trong phong each nghe thu^t ciia Nguyin Tuan.
H A N H P H U C C U A M O T T A N G G I A
Vu Trong Phung „ _ _ „
» LCJI BINH VE VU TRQNG PHUNG
• Luru Trpng L u nhan x6t v6 con ngudi Vil Trong Phung:
"Tren trang viet Vu Trpng Phung sac sao bao nhieu thi trong cupc doi Via Trpng Phung cang chan thanh bay nhieu.Con nguoi ay khong giet qua mpt con muoi. Nhung that ki di^u, van chuong ciia con nguoi ay lam cho ke trpc phii phai giat minh, ke truong gia phai cau kinh."
Doc "So' do" nhieu nha nghien ciiu nhan xet: "Day la cai bi ciia nguoi chet, cai hai ciia xa hpi, cai v6 phiic ciia gia dinh giau sang lam tien nhieu ciia nhung thieu tinh nguoi".
* Ldi ddu cu6n s&ch "Vu Trpng Phyng t&c phim va ltd binh" NXB
Van Hpc, nam 2012:
Nhac den Vu Trpng Phyng nguai ta nghi ngay toi mpt nha van tai hoa
nhung bac menh. Co nang khieu ngh$ thuat tu nho, ong sang tac tu rat som va thir nghi^m minh tren nhieu the loai: viet bao, viet kjch, sang tac truy#n ngSn, truyen viia, tieu thuyet, phe binh van hpc... Nhung c6 the noi, tieu thuyet va phong su la hai the loai thanh cong nhat ciia nha van tai hoa nay. Vu Trpng
Phung dupe bao gioi thai bay gio m§nh danh la "ong vua phong sv dat Bac", la
nha tieu thuyet trac vi^t".
Voi gipng van sac sao, mang dam chat cham biem, trao phiing va npi dung tu tuong sau sac, cac tac pham ciia Vu Trpng Phung deu huang toi chii
Cihi: itmiy linicii tlii tint hoc i^'xO I'lian !>iiiih ISicu
de hi#n th^c, to cao va vach tran xa h g i Vi?t N a m tnroc Cach mang thang 8 -
mpt xa hQi be boi v d i n h u n g tan tro d o i bi kich. DQC n h i h i g trang van ciia ong,
ngiroi ta khong khoi ngam ngiii, chua chat. Ra d i v i b^nh tat k h i m o i 27 tuoj
doi, k h i tai nang dang dp phat trien rue ro, V i J Trpng Phung de iai trong lang
van va trong long dpc gia m g t cho trong khong de gi khoa lap.
'^i ra: phan tich ngh$ thuat trao phung trong chucmg " H ^ n h phiic ciia
mqt tang gia" (Trich So Do cua V u Trqng Phung) H l / d N G D A N C H I T I E T
I . M 6 B A I
V i i Trpng Phung la cay but c6 sue sang tao doi dao. O n g da de lai mpt so
l u g n g tac pham do sp, tieu bieu nhat la phong s\f, tieu thuyet n h u "So do",
"Cam bay n g u o i " , " K y nghe lay Tay", "Triing so dpc dac"... Sang tac cua V u Trpng Phung phan anh chan thuc hi§n thuc xa hoi den toi, thoi nat duong
thoi hang but phap trao phiing dac sac. Dac biet la doan trich " H a n h phiic ciia
mpt tang gia" (trich "So do") the hi^n ro net nhat biit phap trao phxing bac thay ciia ong.
II. T H A N B A I
1. K h a i quat truo'c k h i phan tich:
" H a n h phiic ciia mpt tang gia" la tua de chuong X V ciia tieu thuyet "So d o " . O chuong nay, V i i Trpng Phung mieu ta dam tang ciia cu c6' to, qua do d u n g len mpt man hai kjch v o i mau thuan trao phiing, chan d u n g bie'm hpa c6 gia t r i to cao sau sac. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Vay "nghe thuat trao p h i i n g " la gi? Do la nghe thuat nha van d u n g ngoi biit ciia m i n h de tao ra tieng cuoi tham thiiy nhSm da kich, phe phan m p t d o i tupng hay h i f n tupng xa hoi nao day. O day, chinh la da kich cham biem bpn t u san
giau CO, ram doi dang lam bang hoai nhung gia tri dao diic truyen thong. 2. P h a n tich c u the can dat cac y sau:
a. Mau thuan trao phiing the hi^n ro net 6 cuoi chuong X I V , theo l o i nho
va ciia ong Phan, chau re cu co to, Xuan toe do da chao ong Phan mpc sung ! L o i chao do da khien cu co'to ua't lic v i co co chau gai h u hong va len con b?nh
den noi s3p che't. Xuan sp hai bo chay n h u m p t thang an dp. N h u n g m p i
nguoi lai t u o n g han la thay thuoc chinh h i f u v i gian nen da quen het l u o n g tam nghe nghi^p. Trong k h i Xuan sp hai tro'n tranh, ca gia dinh cu co' to lai mang o n Xuan v i lam cho cu co to chet. Cai che't ciia cu dap u n g su cho mong ciia m p i thanh vien trong gia dinh, v i t u day hp co the chia nhau cai gia tai
kech xu. N h u vay, m p t ke co tpi nhu Xuan ngo dau l ^ i tro thanh co dai cong
y/di &^ d i n h . Xuan cang tron chay sp tpi thi danh dy lai cang to them. Th^t la
dang '^""S n h i i n g ke nao dam n g u o i n h u Xuan la con nha ha l u u , ma ca bong, v 6 hoc, v6 lai, nhat ban quan".
b. Khong phai ngau nhien ma nha van lay nhan de ciia chuong truyen p^y la " H a n h phiic ciia mpt tang gia". Nhan de tao s u chii y, to mo cho nguoi p^y la " H a n h phiic ciia mpt tang gia". Nhan de tao s u chii y, to mo cho nguoi dpc, t?o sv nghich l i , doi lap gay tieng cuoi tham thiiy: "Tang gia", dau don, u buon, am dam. " H a n h phiic", sung suong, dupe thoa man nguyen vpng. Da "tang gia" <^o" 8' "hanh phiic"? N h u n g tac gia da chi ra dupe rat nhieu
cai hanh phiie va rat nhieu nhfrng kich tinh trao phiing khae. N h a van m o dau
doan trich t u cho "Ba h o m sau ong eu gia che't that" ma suo't chuong truyen khong khi c i i rpn ra t u n g birng. Nhan vat trong truyen sung suong, hanh phiic, do la niem hanh phiic eiia mpt gia dinh v6 phiic, niem v u i ciia l i i con chau dai bat hie'u.
c. "Hanh phiic ciia mpt tang gia" chi la mpt chuong nho ciia tac pham "So d6" nhung duong n h u nha van V i i Trpng Phung dat cac nhan vat von di da d6" nhung duong n h u nha van V i i Trpng Phung dat cac nhan vat von di da don mat 6 cac chuong tren vao hoan canh "tang gia" de cai ban chat lira Ipc, bip bpm, that due, bat hieu cang ro net, chan that hon. "Tang gia" g i n vdi dau kho, mat mat nhung o day lai dien ra nghich canh, mpi nguoi trong gia dinh deu hanh phiic, ma niem hanh phiic ay lai dien ra mudn mau mudn ve:
Cu CO H o n g von hie'u danh, thich dupe gia de m p i n g u o i gpi la eo', sung
suong tuong t u p n g ra canh dupe "mac ao x6 gai, eho'ng gay l u k h u , vua ho kh^c, vua khoc me'u", de dupe khen: " U i kia, con giai nhan da gia the'kia a".
Dupe thoai mai hiit thuoc phi^n va gat gong v o i cau "Biet roX kho lam, noi
mai" ma thang boi tiem dem dupe 1872 Ian.
Vp ehong Van M i n h va ong Typn v u i m u n g v i day la d i p to't de lang xe cac
mot quan ao eiia tiem may A u Hoa va to "ehiic t h u da d i vao thoi k y thuc hanh
chu khong con phai la ly thuye't vien vong nua". Ong Van M i n h v a i khuon mat
hpp voi nha co d a m " da lua dupe ca thien ha v i ai ciing nghl ong co hie'u, thuc khuon mat " d a m d a m chieu chieu" ciia ong la dang phan van khong biet doi
voi Xuan n h u the nao v i Xuan mang "hai cai tpi nho, mpt cai on to".
Ong Phan nhan thay cai sung h u o u tren dau m i n h rat co gia t r i v i ong se ^wp'c them vai nghin dong trong phan chia gia tai.
Co Tuye't sung suong co d j p mac bp vay ngay tho, de chung to m i n h con
^••^ng trang va the hien khuon mat buon lang man rat d i i n g mot (Buon v i Xuan khong den chii khong phai buon v i dam tang).
Cau T i i tan, nhan d j p nay chung m i n h h i f u qua ciia may anh v i cau co may
Cai chet ciia cy co to k h o n g chi l a m cho n g u o i t r o n g gia d i n h cu c6 H o r
v u i s u o n g ma con m a n g hanh p h i i c den cho n h u n g n g u o i ngoai gia d i n h . C a r ,
sat M i n d o va M i n Toa b o n g c6 vi^c l a m va c6 tien. Ban be cvia cy c6' c6 di
khoe cac h u y c h u o n g " v a n tug-ng b p i t i n h " va d i i k i e u rau ria n h u n g sun^ s u o n g nhat va cam d o n g nhat la d u g c n h i n thay Ian da t r a n g thap t h o tren I (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
canh tay v a n g y c Tuyet. Gia d i n h , p h o p h y a n g t u n g b i r n g h u y e n nao nhu ngay h o i . Bpn con chau v 6 tarn ai cGng sung s u o n g thoa t h i c h . . . " N g u o i ta
t u n g b u n g v u i ve d i d u a giay cao pho", goi p h u o n g ken, thue xe d a m m a . . . V o i n h u n g m a n thuan tren, dac bi^t la vi^c m i e u ta t i m i n i e m hanh p h i i c cua m p i n g u o i t r u a c cai chet ciia cy co'to, V i i T r o n g P h y n g da l o t bo mat that cua xa h p i lo lang, c h u p n g h i n h thuc, k h o n g chiit t i n h n g u o i , vach chan t u o n g C L M n h i i n g h a n g n g u o i m a n g danh t h u g n g l u u , t r i thiic, v a n m i n h n h u n g thuc chat la can ba, la dao due gia. D o la chua ke den viec I p i d y n g d a m tang de giai q u ^ t viec hon nhan cho c6 Tuyet hong xoa d i tieng xau h u h o n g " m o t n u a " ciia c6.
d . D e to d ^ m y n g h i a trao p h i i n g , n h a v a n da xay d y n g va c h p n Ipc dugc n h i e u c h i t i e t an t u p n g : n h i e u c h i t i e t an t u p n g :
D o la canh d a m m a d u p e to chiic rat d o n g rat to "c6 k i e u bat cong, I p n qua\ d i I p n g " , CO d i i ca ker. ta, ken tay, ken tau, cQng c6 t o i ba t r a m cau d o i . N g u o i d y a tang den vai ba tram, c6 d i i ca giai thanh gai Hch. D i t a i dau l a m huyen nao t o i do, n h u n g tat ca m p i n g u o i d i d u a m a k h o n g he c6 ai q u a n t a m deii n g u o i chet. N g u o i t h i t r o chuyen ve v p con, nha cua, ve m p t cai t i i m a i sam, m o t cai ao m o i m u a , n g u o i t h i tan d y n g ca h p i d u a m a de choc gheo, c y o i tinh hoac b i n h p h a m , che bai nhau. N h a van da phai dau l o n g m a b i n h l u a n : "Dam m a to tat c6 the l a m cho n g u o i chet t r o n g quan tai c i i n g p h a i m i m c u o i sung suong, neu k h o n g gat g i i cai d a u " . M i e u ta h i n h thuc d a m tang v o i m p i nghi thuc l o n g t r p n g , tac gia l a m n o i bat len cai can c6 m a lai k h o n g c6 ciia dam tang nay la t i n h n g u o i . D i e u nay that khac v o i d a m tang ciia lao G o r i o tron;.; trang v a n ciia Banzac. D i i G o r i o b i con cai bo r o i n h u n g d u sao c y o i t r u y f n con
CO gipt n u o c m a t ciia chang sinh v i e n Ratinhac r o t x u o n g n h u m p t l a i tien biet con a m len m p t c h i i t t i n h n g u o i . C o n o day, d a m con chau d a i bat hie'u nha cu c o ' H o n g chi la nhi>ng ke CO h p i .
6 m p t d i e m khac V u T r p n g P h y n g bat gap "Phai tre la 6", "cay T i i tan dien j
n g u o i " , ba V a n M i n h sot r y p t , o n g T y p n bye m i n h . . . M p i n g y a i d i e n len. H t " ra n g u o i ta sot r u p t k h o n g v i n g u o i chet ma v i cai xac chet ay sao k h o n g mm' chong d u p e chon de hp d u p e h u o n g " H a n h p h i i c ciia m p t tang gia". M i a m a i thay cai gia d i n h ay.
M i a m a i thay n u a la canh cau T i i tan b i t m p i n g u o i p h a i d o n g kjch de chij h i n h : n g u o i p h a i chong gay, gyc dau, n g u o i phai lau n u a c m a t . . . N e u coi doc? trich la m p t tan b i hai kich t h i m o i n g u o i la m p t v a i he t r i n h dp.
C u o i c u n g p h a i n o i den canh o n g Phan oat n g u o i d i , khoc t h a m thiet r o i nga Xuan. M i a m a i thay, d i i n g liic xot t h u o n g len d e n cao d p c u n g la liic ong phan t r a n h t h i i t h a n h toan song p h a n g so tien thue X u a n b a n g each " d i i i vao tay no m o t cai giay bac n a m d o n g gap t u " .
e. G o p phan cho tieng cuoi day mia mai con phai ke den ngon n g u cua tac
ham: K h i ke chuyen, bao g i o V u T r p n g P h y n g c u n g c6 sy ket h o p n h u n g ^gon t u trai n g u p c n h a u t r o n g m p t cau van de l a m bat len sy v 6 nghia l y ciia cupc d o i . C h a n g han, tac gia gpi nha d a m la "bay con chau chi hie'u chi n o n g rupt d e m chon cho chong cai xac chet ciia cy t o " . . . , hoac tac gia m i e y ta : "That
la mpt <l3m to tat c6 the l a m cho n g y o i chet n a m t r o n g q y a n tai c u n g phai m i m
cuai sung suong, neu k h o n g gat g i i cai d a u . . . " . V u T r p n g P h y n g qua d i i n g la b?c thay cua n g o n n g i i trao p h i i n g .
L u u T r p n g L u nhan xet ve con n g y o i VCi T r p n g P h y n g ; " T r e n t r a n g vie't V i i Trpng P h y n g s i c sao bao nhieu thi t r o n g cupc d o i Via T r p n g P h y n g cang chan thanh bay n h i e u . C o n n g u o i ay k h o n g giet qua m p t con m u o i . N h u n g that k i
dieu, van c h u o n g ciia con n g u a i ay l a m cho ke trpc p h i i p h a i giat m i n h , ke
truong gia phai cau k i n h . " Dpc "So d o " nhieu nha n g h i e n c i i u c u n g nhan xet rSng: "Day la cai b i ciia n g u o i chet, cai hai ciia xa hpi, cai v 6 p h i i c ciia gia d i n h giau sang l a m tien nhieu ciia n h u n g thieu t i n h n g u a i "
I I I . K E T B A I ' D a m tang cy co to da d u p e m i e u ta bang m p t n g h | t h y a t trao p h i i n g dieu