Phát triển nguồn nhân lực chất lượng cao trong các khu công nghiệp tỉnh vĩnh phúc TT TIENG ANH

TRADE UNION UNIVERSITY DO HUY THANG DEVELOPING HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES IN INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN VINH PHUC PROVINCES SUMMARY OF PhD DISSERTATION IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HANOI, NAM 2021 THESIS HAS BEEN COMPLETED AT TRADE UNION UNIVERSITY Academic supervisors: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Van Ha Dr Le Xuan Sinh Examiner 1: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Minh Nhan Examiner 2: Assoc Prof Dr Le Thanh Ha Examiner 3: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Thuy Huong The thesis is schedule to be examined at the Academic Thesis Committee at Trade Union University at date: The thesis can be accessed at: Vietnam National Library Trade Union University Library / /202 INTRODUCTION Necessary of the Study The Vietnamese Communist Party and State have always attached great significance to the development of high-quality human resources, contributing to enhancing competitiveness and attracting further investment from domestic and foreign enterprises as one of their principal policies The Communist Party, at its 11th Congress (2011) highlighted the viewpoint of “developing and improving the quality of human resources, especially high-quality ones, is among the key factors for the rapid and sustainable development of the country”, “is a strategic breakthrough and a decisive factor in the strong scientific and technological development and application, economic restructuring, and growth model transformation, and also the greatest competitive advantage, securing the fast, effective and sustainable development” The document of the 13th National Congress (2021) of the Vietnamese Communist Party has set out the task of “fast development of human resources, especially high-quality human resources, with priority given to the development of human resources for leadership, management and key areas by ways of improving, making a strong, comprehensive and fundamental change in the quality of education and training in close association with recruitment, employment and talent retention policies” For the said theoretical and practical necessity, the author decided to conduct a study titled “Developing High-quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Province” for my doctoral dissertation Research Purposes and Topics 2.1 Research Purposes This study aims to propose solutions to the development of highquality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province 2.2 Research Topics - Conducting a literature review of domestic and foreign studies related to the research project, evaluating the values of those works and the gaps that need further research in this study - Systematizing and developing a theoretical framework for high-quality human resources in industrial zones - Analyzing and clarifying the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones - Systematically analyzing the factors influencing the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones - Having an insight into the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones in severall localities and lessons learned for Vinh Phuc province - Proposing solutions to the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province Research Focus and Scope 3.1 Research Focus The focus of this study is the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones 3.2 Research Scope: - Regarding the content: Theoretical and practical issues related to the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones, concentrating on mechanisms, policies and measures to boost up the development of high-quality human resources in local industrial zones - Regarding the space: Industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province - Regarding the time: The study considers the mechanisms, policies and measures developed by the regulatory authority of Vinh Phuc province in the period (2015-2019) and solutions to 2025 and a vision to 2030 Methodology 4.1 Methodological Basis for the Study The study is based on dialectical materialism It is a system of perspectives and principles for approaching things and phenomena based on the objective laws of nature and society, which are reflected completely through a scientific and objective view and a dialectical interaction of socioeconomic issues 4.2 Research Methods 4.2.1 Data collection The following data collection methods were used in this study: a Secondary data collection Information, documents and related data were collected and gathered from sources such as documents and resolutions of the Vietnamese Communist Party; legal documents of the State; information, documents and data from State authorities like the General Statistics Office of Vietnam and relevant ministries and agencies; information, documents and data from previously published research works including books, newspapers, journals, published results of research programs, published results of studies by domestic and foreign agencies and scientists; published information, documents and data by authors and enterprises in industrial zones, to explore human resources and high-quality human resources in Vietnam, in general, and in Vinh Phuc, in particular, concerning other resources in the development process (i.e., capital, natural resources, science and technology) b Primary Data Collection Survey respondents: employees and managers working in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province During the official survey from September 2019 to December 2019, 300 employee questionnaires were handed to employees in enterprises (specifically, 120 for Khai Quang industrial zone, 80 for Binh Xuyen industrial zone, 50 for Ba Thien industrial zone, 25 for Tam Duong industrial park, and 25 for Kim Hoa industrial zone) and 85 manager questionnaires were equally delivered to managers in enterprises After the survey, the author collected 290 completed employee questionnaires (response rate of 96.67%) and 80 completed manager questionnaires (response rate of 94.11%) Questionnaire content: personal information, occupation, experience, and working positions Purpose of collection: To establish a basis for analysing the current situation of developing high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province, thereby, proposing several solutions to the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province 4.2.2 Data Analysis Methods Besides primary and secondary data collection methods, some data analysis methods such as comparative statistical analysis, graphs and statistical tables for comparison and synthesis, analysis, synthesis, logic and others New Contributions of the Study From theoretical perspective First, the study furnishes a systematical theoretical framework for developing high-quality human resources in enterprises Second, factors influencing high-quality human resources and their development in industrial zones are considered and determined From practical perspective First, the study offers an in-depth insight into the current situation of high-quality human resource development and factors influencing such development in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province Second, concluding the advantages, limitations and their causes regarding the development of high-quality human resources, the study points out that the shortage of high-quality human resources mostly observed in certain areas such as executive management, technical staff, electronics, IT, mechanical engineering, art design, logistics, and marketing results from insufficient recruitment resources Third, possible solutions to the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province are recommended Fourth, the results of this study can be adopted by the State regulatory authorities of Vinh Phuc province for establishing mechanisms and policies in developing high-quality human resources in industrial zones within the province, and by other localities with similar characteristics and properties Fifth, the study can be used as a reference for undergraduates majoring in human resource management, management, and business administration and those interested in high-quality human resource development Structure of the Dissertation The dissertation is developed into chapters preceded and followed by an introduction and a conclusion, references and appendices, respectively Chapter 1: Literature Review Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework on Development of High-quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones Chapter 3: Current Situation of Development of High-quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Province Chapter 4: Solutions to Development of High-quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Province Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Typical Studies 1.1.1 Studies Related to Human Resources and Development of Highquality Human Resources: Human resources, high-quality human resources and human resource development have been the focuses of many studies However, high-quality human resources have still been comprehended from different perspectives, leading to the inconsistent conception and evaluation criteria of human resources Especially in the current specific context of each industrial zone in Vietnam, how can human resources be evaluated as high-quality? Which criteria should be used to evaluate high-quality human resources? Which aspects, tools and indicators should be used to measure the development? These are the gaps that need to be filled and further studied from theoretical and practical perspectives 1.1.2 Studies Related to Development of Human Resources and Highquality Human Resources Although many studies on human resources and human resource development, including high-quality human resources, have been conducted, no consistent concept of high-quality human resources, criteria for highquality human resource evaluation, and the role of actors (organizations and individuals) in developing high-quality human resources have been established There has also been no comprehensive study on the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones, particularly those in Vinh Phuc province This issue, therefore, requires to be further considered and clarified in the present dissertation 1.1.3 Studies Related to Factors Influencing Development of Human Resources and High-quality Human Resources A series of studies have mentioned the factors influencing the formation and development of human resources, including non-industrial zone related, industrial zone related factors, and employee-related factors None have, nevertheless, analyzed and explained the factors influencing high-quality human resources in industrial zones Meanwhile, the factors influencing human resource development in organizations have been noted qualitatively and generally, and also confused with influencing elements As a result, subjective and objective causes have not been clearly separated for taking appropriate measures for effective human resource development 1.1.4 Studies Related to the Role and Necessity of High-quality Human Resource Development The viewpoint that hunting, training and employment of high-quality human resources is currently a shared urgent and strategic issue of all nations, localities and socio-economic industries amid global integration and crisis has been widely supported 1.2 Related Research Results and Research Contents of the Dissertation 1.2.1 Scientific Values of Previous Studies to be Referred First, the previous studies have provided a general and clear description of humans, human resources, human resource quality and human resource development, from both theoretical and practical perspectives, in our country and other countries in the world today Second, the role and significance of human resources, in general, and high-quality human resources, in particular, in the development of organizations, countries and peoples have been affirmed in many studies Also, the need for human resource quality improvement as a prerequisite for socio-economic development, with the prominent role of education and training in human resource development has been emphasized Third, considerable studies have investigated and figured out the current situation of human resources and their quality in Vietnam, with specific advantages, limitations and causes associated with human resource development to satisfy the needs of socio-economic development in the context of increasing innovation, industrialization, modernization and international integration Fourth, high-quality human resources, knowledgebased human resources, digital human resources, etc., and their roles in international integration, fourth industrial revolution and knowledge-based economy have also been topics of several studies 1.2.2 Research Gaps First, most of the previous studies have just concentrated on shedding theoretical light on human resources, high-quality human resources and highquality human resource development, from various perspectives, at a macro and national scale while there are few research papers on high-quality human resources and their development in industrial zones at a provincial level (micro or local scale) Second, the necessity of high-quality human resource development or socio-economic development has been asserted by most of the studies Third, some studies have suggested solutions and recommendations for improving the quality of human resources, in general, and developing high-quality human resources, in particular 1.2.3 Research Contents of the Dissertation 1) The Dissertation reviews the literature on research problems on human resources, high-quality human resources and the development of high-quality human resources 2) Based on the selected scientific values of the reviewed studies, the dissertation systematically clarifies the concepts of high-quality human resources and high-quality human resource development in industrial zones, thereby determining the connotation, basic characteristics and constituent elements of high-quality human resources; develops criteria for high-quality human resource evaluation; finds, systematizes, and analyzes factors influencing the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province 3) The dissertation systematically analyzes and develops the theoretical framework on high-quality human resource development; establishes a system of tools, measures, methods, policies or specific activities with respect to highquality human resource development; clarifies the actors of high-quality human resource development in association with activities, tools and methods to act on high-quality human resources in industrial zones, focusing on identifying actors in provincial State regulatory authorities in the development of human resources in industrial zones, in general, and high-quality human resources, in particular 4) National and international experience is explored through analyzing and comparing characteristics, thereby drawing lessons learned for industrial zones in Vietnam, in general, and industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province, in particular 5) The dissertation concentrates on examining and analyzing the current situation of high-quality human resource development in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province, ultimately concluding achievements, limitations and causes of high-quality human resource development in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province On such basis, solutions to the development of highquality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province as well as some recommendations to State authorities on the development of highquality human resources in industrial zones, in general, and Vinh Phuc province, in particular, are proposed Chapter 2: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ON DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES IN INDUSTRIAL ZONES 2.1 Some Related Concepts 2.1.1 Industrial Zone The term “industrial zone” has been so far defined from different points of view, however, according to the author, an industrial zone refers to a location where enterprises are earmarked for the production of industrial goods and performance of services therefor, with defined geographical boundaries, and established under the conditions, sequences and procedures prescribed by the Government 2.1.2 Human Resources Despite a variety of different understandings of human resources, in the present dissertation, human resources of an organization mean all employees with certain physical strength, mental strength, and mind power, working or engaging in affairs of the organization on a stable and permanent basis 2.1.3 High-quality Human Resources Currently, there are diverse concepts of high-quality human resources, however, the author agrees with the idea that high-quality human resources are a part of the workforce, capable of satisfying the complicated working requirements, creating high yield and efficiency, and making significant contributions to the development of the organization and society For the purposes of the present study, high-quality human resources are construed to be a quintessential part of human resources in an organization, made up of those who possess all the high qualifications expected by the organization, capable of satisfying the complicated working requirements, creating high yield and efficiency and making outstanding contributions to the development of the organization and society 2.1.4 Development of High-quality Human Resources Due to different broad and narrow approaches, human resource development has been understood differently In a broad sense, human resource development involves education, training and the use of human potential to promote socio-economic development and improve quality of life In a narrow sense, human resource development is adding both material and mental, both intellectual and spiritual values to people, as well as professional skills, making them new qualified employees, meeting significant requirements and heightening socio-economic development 2.2 Characteristics of High-quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones First, high-quality human resources in industrial zones are industrial labor forces Second, they are the most important advantage to further extend investment in developing industrial zones, thereby promoting industrialization, modernization and development of the market-oriented economy Third, they are the key to the success in assuming the functions and tasks of industrial zones or responding to all high requirements in the operation of enterprises in industrial zones 2.3 Criteria for Evaluating High-quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones 2.3.1 Quantity Criterion - High-quality human resources must be sufficient for all activities of relevant organizations at all times This is reflected in the balance between the required labor force of the enterprise (or labor demand) and its number of existing employees 2.3.2 Criteria for High-quality Human Resource Evaluation 2.3.2.1 Physical strength Criteria for high-quality human resource evaluation vary by job position Normally, high-quality human resources must satisfy the minimum requirements of the job positions assigned and ensure good health to successfully accomplish their tasks at work 2.3.2.2 Mental strength - High-quality human resources must have high professional and technical qualifications according to the job requirements which are demonstrated by their recognized qualifications and training expertise at college degree or higher or worker’s degree of level or higher according to the 5-level qualification framework for civilian occupations and the 7-level qualification framework for national defense personnel; have practical competencies shown at a high-skill level and work achievements; be recognized by the employers as high-quality when: (i) they can perform complicated tasks; (ii) they are good or excellent workers; (iii) they are highly-skilled workers at level or higher; (iv) they create a high yield; (v) they contribute initiatives and technical improvements 2.3.3 Criteria for Human Resource Structure Evaluation The labor proportion is consistent with the organizational structure in 11 credit and tax supports, etc should be developed; (iv) A close cooperation between schools and FDI enterprises in human resource training for the fourth industrial revolution is required; (v) The current fourth industrial revolution has been globally following the combination of virtual and physical systems, expected to create changes in existing production methods and global value chains; (vi) The multi-industry industrial zone model in recent times has caused low efficiency of land use, a small number of high-quality human resources in enterprises in industrial zones, a large proportion of unskilled laborers and inadequate attention to the technological level of secondary investors Chapter 3: CURRENT SITUATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHQUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES IN INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN VINH PHUC PROVINCE 3.1 Introduction about Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Province 3.1.1 History of Establishment and Development Initially, the province just had an industrial zone named Kim Hoa Industrial Zone established in 1998 under the approval of the Government Over 20 years, it has become home to 18 industrial zones with a total scale of 5,228 hectares, 11 of which occupies a planned total area of 2,323.94 hectares The occupancy rate of industrial land with existing infrastructure is over 70% 3.1.2 Some Basic Characteristics of Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Province 3.1.2.1 Development of Industrial Zones in the Period 2017-2019 In the period 2017-2019, Vinh Phuc province had seven industrial zones subject to a large number of investment projects In 2019, industrial zones existed and were subject to a wide range of investment projects 3.1.2.2 Operational Outcomes in Industrial Zones in the Period 2017 -2019 Table 3.2: Operational outcomes of enterprises operating in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province for the period 2017 - 2019 No Operational targets 2017 2018 2019 2,759.62 3,588.84 4,040.65 Turnover Export value (USD million) 1,819.35 2,651 3,102.36 Payment to the State budget 1,487.3 2,013.16 2,661.98 (VND billion) Source: Vinh Phuc Management Board of Industrial Zones 12 3.1.2.3 Characteristics of Human Resources Currently, Vinh Phuc province is home to 11 active industrial zones covering nearly 200 enterprises and attracting tens of thousands of employees each year Industrial zones have created a large number of jobs, effectively contributing to hunger eradication and poverty reduction, reducing unemployment and increasing new workers with high technical expertise and a sense of discipline 3.2 Analysis of Current Situation of Development of High-quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Province 3.2.1 Current Situation of Quantitative Development of High-quality Human Resources Table 3.5: High-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province in the period 2017-2020 Industrial zone 2017 2018 2019 2020 Khai Quang 7400 8856 8828 9269 Binh Xuyen 1+2 1958 2837 3404 3659 Ba Thien 1+2 1336 2976 3743 4290 Kim Hoa 1199 1421 1660 Tam Duong 324 69 96 154 Thang Long Vinh Phuc 34 75 104 130 Total 11,052 16,012 17,596 19,162 Source: Report of Vinh Phuc Management Board of Industrial Zones 3.2.2 Current Situation of Improvement of High-quality Human Resources 3.2.2.1 Improvement of Physical Strength In the period 2017-2020, the health of employees was relatively stable Specifically, according to the annual health classification results, the rate of high-quality employees with class-A and B health accounted for over 99.6% of the total employees while the rate of those with impaired health, occupational diseases and accidents, and loss of workability was approximately 0.12% Enterprises have paid adequate attention to the improvement of working conditions intending to ensure and maintain the health of employees For the period 2017 to 2020, most of the enterprises in the industrial zones invested in upgrading their equipment, machines and techniques to improve working conditions 3.2.2.2 Improvement of Mental Strength For mental strength improvement of employees, enterprises in industrial zones have taken the following actions: (i) Improvement of recruitment quality; (ii) Organization of training and retraining courses to improve 13 employees’ qualifications and skills; (iii) Fostering of professional knowledge, skills, IT knowledge and foreign languages; (iv) Organization of competitions for skilled workers and exams for grade rise; and (v) Organization of study tours 3.2.2.3 Improvement of Mind Power To improve mind power, enterprises in industrial zones have implemented: (i) Raising awareness of discipline and industrial style; (ii) Strengthening measures to inspect and supervise work behavior and discipline; (iii) Communication and education on politics, ideology and professional ethics 3.2.3 Rationalization of Human Resource structure The proportion of employees with qualifications and skills at level or higher in industrial zones of Vinh Phuc province has increased faster than that of employees with associate or bachelor’s degrees or higher In 2017, the proportion of employees with qualifications and skills at level or higher accounted for 46.72% of the total high-quality employees while this proportion in 2018, 2019 and 2020 was increased to 48.92%, 55.91% and 58.63%, respectively 3.3 Analysis of Existing Factors Influencing the Development of High-quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Province 3.3.1 Non-industrial Zone Related Factors For clarifying the factors influencing the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province, some of the following basic factors are considered: (i) International integration; (ii) State and local policies and laws; (iii) Quality of the education and training system; (iv) Local socio-economic development; (v) Labor supply-demand relationship in the labor market; (vi) Development of the healthcare system 3.3.2 Industrial Zone Related Factors Industrial zone related factors influencing high-quality human resources comprise: (i) Training activities of industrial zones; (ii) Enterprises’ human resource recruitment, arrangement and employment policies; (iii) Employee attraction policies; (iv) Enterprises’ working conditions and environments; (v) Nutritional and healthcare conditions of employees; (vi) Customs, practices and habits of employees; (vii) Awareness and conditions of employees 3.4 Assessment of Current Situation of the Development of Highquality Human Resources in Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Province 3.4.1 Achievements It can be observed from the analysis of the current situation that the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc 14 province has obtained the following achievements regarding (i) High-quality human resource attraction policies; (ii) High-quality human resource training and fostering policies; (iii) Material and mental life of employees; (iv) Scale, quality and structure of high-quality human resources 3.4.2 Limitations and Causes 3.4.2.1 Limitations Despite the mentioned achievements in the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province, the analysis of the current situation of high-quality human resource development reveals some limitations as follows: (i) The high-quality human resource development speed has remained slow, failing to meet the development needs of enterprises and industrial zones; (ii) Training and fostering activities have been still unmethodical, unprofessional, irregular and non-continuous; (iii) No synchronized policies on attraction, recruitment, training and employment of high-quality human resources have existed, leading to no long-term human resource development strategies; (iv) Regarding the scale development of high-quality human resources, despite unchanged stability and slight increase, it has not yet met the needs of duties and policies on attraction, recruitment, training and employment, etc (v) Regarding improvement of high-quality human resource quality, most enterprises have not established effective measures to improve the quality of their human resources, in general, and high-quality human resources, in particular; (vi) Regarding rationalization of human resource structure, most enterprises in industrial zones have no longterm human resource strategies in place and are quite passive in planning and consolidating organizational and personnel structure, resulting in their improper labor arrangement and assignment; (vii) Although the lives of employees including high-quality human resources have been improved, their actual needs have not been fulfilled, and their salaries and income are insufficient for labor regeneration 3.4.2.2 Causes (i) As a purely agricultural province, Vinh Phuc has a majority of workers engaging in the agricultural sector and limited high-quality human resources in the industrial and service sectors in both quantity and quality (ii) Training activities and quality fail to meet the requirements of enterprises in industrial zones; besides, the training contents are inconsistent with profession and reality Facing many challenges in finance, conditions and resources, enterprises themselves cannot make an adequate investment in the development of human resources, especially high-quality human resources (iii) The attraction of high-quality human resources outside the province has still been challenged by many factors, including an insufficient land fund to 15 build houses for workers (iv) The planning of industrial zone development in Vinh Phuc province is unsynchronized without a strategic vision and clear industrial orientation; (v) The construction and development of industrial zones is inconsistent with the planning of social infrastructure development outside the industrial zone corridor, making it difficult to attract employees for industrial zones (vi) Vocational training fails to meet the requirements of the labor market and is not really associated with the labor market (vii) The network of vocational establishments is unevenly distributed but concentrated in cities and towns, the occupational structure is innovated slowly and inconsistent with the training needs of enterprises and focuses on some traditional occupations such as mechanics, civil electricity, industrial electricity, etc (viii) Attracting a large number of enterprises to contribute to the province’s spearhead industries is unsuccessful; the technical infrastructure system has remained unsynchronized; some industrial zones conducted ineffective compensation, site clearance and investment in capital construction; environmental protection in industrial zones has been found poor, with some industrial zones failing to meet environmental standards as prescribed Chapter 4: SOLUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHQUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES IN INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN VINH PHUC PROVINCE 4.1 Objectives and Directions for Development of High-quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Province 4.1.1 Objectives 4.1.1.1 Overall Objectives To strive for the target “By 2030: “Turing Vinh Phuc into a developed province with state-of-the-art, synchronous and modern socio-economic infrastructure to fundamentally meet the criteria for a centrally-run city and reaching comprehensive and sustainable socio-economic development and the province’s real per capita income of VND 130-135 million” Vision to 2045: “Turning Vinh Phuc into a comprehensively developed city in all aspects of the economy, society and environment, specifically, Vinh Phuc’s economy in the direction of digital and knowledge-based economy, high income and highquality and happy life of local people, progressive culture imbued with a local identity, harmoniously developed society, fresh and worth-living natural environment” 4.1.1.2 Specific Objectives To achieve comprehensive development in the following aspects: (i) economic development; (ii) socio-cultural development with the following specific targets: 16 - The average economic growth rate increases by 8.5 to 9.0%/year - In terms of economic structure, the industry-construction sector accounts for between 61.5% and 62%; the services sector account for between 32 and 32.5%; the agro-forestry and fishery sector accounts for between and 6.5% - The number of new jobs per year increases by 16,000 to 17,000 - The average income of employees in enterprises is twice higher than the regional minimum one 4.1.2 Directions Following the province’s socio-economic development direction, the Management Board of Industrial Zones has determined the development directions of human resources, in general, and high-quality human resources, in particular, as follows: (1) High-quality human resources serve as the most important resources for the rapid and sustainable socio-economic development, a decisive factor in successfully developing Vinh Phuc into a modern industrial province by 2030 It is required to focus on the development of high-quality human resources and talent attraction to ensure sufficient human resources for the development of industrial zones, and investment attraction to incorporate and expand industrial zones in the province (2) Developing human resources, in general, and high-quality human resources, in particular, must follow a strategic vision and close connection with the socio-economic development planning and association with the development needs of industrial zones Consolidating the vocational training system and accelerating vocational training and training of high-quality technical workers serve as a breakthrough; the development of the contingent of leaders and managers in industrial zones should be strengthened (3) Developing high-quality human resources is the shared responsibility of employers, the whole political system, the whole society, families and individuals Enterprises in industrial zones need to adequately invest all resources in developing human resources to meet the operational requirements (4) It is vital to strengthen on-the-job human resources training, expand and apply a variety of training forms in enterprises such as new training, retraining, advanced training and development training, focusing on on-thejob training such as tutoring, job guidance, job rotation, vocational training, combined on-the-job training methods including opening classes close to enterprises, sending employees to training courses delivered by training institutions, organizing conferences and seminars, computer-aided training, online training, case-study training, etc (5) It is required to study, plan and establish training and vocational 17 training centers in association with industrial clusters and zones to ensure the supply of essential on-the-job expertise and professions (6) The connection and expansion of cooperation with vicinities in recruiting and training high-quality human resources should be furthered Shuttle bus services for employees outside the province, mid-shift meals, childcare services (including babysitting, childcare in kindergartens and preschools), and other necessities should be provided for employees 4.2 Some Solutions to Development of High-quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Province 4.2.1 Consolidation of Mechanisms and Policies for Development of High-quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones 4.2.1.1 Basis for Proposed Solution One of the current challenges posed to Vinh Phuc province is the insufficiency of human resources, especially high-quality human resources for the development of industrial zones 4.2.1.2 Proposed Solution Supporting high-quality human resource attraction and retention requires proper mechanisms and policies Therefore, it is first necessary to focus on the following mechanisms and policies: * State regulatory authorities (1) Implementing the industrial zone investment promotion program in a focused, practical and effective way (2) Further innovating and improving the effectiveness of investment attraction (3) Accelerating investment in the construction of technical infrastructure and sustainable development of industrial zones, ensuring a stable business environment for enterprises (4) Improving the state governance for the management of industrial zones, providing legal assistance, strengthening post-inspection, solving difficulties and problems, facilitating the development of enterprises (5) Renovating and improving the state governance on human resource development * Vinh Phuc Management Board of Industrial Zones First, reviewing and adjusting the established planning of industrial zones, with an investment focus on advantageous areas other than all districts and cities of the province; directing the development of specialized industrial zones and a new model of industrial zones under the Government’s Decree No 82/2018/ND-CP dated May 22, 2018, regulating the management of industrial zones and economic zones Second, enhancing the infrastructure construction quality of industrial 18 zones in sync with social infrastructure and public utilities in service of the industrial zones; keeping infrastructure inside and outside the industrial zone corridor connected; providing the maximal assistance for attracting investors to build the infrastructure of industrial zones, seeking business opportunities and selecting financially sound and experienced investors to develop infrastructure of industrial zones Third, improving the quality of attracting investment in industrial zones and gradually increasing the occupancy rate of industrial zones; prioritizing industries and production fields with advanced, modern and eco-friendly technologies and industries identified as spearheads and advantages of development in the province; privatizing mobilization and promotion of investment in industrial zones, and collaborating with infrastructure investors in attracting investment, such as promoting marketing and investment in potential markets, etc Fourth, further supporting licensed investors through, among others, legal counselling services for enterprises; strengthening the coordination among the provincial authorities in the legal inspection and examination of investment, construction and environmental protection in industrial zones, and strictly handling violations committed by enterprises Fifth, paying attention to the development of social infrastructure in industrial zones; calling for and attracting projects for investment in building houses for workers; building cultural institutions such as community houses, schools, health stations and clinics, etc., in areas with densely industrial zones, and parking lots for workers’ shuttle buses in industrial zones Sixth, further boosting administrative reform Given the increasing number of industrial zones and enterprises in the province, administrative reform regarding the State governance of industrial zones, especially the adoption of one-stop shop (OSS) convenient administrative procedures at the Management Board of Industrial Zones, has become more necessary than ever to create a favorable business and investment environment Seventh, strengthening training and development of direct human resources with appropriate skills, with a priority given to the development of a highly qualified workforce to acquire and ultimately master the technology; expanding the cooperation in labor training among localities in the region, especially Hanoi, and international partners, for the training of human resources for the province * Enterprises in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province (i) Taking the initiative and coordinating with the State regulatory authorities in charge of labor and the Management Board of Industrial Zones in the strategies for high-quality human resource development, proposing 19 specific mechanisms and policies in human resource development, eliminating difficulties and compensating the shortage of high-quality human resources to meet the needs of enterprises’ business development strategies (ii) Developing entitlements and policies to encourage the attraction, retention and development of high-quality human resources; in this regard, paying attention to entitlements and policies on salary, bonus, welfare entitlements, services, social insurance, health insurance and other remuneration entitlements (iii) Attaching importance to investing in resources, especially funding, facilities, teachers and skilled workers to enhance training, fostering and improvement of professional and technical qualifications, skills, and workmanship for employees (iv) Establishing long-term strategies and plans for high-quality human resource development, satisfactorily accomplishing forecasting, planning, recruitment, training and human resource arrangement associated with and serving the development strategy of each enterprise (v) Expanding cooperation and association with organizations and individuals in recruitment and training of additional high-quality human resources, accessing to domestic and foreign labor markets 4.2.1.3 Conditions for Implementing the Solution - The consensus of views, guidelines, ideas and actions is required thorough the political system; all resources should be mobilized for the development of human resources to meet the needs of the development of industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province - Administrative reform should be accelerated to create a favorable business environment and attract all resources and investment both at home and abroad - Enterprises, actors of human resource development, need to proactively and creatively seek to develop high-quality human resources effectively, focus on building and amending entitlements and policies for employees and ensure that entitlements and policies are competitive in practice in attracting, retaining and developing high-quality human resources - The system of vocational training institutions in industrial clusters or zones in Vinh Phuc province should be in place to meet the demand for highquality human resources for industrial clusters or zones in the province - It is required to strengthen and expand the cooperation among and interconnection of regions, areas, neighboring localities, organizations and individuals in the work of attraction, training and development of human resources 4.2.1.4 Expected Outcomes of Solutions - Incorporating a system of synchronized mechanisms and policies to create a favorable investment environment, ensuring effective attraction, 20 retention and development of high-quality human resources - Establishing a system of competitive mechanisms and policies to encourage and attract high-quality human resources, promote employees to voluntarily attend training courses, study and update knowledge and improve professional qualifications, techniques and skills to meet the requirements of assignments and gain opportunities for promotion and development in career 4.2.2 Training and Development of High-quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones 4.2.2.1 Basis for Proposed Solution Training is important not only for employees and society but also enterprises, especially amid international integration, the fourth industrial revolution and towards a knowledge-based economy Enterprises are required to improve their competitiveness, particularly competencies of human resources 4.2.2.2 Proposed Solution (1) Enhancing capabilities of vocational training centers and institutions in the province and industrial zones (2) Strengthening the training in enterprises (3) Expanding and boosting connection and cooperation in developing high-quality human resources in industrial zones 4.2.2.3 Conditions for Implementing the Solutions - An overall strategy on human resource development for industrial zones in the province is needed - It is critical to conduct planning on the development of industrial zones, reorganize the system of establishments and vocational training centers to ensure the supply of human resources for industrial zones - Enterprises actively balance financial resources, materials facilities and personnel to invest in attracting, recruiting, retaining and training high-quality human resources, study and apply various forms and methods of training across enterprises (including on-the-job and off-the-job training, training for managers and workers) - Mechanisms and policies should be in place to adequately encourage and support employees, provide funds and time for employees to attend external training and retaining courses, seminars, visits, experience, good worker contests, exams for grade rise, promotion and career development 4.2.2.4 Expected Outcomes of the Solution - Establishing training institutions and vocational training centers of the province to supply high-quality human resources meeting the needs of human resources in the labor market of the province and enterprises in industrial zones in the province 21 - Satisfying the demand for high-quality human resources of enterprises in industrial zones of the province in terms of quantity and quality according to the job and operational requirements - Each industrial cluster and zone and enterprise arranges adequate facilities, funding and trainers for training - Enterprises and industrial zones build the association and cooperative relationship to ensure constant training with sufficient scale and training demand to increase the effectiveness of training and ensure thorough training for new employees in all cases 4.2.3 Attraction of High-quality Human Resources for Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Province 4.2.3.1 Basis for the Proposed Solution One of the basic prerequisites for high-quality human resource development is to attract qualified human resources to work in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province 4.2.3.2 Proposed Solution (1) Diversifying sources and methods of attracting and recruiting qualified human resources (2) ) Strengthening measures to improve material and mental life for highquality human resources (3) Improving the material and mental life of high-quality human resources in industrial zones 4.2.3.3 Conditions for Implementing the Solutions - Vinh Phuc Provincial People’s Committee, in coordination with the Management Board of Industrial Zones in the area and enterprises, need to develop master planning and plans on human resources in industrial zones in association with the general human resource development strategies of the localities to provide the basis for deploying and implementing appropriate measures to attract high-quality human resources - Strengthening communication and raising awareness of position, role and importance of high-quality human resources in enterprises in industrial zones - Building and developing a data center of labor and population, including high-quality human resources of Vinh Phuc province, providing basic information for attracting high-quality human resources of enterprises in industrial zones in the area 4.2.3.4 Expected Outcome of the Solution - Attracting high-quality human resources in Vinh Phuc province and some vicinities to work for enterprises in industrial zones, meeting the needs 22 of high-quality human resources to serve the development strategies of the province up to 2025, a vision to 2030 - Gradually increasing income, improving the life of high-quality human resources in industrial zones, strengthening the connection between highquality human resources and enterprises in industrial zones to accomplish the goal of sustainable socio-economic development - Improving the competitiveness of high-quality human resources in Vinh Phuc province 4.2.4 Implementation of Synchronized Measures to Improve the Quality of Human Resources in Industrial Zones 4.2.4.1 Basis for the Proposed Solution Building high-quality human resources requires enterprises and employees themselves to make constant efforts to perfect all qualities in response to the set requirements 4.2.4.2 Proposed Solution (1) Improvement of physical strength; (2) Improvement of mental strength; (3) Improvement of mind power; (4) Reasonable structure of human resources 4.2.4.3 Conditions for Implementing the Solution - Vinh Phuc Provincial People’s Committee, in general, and Vinh Phuc Management Board of Industrial Zones, in particular, should promulgate regulations on the responsibilities of enterprises in the area/within the scope of management regarding improvement of human resource quality - There should be a standardized management title system for each job position, technical worker grade criteria, and a labor norm system as grounds and targets for enterprises in industrial zones in the province to improve human resource quality - Methods of determining individual performance as the basis for the establishment of the salary scale, payroll and payment at enterprises should be set out 4.2.4.4 Expected Outcomes of the Solution - Improving the quality of human resources, thereby raising the standards of high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province - Enhancing the average productivity of enterprises in industrial zones in the area, reducing the rate of occupational accidents and arising social problems - Strengthening the connection between employees and enterprises, between enterprises and the Management Board of Industrial Zones, thereby securing the demand for high-quality human resources to achieve the development goals of each enterprise as well as the locality 23 CONCLUSION The success of every organization relies on its human resources, especially high-quality human resources Theyalso secure all conditions for sustainable socio-economic development of the country, the respective locality and organization Amid the global integration, the fourth industrial revolution and the orientation tothe knowledge-based economy, the development of human resources, in general, and high-quality human resources, in particular, play a pivotal role that is vital and decisive for the overall development For sustainable development and enhanced competitiveness, it is, thus, more necessary than ever for provinces to stimulate investment in developing human resources, especially high-quality human resources As a Northern midland and mountainous province, Vinh Phuc is rated with great potential for development, and is also a dynamic and creative actor in the course of development and innovation During industrialization and modernization, Vinh Phuc province has obtained diverse achievements donating to the national development It has recently taken advantage of opportunities to attract more investment, including foreign direct investment Planned, established and developed industrial and export processing zones in Vinh Phuc province have been and promise to achieve additional successes in the future These results are attributable to different factors, including the role of human resources, especially high-quality human resources in industrial zones in the province Thanks tothe province’s creative efforts and pertinent guidelines, policies and solutions, its human resources have constantly grown in both quality and quantity to satisfy the needs for the province‘s socio-economic development, in general, and for the development of industrial zones within the province, in particular However, besides the positive aspects and achievements, the development of human resources, especially high-quality human resources, still has limitations to beaddressed From theories and practical experience in developing high-quality human resources in industrial zones, the author realized the necessity to investigate the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones, uncover the causes of limitations, andproposes solutions to the adequate development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province The results of the present study have essentially satisfied the set research objectives and topics such as: - Systematizing and developing a theoretical framework for the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones - Offering an in-depth insight into the current situation of high-quality human resource development and factors influencing such development in 24 industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province, and concluding the positive aspects, limitations and causes in developing high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province; - Proposing feasible solutions to the development of high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province These solutions can be adopted by the State regulatory authorities and enterprises for making policies and strategieson developing high-quality human resources in industrial zones in Vinh Phuc province, and by other localities with similar characteristics and properties for developing general human resources and local high-quality human resources in industrial zones Despite numerous studies mentioning and investigating the development of human resources and high-quality human resources, including the context of industrial zones, this problem remains topical, novel and critical for further research Recognizing the significance of the research problem, the author has left no stone unturned in research and analysis to shed light on the problem Yet, due to the author's limited experience and expertise, shortcomings and limitations are inevitable Scientists‘ comments are highly appreciated The author will seriously absorb and integrate them into the thesis for completion LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF AUTHORS RELATED TO THESIS THEME Do Huy Thang (2016), “Developing High-Quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Provinces”, Article Economy and Forecast Review, Issue No 27, p.53 Do Huy Thang (2020), “Developing High-Quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones in Some Localities and Lessons Learnt for Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Provinces”, Month-End Issue, Asian - Pacific Economic Review, p 31 Do Huy Thang (2021), “Developing High-Quality Human Resources in Industrial Zones in Vinh Phuc Provinces”, Article Economy and Forecast Review, Issue No 02, p.61 ... Provincial Party Committee, People’s Council and People’s Committee have issued many documents directing relevant departments and agencies in the province to implement strong measures to support... strictly handling violations committed by enterprises Fifth, paying attention to the development of social infrastructure in industrial zones; calling for and attracting projects for investment... Minh Nhan Examiner 2: Assoc Prof Dr Le Thanh Ha Examiner 3: Assoc Prof Dr Pham Thuy Huong The thesis is schedule to be examined at the Academic Thesis Committee at Trade Union University at date: