- Xu thetoan cku hoa va khu vUc hoa da dat ra tru6c nhieu
3. Toan cau hoa van hoa
De trci thanh mot xa hoi van minh, can phai c6 siic manh k i n h te va nang luc sang tao cong nghe sang taọ Song, ca hai yeu
tó nay nhieu k h i chi mang lai s\i tang trudng k i n h te ma khong
dem lai sU phat trien xa hoị Yeu tó can thiet d day la van hoạ Rdi vao quyet dinh luan ky thuat ma coi nhe van hoa t h i khong
tranh khoi tinh trang lam mat di nang \\ic sang tao cua quan
chung trong qua t r i n h lao dong san xuat. Tien sy Alikia M'Boloko da CO nhan xet rat dung k h i xem xet nen van m i n h chau Phi: " K h i cai hó ngan each giiia nhan dan v6i thieu só thong t r i chuyen
quyen difdc ban gin t h i lai mb ra mot cai hóngan each khac giufa
giai cap c^m quyen di theo cac hoc thuyet hien dai hoa ky t r i v6i quan chung nhan dan"'™'. Tuy nhien, chung ta cung khong difdc
di tii viec da pha quyet dinh luan ky thuat sang thai do ung ho
quyet dinh luan van boạ Triictc day, Ederico Mayor - Tong Giam doc UNESCO - da tijfng noi: "Ttf nhan tbiic vi t r i , vai tro cua van
(69) Khiidng Nham - "Xu the phat trien khoa hoc the gi6i". Quang Minh Nhat Bao (Trung Quoc) so ra ngay 18/12/1993.
(70) Alikia M'Boloko - "Nhulng dieu hila hen va bat trSc". Ngudi dUa tin U N E S C O , Ha Noi, 1992, so 11, tr. 19.
hoa trong phat trien, chung ta can vUdt len nhQng each tiep can k i n h te hoc thuan tuy va t i m ra hang t r a m phudng thtjfc c6 the
dUdc de tinb cong nghiep va t i n h sang tao g i n bo, moc nói v6i nhau va de kinh te c6 kha nang bat re trong van boa""". Theo
quan diem cua UNESCO t h i van hod la chia khoa cua phat then, la muc tieu, dong lUc va he dieu tiet cua phat then. . '
Bao ve va duy t r i t i n h da dang ciia van boa trong qua t r i n h
cac nxidc tien hanh cong nghiep boa la dieu kien rat cd ban, nhat
la cac nu6c ebon phiidng tbiic "cong nghiep boa cap tap", bdi vi,
van hoa se khong ngiing hoan thien chat liidng con ngiidi, nang cao kha nang hoat dong sang tao cua hg.
Trong k h i noi den vai tro cua van hoa doi vdi phat trien t h i CO mot van de 16n nhan loai can chii y: Hien tUdng mcdonallization (Mc Donal boa - am chi qua t r i n h quang ba van boa tieu dung ciia My). Trvfdc day, nen tang chien liidc dói ngoai cua cac nUcic
16n, trudc bet la Hoa Ky, la siic manh quan sU va k i n h tẹ Sang
dau the ky X X I , cai ggi la svtc manh mem (Solf Power) ciia My tac dong den cac nUcic khac cd nhan tótrung tam la van hoạ
My la quoc gia phat trien manh t h i trifdng van boa, t h i triidng v6 tuyen truyen binh. Cbii trifdng nay cua M y da dUdc Chinb phu M y day manh bet ipiic, ho trci nen nhat the gi6i ve xuat khau v6 tuyen t r u y e n b i n h va chUdng t r i n h v6 tuyen truyen hinh. Cach day tren 15 nam, ngiidi ta da t i n b dUdc rang, 75% chUdng t r i n h v6 tuyen truyen b i n h cua M y dUdc cac nii6c nbap
khaụ Co tren 98 nxidc nbap chUdng t r i n h Pallas cua Mỵ Mot so
nha khoa hoc dat cau hoi: Lieu viec xuat hang loat cbiidng t r i n h v6 tuyen truyen b i n h cua M y c6 tac dung dong boa ve van boa khong? No lam tang x u the ap dat nhiing gia t r i van boa ciia
(71) Uy ban quoc gia ve thap ky quoc te phat trien van hoạ Thap ky the gidi phat trien van hoạ Bo V a n hoa, Thong tin xuat ban.
nhQng nxidc manh, tritdc het la My, doi v6i cac nxldc trong the
gi6i t h i l ba va mot sónudc phat trien khong? Ve van de nay, nha binh luan Georgie Anne Geyer cho rSng: van hoa t h a m nhap
vao mot nxidc thong qua truyen thanh, truyen h i n h va khach
du lich.
O cap do van hoa dai chiing. My khong c6 doi t h u canh tranh. Ve van hoa vat the t h i quan ao, nhac pho thong, k i n h doanh nha hang an dai chiing, cong nghiep dien anh... cua M y
dupe quang ba het siic rpng rai, nhat la trong gi6i t h a n h nien. Tii Osaka den Madrid va Seatle, tdi Bkc K i n h , Tokyo va Paris..., d dau cung thay nam nil. thanh nien mac quan bo, uóng coca-cola,
doc sach My, an banh hamburger... Nam 1996, Hoa Ky da trien
khai 14000 ciia hieu McDonald trong nxidc va 9000 diem ban le d
nxidc ngoaị Hang do an McDonald da tao viec lam cho 1600 hieu
an ci 70 nxidc.
Ve khoa hoc, trong 20 trifdng dai hoc hang dau the gi6i, chi
CO Oxford, Cambridge va Dai hoc London la ciia Anh, con lai la
cua Mỵ T i i nam 1950 trd lai day ngxibi My da dat 66 giai Nobel ve vat ly hpc, 68 giai ve y hoc, 44 giai ve hoa hoc. Nxldc My hien
CO 450.000 sinh vien nii6c ngoai den hpc. Nam 2001, the gidi bo ra 12,8 ty USD de nuoi chudng t r i n h cua cac rap chieu phim t h i My da chiem 83,1% tdng ngan sach dọ
Rat nhieu quoc gia dang chong lai sU banh trii6ng cua van hoa M y va tranh anh hUdng cua lói song Mỵ Song, triidc van de nay, Milchin I . trong bai "Van hoa la nhan tóanh hifcing toan cau
cua M y " da c6 mot y rat haỵ Do la, viec phan tich anh hudng
cua van hoa My tren thegidiphai dMc xac lap dua tren can cti khang dinh ring, chi c6 the chong lai no b&ng each tao ra moi triidng van hoa hap din han, chvt khong phai bing each phu nhan no chi ting lai, b&ng chQ hay mot hinh thiic biet lap nao ad. Day la tien de cua dai song van hoa duang daị
Van de dat ra c! day la, sU banh tru6ng anh hudng van hoa ciia quóc gia nay doi v6i quoc gia khac la mot hien tUdng d i l n ra trong tien t r i n h phat trien ciia toan cau van hoạ No khong dong nhat v6i toan cau hoa van hoạ De giai quyet van de nay, can nghien ciiu va xac dinh the nao la toan cau hoa van hoạ
Gan day, hai tac gia Ghen Gang va L i Linhe trong bai "Tu duy bien chiing ve quan he giiia toan cau hoa va ban dia hoa van hoa" da c6 may y kién dang tham khaọ
- Toan cau hoa van hoa va ban dia hoa van hoa la mot cap pham t r u thong nhat bien chiing, giuta chiing khong c6 mau t h u i n can ban naọ Van de kho khan phai giai quyet la, phai bao ve, phat buy nhiing t i n h hoa trong van hoa dan tpc, loai bo nhiing t h i i muc nat, lac hau trong dọ Toan cau hoa va ban dia hoa van hoa phat sinh cCing v6i Ian song toan cau hoa k i n h tẹ
- Toan cau hoa van hoa la qua t r i n h "van hoa cac dan tpc, thong qua giao liiu, dung hdp, xam thau va bo sung Ian nhau, khong ngiing pha vd t m h han che ve k h u vUc va ve mo h i n h ciia van hoa dan tpc va trong sii binh phan, chpn Ipc cua loai ngiidi ma dat diidc tinh dong nhat van hoa, khong ngiing chuyen cac nguon k h u viic cua van hoa dan tpc m i n h thanh cac nguon t h u hifdng chung, sd hiiu chung cua doai ngifdị Nguon k h u viic ciia van hoa cac dan tpc dUdc loai ngiidi ciing hucing, cung sci hutu t h i khong CO nghia la sii mat di ciia cac nen van hoa dan tpc, ma h i n h thanh nen mot t h i i van hoa c6 t i n h toan cau thong nhat, lien thong, pho quat (Vi du: cac nU6c c6 the cung difdc thiidng thiic mon an Trung Quoc, ciing diidc xem nhiing cuon phim hay nhat cua Hollywood, ciing sii dung xa 16 thong t i n cao toẹ..). Cung v6i sil phat trien cua khoa hpc va cong nghe, toan cau hoa van hoa se tiep tuc d i l n ra khong ngiing va ngay cang sau sic.
- Ban dia hoa van hoa la hien tifdng ton v i n h mot he thong bao gom truyen thong, tap quan, loi song, t i n ngifdng, quan niem
gia t r i trong lich s\i dan toẹ.. trong qua t r i n h hien dai hoạ Ban
dia hoa van hoa cung la mot hien tUdng khach quan.
Moi thii van hoa dan toe deu khong bao gid la mku mUc,
hoan my hay ly tUdng. Do do, eac dan toe deu phai hoc hoi, tham khao van hoa cua dan toe khaẹ Tren the gidi, khong the eo thil van hoa nao la chu dao ma tii: do, no c6 tac dung t h u tieu tinh da dang cua van hoạ
N h i i vay, toan cau hoa van hoa tuyet nhien khong loai trii
s\i hung thinh cua van hoa dan toe, ngUdc lai, sU phon vinh ciia
van hoa cac dan toe se thuc day toan cau hoa van hoạ Toan cau hoa van hoa lay tinh da dang ciia van hoa dan toe lam ed sd, no giup vao viee phuc hUng van hoa ban dia de van hoa cae dan toe phat trien lanh manh. M a t khae, toan eau hoa van hoa doi hoi eac dan toe trong qua t r i n h phat huy van hoa cua minh phai tham khao, hoe tap van hoa ciia dan toe khaẹ
Neu hieu toan cau hoa van hoa nhii vay t h i quan diem xay dung nen van hoa tien tien, dam da ban sfic dan toe cua Dang la
hoan toan dung dan. Nen van hoa do se giup dan toe c6 du ban
linh va svfc manh trong hoi nhap kinh téquoc te trUdc xu the toan eau hoa k i n h te, toan eau hoa van hoa gia tang.
4. Mot so v a n de dat r a tr\Xdc s\i nghiep xay dij^ng x a hoi hoc tap xet tii goc do toan c a u hoa v a hoi nhap quoc te