15- 35, thi 10 835 ngudi mu chix phd thdng, 458 ngudi biet chix dan tgc(sd lieu nam 1999).
1.2.4. Sir yeu kem cua he thdng chinh tri lam cong tac tdn giao
Mdt trong nhung nguyen nhan ca ban lam cho dao Tin lanh phat trien trong ddng bao dan tgc H'mdng la six yeu kem cua he thdng chinh tri ca sd, va cu the ban la six han che ciia ddi ngu can bg lam cdng tac tdn giao.
Six yeu kem ciia he thdng chinh tri lam cdng tac tdn giao, trudc bet the hien d su thie'u thdng nhat ve nhan thiic, quan diem cua chiing ta ve su phat trien ciia dao Tin lanh d day. Sau nghi quyet 24 / TW ciia Bg chinh tri (1990) va nghi dinh 69 ciia HDBT, nay la chinh phu (21-3-1991), viec thuc hien chinh sach ddi vdi tdn giao tren ca nude cd nhieu chuyen bien theo chieu hudng tich cue. Tren tinh than ddi mdi ve chinh sach ddi vdi tdn giao ciia Dang va nha nude ta, giao dan, giao sy, cac nha tu hanh yen tam phan khdi ciing ddng bao ca nude sdng tdt ddi, dep dao. Quyen tu do tin ngudng va tu do khdng tin ngudng ciia nhan dan dugc tdn trgng, nhin chung cac tdn giao boat ddng theo khudn khd ciia phap luat. Nhimg vu viec nay sinh tir tdn giao da cd six phdi hgp chat che de giai quyet kip thdi, vi vay da gdp phan vao viec giix vung dn dinh chinh tri va trat tix an toan xa hdi d nhieu khu vixc.
Tuy nhien, lgi dung khdng khi dan chii va chinh sach edi md ddi vdi tdn giao cua Dang va Nha nude ta, mdt so giao sy boat ddng tdn giao vugt qua khudn khd phap luat, trong dd cd hien tugng truyen dao Tin lanh trai phep trong ddng bao dan tgc H'mdng va cac dan tgc it ngudi khac. Da ban 10 nam nay, xung quanh
hien tugng Vdng Chu va dao Tin lanh tham nhap trai phep vao viing dan tgc
H'mdng da cd nhieu cugc khao sat, hdi thao, van ban hudng dan, nhung cac quan diem, each nhin nhan, danh gia ve hien tugng tren cdn khac nhau. Tir viec nhan
thiic Vdng Chii la Tin lanh hay gia Tin lanh vSn cdn chua nhat quan, khien cho
viec xir ly d cac dia phuang cdn liing tiing, thie'u six thdng nhat. Tir six nhan thiic chua thdng nha't lam cho mdi nai giai quye't mdt khac. Cd nai thi budng trdi tha ndi cho nhiing boat ddng truyen dao trai phep, khdng kiem tra theo ddi, khdng xir ly kip thdi, cd nai thi thd bao dung nhixng bien phap hanh chinh cudng che' ep budc ddng bao bd dao. Nhung each xir ly nhu vay da vd tinh day quan chiing ddi lap vdi chinh quyen.
Tinh trang phat trien cua dao Tin lanh d huyen Yen Minh tinh Ha Giang la mdt vi du. Tai huyen Yen Minh, den thang 4-1997 bat dau cd 17 hg ngudi
H'mdng d xa Sung Thai tuyen bd chinh thiic theo dao Vang Chii. Su viec nay huyen da biet, nhung lanh dao huyen Yen Minh lai chii quan cho rang:" 17 hg ngudi dan tgc Hmdng khdng lam ndi dieu gi", vi the "den thang 10-1997 tinh hinh phat trien dao Vang Chii lan nhanh ra 9/19 ban cua xa Siing Thai va bat dau lan sang cac xa Sung Trang, Thang Md, Phii Liing ..." [77.124 ]. Cung tai huyen Yen Minh, can bd bat dan theo dao nop tien, boac tap trung dan giiia san uy ban
bd vang:"ai theo Vang Chii thi diing sang mdt ben" [77.134]. v rJ../, C-r,
He thdng chinh tri d nhiing vung nay nhin chung la yeu kem khdng dap ling dugc yeu cau ciia tinh hinh hien nay, cdng tac xay dung dang chua dugc chii y diing miic. Ddng thdi, cdng tac quan ly lanh dao cua chiing ta trong viec quan tam sau sat den ddi sdng sinh hoat cua ddng bao H'mdng trong thdi gian qua cdn cd nhixng han che nhat dinh. Cac td chiic doan the boat ddng khd khan, dan dieu, khdng thiet thuc, six tdn tai ciia nd chi la hinh thiic. Hien tugng "bd trong" dia ban trong thdi gian dai la kha phd bie'n. Cdng tac tuyen truyen dudng ldi, chinh sach, phap luat ciia Dang va nha nude cdn ban che, trong nhieu trudng hgp da khdng de'n dugc vdi dan. Cd khdng it tbdn ban viing cao, viing ddng bao H'mdng trong sudt thdi gian 2-3 nam lien khdng dugc nghe lanh dao xa phd bie'n chii truang chinh sach cua Dang va nha nude. Viec nghien ciiu vimg ddng bao dan tgc mot each cd he thdng, toan dien ve kinh te'-xa hdi, ve ddi sdng sinh boat, phong tuc tap quan, tin ngudng ... lam ca sd cho viec hoach dinh chii truang, bien phap de giai quyet tinh hinh chua dugc quan tam diing miic. Han nira, mdt bd phan can bg, dang vien thoai boa, bien chat, quan lieu, xa rdi quan chiing. Luc lugng cdt can mdng va yeu, cd nai chua xay dung dugc, tir dd lam md dan long tin ciia dan ddi vdi Dang. Trong khi dd, nhixng phan tir truyen dao trai phep lai de'n vdi dan bang boat ddng xa hdi tif thien cua tdn giao. Hg ndi tie'ng ndi cua dan tgc, gan bd, tham hdi, cam thdng va giiip dd ddng bao khi can thie't. Chinh nhiing viec lam
tudng chimg nhu nhd be dd, nhung rat cu the, thiet thuc da dugc dan tin tudng va lam cho ngudi dan H'mdng theo dao.
Thuc tien cho thay d nhixng nai chinh quyen ca sd manh, td chiic dang va doan the dugc cimg cd, ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than ciia ngudi dan dugc nang cao thi nhixng tieu cue phat sinh tii* viec phat trien dao it ban. Ngugc lai, khi chinh quyen ca sd ye'u, nhirng ke cam dau trong dao se lgi dung tang cudng kich ddng hanh vi cua nhieu tin dd di den chd cudng tin, Chang ban, dgt "xung vua" trong ddng bao H'mdng d mot sd tinh phia Bac hdi thang 4/1990 den thang 7/1990 la mdt vi du.
Trong qua trinh each mang ndi chung, ciing nhu trong cdng tac tdn giao, va'n de can bg cd vi tri dac biet quan trgng. Tuy nhien, ddi ngii can bd lam cdng tac tdn giao d khu vixc nay nhin chung vira thie'u, vifa ye'u, boat ddng lai mang nang tinh banh chinh, khdng lan Idn, sau sat vdi ddng bao dan tgc cd dao nhu ngay trudc giai phdng. Mat khac, can bg cOng khdng dugc bdi dudng, dai nghg thoa dang, Vi vay, can bg chua nhiet tinh cdng tac, thieu gdn bd vdi dia ban, khdng kip thdi nam bat dugc tam ly, nguyen vgng cua quan chiing, tao nen dia ban "trd'ng" de giao hdi Tin lanh va cac the' luc thii dich lgi dung xam nhap, "Dang xa thi cha tdi" la mdt tat ye'u. [63.6 ]
Trinh do cua can bg, dang vien trong viing dan tgc H'mdng ndi chung cdn thap, dac biet la six hieu biet ve tdn giao cdn rat han che. Qua khao sat thuc trang ddi ngii can bg chinh quyen ca sd d 14 xa viing cao tinh San La(thang 3-2000) cho tha'y : trinh do van boa cap 1: 27,4 %; cap 2: 68,8 %; cap 3: 4,8 %; trinh do ly luan chinh tri: chua hgc 61, 62 %, sa cap 8,8 %, trung cap bdi duang 29,6 %;
vi quan ly nha nude: sd chua hgc 86,4 %, bdi dudng sa cap 13,6%; ve chuyen
mdn khac: sd chua hgc 84,8%, sa cap 3,2%, trung cap 12%, khdng cd dai hgc. ( Sd lieu khao sat ciia trudng Chinh tri tinh Len La- Nam 2000) Cd nhieu can bd khdng bie't chir, trong dd cd ca bi thu va chii tich xa. Vi vay dan den tinh trang xir ly vu viec tdn giao liing tiing, xir ly sai, boac xem thudng tinh chat six viec xay ra.
Six ban che' ve cdng tac can bd va he thdng chinh tri ndi chung la ke hd de ke xau lgi dung, tuyen truyen, ldi keo, ep bugc nhan dan theo dao.
Trudc day, trong thdi ky dau tranh each mang, ciing vdi bao nhieu khd khan thir thach thi ddng bao H'mdng van mdt Idng di theo Dang, theo each mang bdi vi, mot mat chiing ta cd dudng ldi, chinh sach diing dan, phu hgp vdi nguyen vgng ciia ddng bao. Mat khac la do chiing ta cd mdt dgi ngii can bd cd tam buye't, gan bd mat thiet vdi nhan dan, tuyen truyen dudng ldi, chinh sach ciia dang de'n vdi nhan dan, dugc nhan dan tin tudng. Nhung ngay nay chinh hg lai mat niem tin vao Dang, chinh quyen. Dieu nay khie'n chiing ta can suy nghi va tim phuang hudng giai quyet.
Khi ndi den van de can bd lam cdng tac tdn giao, chiing ta khdng the khdng ndi de'n vai trd ciia gia lang, trudng ban trong ddng bao H'mdng. Truyen thdng cua ddng bao H'mdng trudc day la rat tdn trgng gia lang, trudng ban, bdi vi hg la ngudi tham gia quyet dinh mgi viec Idn nhd trong thon ban. Nhung gid day vai trd cua hg rat md nhat, h^u nhu khdng cdn. Chinh vi vay, dudng ldi, chinh sach cua Dang va nha nude thieu ca sd de cd the tham nhap vao quan chiing. Nhiing ngudi truyen giao da trd thanh lire lugng cd the' luc, la'n at uy tin ciia gia lang.
ve van de nay, chi thi 45 CT/TW(23-9-1994) ciia Ban chap hanh trung uang neu rd: " Cac td chiic ca sd Dang, chinh quyen, doan the d viing dan tgc H'mdng chua dugc ciing cd, hoat ddng yeu, cdn quan lieu, xa rdi quan chiing, it cham lo, cai thien ddi sdng ddng bao. Sd lugng va chat lugng can bg dan tgc H'mdng d cac cap, cac nganh, cac dia phuang thie'u va yeu, khdng dap ling dugc yeu cau eua tinh hinh mdi".
Tat ca nhiing dieu dd lam cho chiing ta khdng nam dugc quan chiing, khdng tranh thii dugc quan chiing, va lam ma't dSn niem tin ciia quan chiing ddi vdi six lanh dao cua Dang, tir dd tao ca sd cho dao Tin lanh phat trien. Dieu nay can dugc khac phuc va tang cudng ban bao gid he't, bdi vi chinh nghi quyet 24 ciia Bg
Chinh tri ve Tdng cudng cong tdc Ton giao trong tinh hinh mdi da chi rd : ndi
dung cdt ldi cua cdng tac tdn giao la cdng tac van ddng quan chiing. 45
Tdm lai, su phat trien ciia dao Tin lanh trong ddng bao dan tdc H'mdng d mdt sd tinh mien niii phia Bac nude ta cd lien quan den nhieu linh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hdi, trong dd phai ke den mot sd nguyen nhan co ban, dd la do ddi sdng kinh te-xa hoi trong viing ddng bao cdn khd khan, do am muu lgi dung dao Tin lanh cua cac the luc thii dich, do dac diem ve lich sir va van boa ciia dan tgc H'mdng.,. Mdi nguyen nhan nay cd vi tri va anh hudng khac nhau ddi vdi six phat trien cua dao Tin lanh. Tuy nhien, giiia chiing lai cd mdi quan he gan bd, khdng the tach rdi. Vi vay can hieu nguyen nhan phat trien dao Tin lanh trong ddng bao dan tdc H'mdng trong mdi quan he tdng the ciia cac yeu td trong xa hdi, tranh quan diem phie'n dien, mdt chieu hay tuyet ddi boa mdt nguyen nhan nao dd.
Chuang 2
NHUNG BIEN PHAP KHAC PHUC MAT TIEU ClTC CUA DAO TIN