000 by 2035 in the whole province In Nghe An province, there are 25 enterprises applying high technology in agricultural production, some typical of which are TH Group, Vinamilk Nghe An, Agrimex Nghe An JSC, Vinh Hoa Science and Technology Company Limited, Nasu Sugarcane Company Limited; they are the leading enterprises which can create the butterfly effect in the development of high-tech agriculture in the province; there are 29 cooperatives applying high technology in agricultural production 3.2.4 Policy category on loan and credit * Objectives of the policy on loan and credit for the development of high-tech agriculture High-tech applied agricultural production requires large investment, however, currently the number of hi-tech agricultural zones and regions and the number of recognized hi-tech agricultural enterprises are still limited; a few of the agricultural production model can apply high technology effectively, several enterprises lack of financial resources and effective and feasible production plans and not meet the regulated criteria for high-tech agriculture; and consumption market has not been stable * The issuing subject of policy on loan and credit for high-tech agricultural development Over the past years, the Government has issued guidelines and policies on bank credit investment for the application of high technology development in agricultural production Provincial People's Committee issued Directive No 22/2015/CT-UBND dated December 31, 2015 on organizing the implementation of Decree No 55/2015/ND-CP dated June 9, 2015 on credit policy for agricultural and rural development; and Decree No 67/2014/ND-CP on constructing the coordination principles in the lending process * Beneficiaries of policies on loans and credits for high-tech agricultural development It is inevitable for companies to borrow from banks 29/47 surveyed enterprises said that they have taken out credit loans from commercial banks (accounting for 61.7%) and most 14 businesses have to submit collateral when borrowing (22/29 enterprises) Loans come from commercial banks such as: Agriculture and Rural Development, BIDV, Vietcombank, Viettinbank, Eximbank, Co-opbank, VIB, and VDB The problem of capital causes quite a lot of obstacles to the application of high technology in agricultural production The accumulated capital in the population is low and the proportion of capital allocated annually for agricultural development investment is gradually decreasing in the budget allocation structure, meanwhile investment in hi-tech agriculture requires relatively large and prolonged initial investment capital Diagram 3.7 Borrowing proportion of organizations, individuals from formal credit institutions (Source: investigated data, 2020) Basing on the mechanisms and policies of the Government and the State Bank of Vietnam in restructuring the agricultural sector, commercial banks in the province have provided loans for investment in agricultural and rural development; In 2020, the total mobilized capital in Nghe An reached 91,804 billion VND, loan outstanding balance reached 123,519 billion VND In which, loan outstanding balance for agriculture and rural areas accounted for 47% of total loan outstanding balance (over 58,000 billion VND) Loans to beneficiaries of social welfare through the Policy bank reached VND 6,673 billion; Loans for shipbuilding under Decree 67/2014/ND-CP reached VND 390 billion; and loans to reduce losses in agriculture under Decision 68/2013/QD-TTg reached 224 billion… In implementing the Circular 39/2016/TT-NHNN dated December 30, 2016 and Decision No 831/QD-NHNN dated April 24, 2017 of the State Bank of Vietnam on loan program to encourage the development of high-tech and clean agriculture according to Decree 30/NQ-CP dated March 7, 2017 of the Government, in the coming time, commercial banks shall provide loans to organizations and individuals for their implementation of projects and business plans on high-tech and clean agriculture as mentioned in Decision No 738/QDBNN-KHCN dated March 14, 2017 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 3.2.5 Policy category on organization of production and market * Objectives of policy on organization of production and market 15 The policy of associating production with processing and consuming agricultural products plays a very important role, especially in the period when the country's economy is strongly transformed under the market mechanism The actors involved in the association, production associated with the processing and consumption of agricultural products, building large fields, especially enterprises and farmers shall enjoy a number of incentives from the State in terms of land, loans, technical support, investment in infrastructure construction * Issuing subject on policies to organize production and markets for the development of hi-tech agriculture According to Decree No 193/2013/ND-CP dated November 21, 2013 detailing a number of articles of the 2012 Law on Cooperatives and the Support Program for cooperative development in the period of 2015 - 2020 according to Decision No 2261/QD - TTg dated December 15, 2014, the State supports high-tech applied enterprises and agricultural cooperatives to participate in domestic and international exhibitions, organize trade shows and exhibitions designed for cooperatives, build brands, trademarks, and origin of goods and support the participation in e-commerce trading floors Pursuant to the actual needs of cooperatives, enterprises and trade promotion organizations, the Ministry of Industry and Trade submitted to the Prime Minister for approval Decision No 72/2010/QD-TTg dated November 15, 2010 on regulations to formulate, manage and implement the National Trade Promotion Program The Ministry of Finance has issued Circular 171/2014/TT – BTC guiding the financial support mechanism from the State budget to implement this Program Accordingly, the policy on trade promotion and market expansion which has been revised and supplemented to adapt to the current context, comprises of trade promotion to boost export; trade promotion for domestic market and mountainous, border and island markets with beneficiaries being businesses, cooperatives, industry associations, central and local trade promotion organizations Cooperatives and unions of cooperatives benefit from this policy mainly through the national trade promotion program with the focal point of implementation being the Vietnam Cooperative Union * Beneficiaries of policies on organization of production and market n for high-tech agricultural development Support policies are prescribed in Decision No 62/2013/ND-CP, Decree No 210/2013/ND-CP, Decision No 02/2013/QD-UBND, Resolution No 52/2016/NQ- People's Council From 2015 to 2020, the province has built more than 100 large model fields from the sponsor budget and investment by enterprises The number of large fields is mainly for rice production (accounting for over 65.0%), the rest is for some other crops such as sugarcane, tea, corn, peanuts, vegetables, etc The production on large model fields clearly demonstrates the participation of actors (the State, the scientists, the enterprises and the farmers), in which enterprises are identified as having an important role in deciding the consumption of farming products In the past time, the province has had a number of policies to establish and promote these linkages in agricultural production, specifically: the issuance of Resolution No 52/2016/NQ-HDND dated 16/12/ 2016 of the Provincial People's Council stipulating the level of support for investment in building large fields according to the Government's Decision No 62/2013/QD-TTg; Decision No 1008/QD-UBND dated March 16, 2017 on the plan to build a 16 trade union in Nghe An province in the period of 2017 - 2020, with a vision to 2025; Decision 08/2015/QD-UBND on a number of specific policies to encourage enterprises to invest in agriculture and rural areas in the period 2015-2020 Projects and master plans for production of raw material areas serving nearby enterprises are constructed such as: Planning on areas for growing grass and corn for dairy cattle raising at VINAMILK Dairy Food Joint Stock Company, planning on areas for production of feed crops for dairy cow farming at TH Food Joint Stock Company, Planning area for stevia as raw materials for REB-A sugar extraction, Planning of raw passion fruit area in Que Phong district, Nghe An province, Planning for production area of raw sugarcane in Nghe An province in the period of 2013-2020, the project on developing main crops and animals, associated with land management mechanism, creating raw material areas for processing for domestic consumption and export in Nghe An to 2020…To consolidate and develop cooperative groups and cooperatives according to the 2012 Law on Cooperatives: The Provincial People's Committee has strengthened policies to support and develop cooperatives in Nghe An province Currently, the province has 2,931 cooperative groups, creating jobs for 36,775 members, with an average income of 2.8 - 3.5 million VND/person/month There are 618 agricultural and non-agricultural cooperatives, including 440 agricultural cooperatives, with 408 cooperatives operating under the 2012 Law New models of cooperatives that link businesses and farmers in the production value chain appeared in many districts, cities and towns such as: agricultural cooperatives producing highquality rice seeds and rice, livestock cooperatives, mushroom growing cooperatives, safe vegetable growing, orange and passion fruit cooperatives Diagram 3.8 The performance of contract on production and consumption of products signed by enterprises and farmers (Source: investigated data, 2020) The association of production and consumption of products, especially output consumption and production investment for farmers are still mainly financed by enterprises themselves, with limited support from the state Only 10/47 surveyed enterprises said that they received support when linking production with consumption of agricultural products, building 17 large fields It is the support on the exemption of land use fee/land rental to implement large field project; providing training and technical guidance for farmers to produce agricultural products under contracts; planning and improving fields, completing in-field traffic and irrigation, power system for production of large field projects The procedure to register for support and benefit from the policy is not highly appreciated (40.0% considers it normal and 20.0% considers it cumbersome and complicated and only 20.0% considers it simple, and easy to do) The policy access and beneficialness is implemented fairly transparently and equally with 40.0% of the respondents saying it is transparent and equal and 40.0% saying it is normal However, the reinforcement of the policy is still low with 60.0% of the opinions saying it's normal and only 20.0% saying it's fast and timely 3.3 General evaluation on high-tech agricultural development policy in Nghe An province 3.3.1 Achievements and causes - Land policy: Land policy has facilitated farmers to be active in their work, production and business in order to increase the efficiency of land use and increase income Agricultural land policies create favorable conditions for farmers to restructure the economy and improve the efficiency of land use Agricultural land policies support farmers to access bank credit The agricultural land policy has initially encouraged farmers to accumulate and concentrate land for more efficient business The agricultural land policy activates the real estate market in the countryside, facilitates efficient allocation of agricultural land, and forms new industries in the countryside - Supporting policies on the development of high-tech agricultural production which had been deployed to the target recipients has already brought practical effects The State’s support has created favorable conditions for enterprises, agricultural cooperatives and farmers to participate in economic development, decisively invest in production Productivity and quality of many crops and livestock are improved; forest planting and protection is implemented better; seafood exploitation develops in a sustainable way Agriculture has oriented towards commodity production, focusing on high-quality plants and livestock products (associating mass production with production of spearhead plants and livestock) - The policy on science and technology supporting has brought science and technology to the people, thereby improving product quality; encouraging individuals and organizations to invest in technological innovation, research and apply scientific and technological advances in order to improve the competitiveness of enterprises; many effective production linkage models based on good application of science and technology have appeared - Policies to support loans and credits such as incentives on interest rates, incentives on loan conditions, funding sources to support risks caused by drought, crop failure, floods, etc have partially remove difficulties for producers in concentrating capital for their production, thereby building financial potential for individuals and organizations - Policy on supporting the production and consumption of products aims to create the overall advantage from chain production, to have quality products, large amount of goods, and is easy for science and technology application into production The deployed linkage models 18 demonstrated the obvious effects for farmers, cooperatives and businesses participating in the association Thank to production contract, farmers can sell products with stable prices and low risks, and vice versa creates motivation for farmers to organize production at farming scale Enterprises are confident with the supply of agricultural products, quality is managed, and prices are stable, etc 3.3.2 Limitations and causes Firstly, investment resources to implement policies are still scattered, not concentrated, and implementation norms are not strong enough to achieve the set goals Secondly, although some policies have been issued, it is not practical (due to practical inappropriateness, many criteria are so unreachable as well as the lack of resources to implement) Thirdly, the access to benefits from some policies is still difficult because the documents, procedures, processes, mechanisms are still cumbersome, complicated, not flexible in handling situations Fourthly, there is a lack of policies strong and breakthrough enough in agricultural production Fifthly, the approach to policy formulation has not kept pace with the development trend Sixthly, the connectivity amongst policies is not high (considering official policies and other policies) Seventhly, the communication work is still limited, sometimes policy documents and policy information are delivered slowly or not reach individuals and organizations (especially farmers in mountainous and remote areas) thus impacting their benefits 19 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES, ORIENTATIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO COMPLETE THE POLICY ON HIHG-TECH AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 4.1 Objectives and policy orientations for the development of hi-tech agriculture in Nghe An province to 2030 with a vision to 2045 4.1.1 Viewpoints It is necessary to apply modern science and technology to production in order to create high-yield and high-quality agricultural products to gradually integrate and steer the domestic market and aim at dominate the foreign market (market share) The high-tech agriculture program will create an appropriate environment for scientific and technological innovations, can train high-quality human resources, transform knowledge into production strength, develop markets, create jobs and benefit the country 4.1.2 Background Peace, cooperation and development links are still the mainstream Globalization and international integration continue to be promoted despite the increasing tendency of protectionist obstacles In this context, Asia - Pacific is still the most dynamic development region Vietnam's international integration is getting deeper and deeper, many new-generation free trade agreements (FTAs) and EVFTA have been signed with multilateral, regional and bilateral partners In the field of agriculture, joining international trade organizations will create opportunities to develop domestic production, promote the application of science and technology, improve productivity, quality and competitiveness of agricultural products and strengthen the system of technical standards, food safety and hygiene; create opportunities to change the production structure and promote the advantages of different industries; and create jobs and increase income for farmers The increasingly intensive international integration has escalated the opportunity to expand the export market for Vietnam's agriculture in general and Nghe An in particular regarding province’s key commodities with comparative advantage thanks to commitments to reduce tariffs and non-tariff barriers Processed agricultural products based on application of scientific and technological achievements will have the opportunity to participate in the global agricultural product value chain 4.1.3 Objectives Firstly, the development of high-tech agriculture must focus on crops and livestock with comparative advantages of Nghe An for products to be competitive in the domestic and international markets with a long-term calculation based on the scientific basis; Secondly, the development of high-tech agriculture must be concurrent with the development of large-scale concentrated agriculture and promotion of supply chain linkage, production chain and value chain of agricultural products Thirdly, the development of high-tech agriculture must select the most suitable technology to apply to plants and animals in accordance to each ecological region in the long term and sustainably; must diversify the levels of high technology, pursuant to local resources and market needs; improve productivity, quality of agricultural products, increase added value 20 and production efficiency Fourthly, there must be a close connection between agricultural production and the modern processing and trading system according to the value chain method Fifthly, the development of high-tech agriculture must ensure sustainable development, fast and stable economic growth, ecological environment protection, effective response to climate change and good settlement of social problems 4.1.4 Orientations Firstly, the orientation of developing high-tech agriculture by product group is based on the comparative advantages of each ecological territory and modern scientific and technological achievements Secondly, some essential conditions from an institutional perspective for the development of high-tech agriculture in Nghe An province 4.2 Solutions to reinforce the policy on high-tech agricultural development in Nghe An province 4.2.1 General institutional solutions on high-tech agricultural development policy in Nghe An province 4.2.1.1 Improve the effectiveness of policy making 4.2.1.2 Solutions on mechanisms and policies to support and encourage the development of hi-tech agricultural production areas 4.2.1.3 Solutions on management of agricultural planning areas with high technology application 4.2.2 Solutions for policy category on high-tech agricultural development 4.2.2.1 Solutions on policy to support agricultural production development 4.2.2.2 Promotion of cooperation in research, transfer and application of high technology, advanced production processes and the replication of high-tech applied agricultural production models to develop hi-tech agriculture in Nghe An Increase investment for science and technology from the State budget Early establish scientific research centers belonging to the province, Promote science and technology communication 4.2.2.3 Solutions on policy on attracting investment, supporting loans and credits 4.2.2.4 Solutions on production and market organization policy 4.3.3 Solutions on policy on land and production area planning Firstly, plan the farm area Secondly, conduct land allocation, land lease and grant of land use right certificates for the land area that has not been granted Thirdly, elevate the level of application of science and technology (S&T) on farms Fourthly, support farms to access the market and consume agricultural-forestryproducts Fifthly, improve the management capacity of farm owners and improve the skills of workers Sixthly, implement the State's support policies for farm economic development 21 Seventhly, create clean agricultural products, food-safe and food security meet VietGAP standards for active integration 4.3.4 Other solutions * Solutions on information and propaganda * Solutions on human resource and use of human resources * Solutions on investment in technical infrastructure for high-tech agricultural production areas 22 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion (1) The dissertation has systematized and clarified the concept of high-tech agriculture “High-tech agriculture is an agriculture being integrated and applied with science and technology which is modern, advanced and appropriate with environmental conditions and climate change, in order to effectively use available resources, and renovate the production organization, to increase productivity and quality for products with high-class quality, high added value, high international competitiveness and sustainable development”; And high-tech agricultural development policy: “High-tech agriculture development policies are specific strategies and plans aimed at achieving a certain goal of promoting the development and effective application of high technology in the field of agriculture, contributing to building a comprehensively developed agriculture towards modernity, producing large quantities of goods with high productivity, quality, efficiency and competitiveness, and firmly ensuring national food security both now and in the long term” High-tech agriculture application promotes labor specialization, diversification of products and business forms in order to achieve the goal of improving labor productivity, reducing product costs to boost up competitiveness, maximum profits, thereby improving the quality of farmers’ livehood and protecting the ecological environment (2) On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of high-tech agricultural development policies, the dissertation has built a theoretical framework for analyzing high-tech agricultural policies: Land policy; Hi-tech agricultural development supporting policy; Science and technology development supporting policy; Credit policy for high-tech agricultural development; and Policy on organization of production and market At the same time, the dissertation has interpreted the factors affecting the policy on high-tech agricultural development in a locality The dissertation affirms the decisive role of science and technology, especially the Industrial Revolution 4.0, and the role of actors in high-tech agricultural production, especially the role of enterprises in association with small-scale farmers in jointly applying high tech for agricultural development and sustainable development (3) Through analyzing successful experiences in implementing high-tech agricultural policies of Israel, India, Korea, and Taiwan, the dissertation draws meaningful lessons for practical application in Vietnam In addition, the dissertation researches experiences on policies for high-tech agricultural development of some localities in the country such as Hanoi, Thanh Hoa, and Quang Binh and draws lessons from experience in implementing policies on hi-tech agricultural development for Nghe An province (4) From the assessment of the current situation of agricultural development in Nghe An province in the period of 2015 - 2020 and based on the theoretical framework built, the dissertation has assessed the current situation of high-tech agricultural development policy in Nghe An on the following: Land policy; Hi-tech agricultural development supporting policy; Science and technology development supporting policy; Credit policy for high-tech agricultural development; and Policy on organization of production and market for survey subjects as: Enterprises, Cooperatives and the people 23 (5) The dissertation addressed viewpoints, context, objectives and orientation for the development of hi-tech agriculture in Nghe An province by sub-policies, mainly: Land policy; Hi-tech agricultural development supporting policy; Science and technology development supporting policy; Credit policy for high-tech agricultural development; and Policy on organization of production and market At the same time, the dissertation determine the necessary conditions and basis for proposing solutions to improve the policy of developing high-tech agriculture in the coming time in Nghe An province (6) On the basis of assessing the current situation of policies for the development of hitech agriculture in Nghe An province, the dissertation has proposed groups of solutions to improve policies on high-tech agricultural development For successful, stable, firm and sustainable implementation in the direction of integration, it is necessary to carry out synchronously groups of solutions: (1) General institutional solutions to improve the policy of high-tech agriculture development in Nghe An province (Improving the effectiveness of policy making; Solutions on mechanisms and policies to support and encourage the development of hi-tech agricultural production areas; Solutions on management of agricultural planning areas with high technology application); (2) Solutions for policy category on high-tech agricultural development (Solutions on policies to support agricultural production development; Promote cooperation in research, transfer, and application of high technology), advanced production processes and replication of high-tech applied agricultural production models; Solutions on policies to attract investment, support for loans and credits; Solutions on policies to organize production and market); (3) Solutions on land policy and planning of production areas (planning of farm development areas; land allocation, land lease and issuance of land use right certificates for unallocated land areas; improvement of the level of science and technology application (S&T) in farms; improve the management capacity of farm owners and improve the skills of workers; implement the State's support policies for development of farm economy; create clean, safe and food-safe agricultural products that meet VietGAP standards for proactive integration); (4) Some other solutions (Solutions on information and propaganda; Solutions on human resources and use of human resources; Solutions on investment in technical infrastructure for agricultural production areas with high technology application) Recommendations - Continue to implement existing policies such as: policies to support crop restructuring; support aquaculture development; reduce post-harvest losses; encourage businesses to invest in agriculture and rural areas - Annually arrange and ensure support funds from the central budget so that the province has conditions to effectively implement the issued policies - Researching and promulgating a number of new policies such as: support for the development of hi-tech agriculture; policy to promote linkage of actors; and mechanism to promote production linkages 24 LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS BY THE AUTHOR Nguyen Anh Tuan (2017), Attracting investment in the agricultural sector in Nghe An: Current situation and solutions, Asia Pacific Economic Review, No 507 December 2017, pp 54-55 Nguyen Anh Tuan et al (2018), Some solutions for sustainable development of agriculture in Nghe An province, Financial Journal, No 688 September 2018, Pp118 – 120 Tuan Nguyen et all (2019), The Effects of Risks in Agricultural Supply Chain Management on Business Performance: A Case Study in Vietnam, The Journal of Agrobiotechnology Management & Economics (USA), Volume 21, Number 3, 2019, Pg 23 - 34 ISSN: 1522936X (Scopus Q3) Anh Tuan Nguyen et all (2021), Effects of health insurance eligible expansion on household consumption in Vietnam, PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, 18(4), 3529-3551; 2021 (Scopus Q3) Nguyen Anh Tuan (2021), Accelerating restructuring of the agricultural sector towards enhancing added value and sustainable development in Nghe An, Asia Pacific Economic Review, No 591 June 2021 , pp 79 – 81 ... policy for high-tech agricultural development + Policy on organization of Sơ đồ 1: Khung phân tích luận án production and market National and international context regarding high-tech agriculture development