I . M6B A I
Xuan Di^u la nha tho ciia tinh yeu va tuoi tre la "ong hoang cua thi ca tinh yeu". Truoc each mang Xuan D i f u noi tieng voi hai tap Tho tha va Gui huong cho gio. Chinh hai tap tho ay da dua ten tuoi ciia Xuan Di^u tra thanh "Nha tha moi nhat trong cac nha tho moi". Bai tho "Vpi vang" nam trong tap "Tho tho" la bai tho rat tieu bieu cho phong each tho aia Xuan Di^u. Tac pham de lai dau an ve npi dung va ngh^ thuat dae sac ma tieu bieu la doan tha sau day:
Ta muon 6m , ^
Hoi xuan hong, ta muon can vao nguoi!
II. T H A N B A I
1. K h a i quat: Bai tha "Vpi vang" nam trong tap "Tha tho", xua't ban nam
1938, la bai tho tieu bieu ciia tap tho noi rieng, ciia hon tho xuan Di§u noi chung. Ca bai tho the hifn mpt nhan sinh quan mang y nghia nhan ban sau sac. Thien duong la 6 ngay tren mat da't chiing ta v o i biet bao dieu hap dan va quyen rii. V i vay, hay yeu men, hay gan bo va song het m i n h voi cupc song *hyc tai day tuoi vui nay. No bpc Ip niem ham song, khat song, tan huong den ^0 bien va tuypt dich a i a thi nhan. No lam ta nha tai cau tho trong bai tho " H u
ciia nha tho:
Toi ke dua rang bau mat troi '"h
Ke dung trai t i m triu mau dat " Hai tay chin mong bam vao doi ' '
^ ph§n trgj, j j ^ j ^Yio, thi si luan giai cho nguoi dpc thay dupe tao hoa c6
^ "^a con nguoi de mai mai huong lac thii a cho'n tran gian nay dau. Doi ngan ngiii, tuoi xuan c6 han va thoi gian troi di vinh vien khong tro lai.
u w i i i iiung •wyTi
V i vay t h i nhan "giuc gia" chiing ta phai "nhanh len", "vQi vang len" de tan h u o n g biia ti^c cua tran gian k h i ma "mua chua nga chieu horn", k h i ma x u l n dang non, xuan chua gia:
" M a u d i thoi mua chua nga chieu horn Va bai: ; , " E m ai em tinh non sap gia r o i "
Co le chinh v i vay ma thi nhan da khep lai bai tho bang m o t do?n tho mang sac m a u ai an manh H^t. 6 do ta thay dugc su v 6 vap, d a m say rat dgj Xuan Dieu.
2. N 6 i d u n g p h a n t i c h :
a. Doan tha m d dau bang ba chu " T a muon 6m" n h u phoi bay ra het sit ham ho va cuong nhi^t ciia Xuan D i ? u voi cupc song tran the: Trudc do nha ham ho va cuong nhi^t ciia Xuan D i ? u voi cupc song tran the: Trudc do nha
tho x u n g " t o i " v o i uoc m u o n tao bao "tat nang, buoc g i o " n h u n g 6 doan tho cuoi nay cai toi ay da hoa thanh cai ta chung de tan h u o n g het n h u n g huong sac cua cuoc d o i . Ngay lien do la cau tho the hi§n cai t u o i non cua "Ca cuoc song m o i bat dau m o n m a n " . " M a n m o n " la tvr lay rat ggi cam va giau y nghia dien ta. N o goi cam giac su vat, cay coi dang 6 do non m u a t , t u o i tot day sue song "Thang gieng ngon n h u mpt cap m o i gan", khien cho t h i nhan tran len bao khao khat:
"Ta 6 m bo canh tay ta lam ran L a m day da quart quyt ca v u a n xuan K h o n g m u o n d i , mai mai 6 v u o n tran Chan hoa re de hiit miia d u o i dat"
(Thanh nien)
b. V a dang sau khao khat "6m ca s u song mon motn" ay la nhimg cau tho manh bao, gap gap, gi\ic gia tran day noi yeu: manh bao, gap gap, gi\ic gia tran day noi yeu:
Ta m u o n riet may dua va gio l u g n Ta m u o n say canh b u o m v o i tinh yeu Ta m u o n thau trong mpt cai hon nhieu Va non nuoc, va cay, va c6 rang
Cho chenh choang m u i tham, cho da day anh sang n ^ Cho no ne thanh sac ciia thoi t u o i
M p t doan tho ngan ma c6 toi bo'n, nam t u "ta m u o n " dupe lap d i , lap lai n h u nhip di^u hoi ha, n h u h o i tho gap gap ciia thi nhan. C h u n g to Xuan D i f u nong nhi?t den roi rit, cuong quyt, n h u m u o n cung liic giang tay 6 m het ca via tru, ca cupc d o i , miia xuan vao long m i n h . Song n h u the v o i Xuan Dieu m o i thuc la
s6'ng, m a i d i den tan cimg cua niem hanh phuc dupe s6'ng. Di$p ngu "Ta
m u o n " n h u y nghia ciia no da noi len dupe cai ham m u o n khat them den han'
OA... . .
, ^uong nhiet cua nha tho. Thi nhan n h u m u o n 6m het vao long m i n h "may ^^'a l u p n " , m u o n dam say v o i "canh b u o m tinh y e u " , m u o n gom het ^^'a l u p n " , m u o n dam say v o i "canh b u o m tinh y e u " , m u o n gom het , j5rig nguc tre t r u n g ay " m p t cai hon nhieu". M u o n t h u het vao hon nhua g'ng dat dao "Va non nuoc, va cay, va c6 rang". De roi, chang n h u con ong bay '^^ nhuy d o i cho den say "chenh choang" hiit cho da cho day anh sang, /'Cho no ne thanh sac ciia thai t u o i " m o i lao dao bay d i .
Cau tho: ; -
"Cho chenh choang m u i thom, cho da day anh sang . t i Cho no ne thanh sac ciia thoi t u o i " A t ' : i>i j?!
E)iep t u "cho" v o i nhip dp tang tien nhan manh cac cap dp khat vpng huang thu dat den dp thoa thue, sung man, trpn ven. Xuan D i ^ u m u o n tan huong cupc song cho den "no ne", "chenh choang", "da day". Trong niem cam hiing o dp cao nhat, Xuan D i ^ u nhan ra cupc doi, miia xuan n h u m p t cai gi quy nhat, trpn ven n h u m p t trai doi do hong, chin mpng, t h o m ngat, ngpt ngao, xuan hong, de cho nha tho tan huong trong niem khao khat cao dp.
Tha Xuan Dieu c6 dac t r u n g la su v6 vap, cuong nhiet, manh bao. M o i mpt Ian khao khat "Ta m u o n " thi lai d i lien voi mpt dpng tir chi trang thai yeu duong m6i liic m p t manh me, nong nan hon " 6 m - su song" - "riet - may dua, gio lupn" - "say - canh b u o m , tinh yeu" - "thau - cai hon nhieu", de cuoi cung la mpt tieng keu ciia su cuong nhi^t, dam say the hi^n niem yeu d o i , khat song chua tung c6 trong tho ca Viet N a m " H o i xuan hong, ta m u o n can vao nguoi!". Day chinh la d i n h diem ciia su khao khat chay bong ciia nha tho.
Duoi ngoi biit ciia Xuan Di?u va trong anh mat "xanh non", "biec ron" ciia thi si, miia xuan hien len ro ret va s6hg dpng n h u c6 h i n h c6 dang, c6 hon c6
sac "Xuan hong". M i i a xuan n h u m6i, n h u ma ciia m p t n g u o i thieu nix tre
trung, tran tre nhua song va dep xinh, trinh nguyen dang rao rue yeu duong, hay n h u mpt qua chin ngpt t h o m trong v u o n "Thang gieng ngon n h u m p t cap gan". D u n g truac cai hap dan ciia miia xuan, cupc song, t h i sT hinh n h u khong nen noi long yeu da d i den m p t cii chi ciing that dang yeu:
"Ta m u o n can vao nguoi !"
Co le trong cac bai tho ciia Xuan Dieu truoc Cach mang thi day la nhirng \'an tho Xuan Dieu nhat. V i m o i cau, moi chir deu mang h o i tho nong nan,
*^3m say, ham song ciia "mpt nha tho m o i nhat trong cac nha tho m a i " . 3. D a n h g i a c h u n g ve n o i d u n g v a n g h e t h u a t :
n p i d u n g , doan tho noi rieng va bai tho noi chung da the hien cai t6i ca J^han day say me, rao rue. Xuan Dieu da bpc 16 m p t cai toi tran day su them dupe song, dupe tan h u o n g m p t each cuong nhi?t n h i i n g thanh sac ciia ^^9c doi. Thi si n h u m u o n giang rpng ca d6i tay, ca long nguc ciia m i n h de don
nhiin mua xuan ciia tinh yeu, ciia tuoi tre. N o i khat them ay la xuat phat t u rriot quan ni#m nhan sinh tien bp, tich eye cua Xuan D i ^ u truoc C U Q C d a i : M a u chu v p i vang len v d i chu/ Em a i em tinh non da gia roi (Due Da).
Ve ngh§ thuat, thanh cong ciia doan tho chinh la n h o vao m p t so' yeu to
ngh$ t h u a t : d i ^ p n g u "Ta muon" dugc lap d i l^p lai nhieu I a n ; su dung dorig tvr manh : thau, riet, say, hon, can; gipng di?u say me; nhip d i ^ u gap gap, chuyen doi the tho linh ho^t; t u n g i i tao bgo the hien cai toi tran day cam xuc cua tac gia.
III. K E T BAI
Tom doan t h a ta vfra phan tich a tren la mpt doan tho hay nha't trong bai tho Vpi vang. Doan t h o da giiip ta hinh d u n g duoc tarn hon Xuan Dieu,
mot cai toi yeu doi, giau xiic cam, mot nhan sinh quan tien bp ve cupc doi. Voi
nhung gi the hi?n 6 tren, Xuan D i ^ u rat xung dang v o i danh hi$u: " N h a tho mod nha't trong cac nha tho mod" (Hoai Thanh).
4: Nhan dinh ve niem khat khao tan hirong s\ song trong bai tha Voi Vang cua Xuan Di?u, tvmg c6 y kien cho ring: "do Id tiehg noi cua cai Voi Vang cua Xuan Di?u, tvmg c6 y kien cho ring: "do Id tiehg noi cua cai toi vi ki tieu cue". Lai c6 y kien khang dinh: "do Id tiehg noi cua cai toi ca
nhan tich cue".
Tvr ckm nhan ciia minh ve niem khat khao do, anh/chj hay binh luan
nhtrng y kien tren.
D A N BAI 1. Vai n6t ve tac gia va tac pham: 1. Vai n6t ve tac gia va tac pham:
- Xuan D i ^ u la nha tho Ion ciia phong trao Tho m o i ; h o n tho luon khat khao giao cam v o i dod va tan huong su song; phong each tha m a i me, dpc dao,