... con-cepts of systems, complexity, and chaos with features of stability and instability, linearity and nonlinearity, bifurcation, attractor, etc., each constituting an impor-tant feature of one of ... et al [12] demonstrated the need for a degree of chaos in a healthy heart. An electrocardiogram without a degree of chaos actually reflects an underlying cardiac ab-normality, especially the ... lack of adaptability. These observations support to view that a perfect order is a non-physiological and a non-healthy state. A degree of variability is essential to maintain a complex adaptive...