thanh thieu nien theo phUdng thiie giao due phi ehinh quy nham trang hi nhiJng hieu biet va ky nang can thiet dói v6i viec lam
eiing nhii cong viec trong gia dinh.
- Nang cao trinh do van hoa pho thong cho ngiidi hoe, bo sung nhutng kien thile pho thong vao noi dung eua he giao due xa hoị
(101) V u D i n h H o e . Mot nen giao due binh dan. N h a x u a t b a n D a i L a , H a Noi,
1946, tr. 27.
Doi tUdng ehinh eua he giao due xa hoi la ngudi 16n. Song,
nhiing ngUdi Idn la phu ni2 t h i lai eo rieng he thong giao due phu
nS. He thong nay vuta cung cap noi dung chung cho giao due ngUdi Idn, vufa eo p h i n danh rieng can cho dao tao nhiing ngUdi lanh
dao cong tac phu nQ, hoac de giiip phu nH eo nang l\lc thUc hien
cac dii an t i n h nguyen, hoac boi dUdng nhiing van de van hoa gia dinh ma bat cii ngUdi phu n i i Nhat Ban nao eiing can biet.
Nhiing, xet mot each khai quat t h i giao due ngvfdi Idn va giao due phu n i i ci Nhat Ban eo may ehiidng t r i n h sau:
- Chifdng t r i n h giao due van hoa chung; - Chiidng t r i n h giao due my hoc;
- ChiTdng t r i n h giao due y thiLc cong dan va quyen cong dan; - Chiidng t r i n h nang cao ky nang, ky thuat va nghe nghiep; - ChUdng t r i n h giao due the chat;
- ChUdng t r i n h giai tric^^).
He thong giao due eho the he tre va he thong giao due cho ngifdi 16n 6 Nhat Ban ket hdp v6i nhau thanh he thong giao due suot đị Co the torn t a t ve he thong giao due nay n h u sau:
He thong trirMig chính quy d^nh cho thS h? trẹ
He thong trúcmg kliong ehinh quy theo che dp vira Ipc vira lam de bo tuc hpc van thir&ng xuyen cho thanh nien dang lam vỉc.
He thong giao due khong ehinh quy va phi ehinh quy (ngoai nha truong) danh cho ngirm Ion.
He th6ng giao dye phi ehinh quy phye \\f tlianh thilu
nien
I
(102) X e m t h e m : N g u y i n Nhu A t . " X a y d i i n g n e n giao due theo mo h i n h " X a
hoi hoc tap - giao due suot đi". Kinh nghiem mot sonudc trong khu vUc va bai hoc vin dung vao niidc tẹ C h u y e n de viet cho de t a i " X a y dUng mo h i n h x a hoi
Sang d i u the ky X X I , he thong giao due cho ngiJdi 16n ci Nhat Ban rat da dang ve hinh thvic dao tao, c6 the mo ta theo cau
true dxldi day:
Hinh 6. He thong giao due ngUdi 16n d Nhat Ban'""'
K o m i n k a n ( T r u n g tarn hoc tap
c p n g d o n g )
T h u vien
Bao lang
C o so 2iao due liani thu
C l i i n h quycn d\a p h u a n g Giao due hang tru\eii thanlị tia>en hinh Shciishu - G a k k o ( T r u a n g dao tao dSc biC'l líinh do cao trung)
L d p dai hoc ( C h o n g i r d i I a n )
Dai hpe qua khong trunsi
Trung tiini h u i i n g nghiep trung eap
Sau day ta se dCfng lai ehut i t ve tCfng ed sd giao due ngUdi 16n phue vu cho viec giao due suot đi d Nhat Ban.
a) Kominkan
Ten Kominkan dUdc mot sóngUdi dich sang tieng Viet Nam
la Cung Van hoa cong dan, nhUng thue chat lạnhiing t r u n g tam
hoc tap ciia ngifdi dan tai cong dong (Do vay, de tai goi Kominkan la Trung tam hoc tap cong dong). Tai Kominkan, ngUdi dan dUdc hoe nhieu chiidng t r i n h van hoa khae nhau, dong thdi con c6 chiidng t r i n h the due, the thao va giai t r i .
(103) X e m t h e m : G i a o due t h u o n g x u y e n - Chvi b i e n : T o B a T r U d n g . N h a x u a t
b a n D a i hoc Q u o c gia H a Noi, H a Noi, 2001, tr. 5 8 - 6 3 .
Tic nam 1959, Chinh phii Nhat da c6 van ban quy dinh "Tieu chuan thanh lap va hoat dong cua Kominkan". Hien nay d nude
Nhat CO khoang 18.000 Kominkan v6i tren 50.000 can bo phuc vụ
b) ThiTvien
TH nam 1950, d Nhat Ban da c6 "Luat Thif vien". Cac thif
vien d Nhat Ban dUdc to chile thanh mot mang tii thanh phó den
cac quan huyen, tat ca deu la ndi hoc tap cua moi ngUdị Nhieu
thvf vien tuyen ed sd cho mUdn tai lieu mien phị Cac ih\i vien deu
trang bi day du may t i n h eo noi mang Internet. Ban doe la ngiJdi
hoe CO the t r u y cap t i m kiem thong t i n va theo hoc cac chUdng
t r i n h cua giao due tiT xạ Hien d Nhat Ban c6 khoang 2.000 t h u
vien v6i tren 15.000 can bo phuc vụ
c) Bao tang
Bao tang d Nhat Ban hoat dong theo "Luat Bao tang" (c6 tvL nam 1951). Bao tang d dat nxXdc nay c6 nhieu loai nhu Bao tang lieh sii, Bao tang my thuat, Bao tang khoa hoc, Bao tang ngoai
trdi (gom nhiJng vUdn thii, vvfdn thuc vat)... Cac bao tang deu
nam trong mang luf6i ciia he thong giao due xa hoi, phuc vu cac
ehvfdng t r i n h giao due phi ehinh quy, dap ling nhu cau t i m hieu
kien thilc xa hoi, t\l nhien, ky thuat cua moi ngUdị
Nhat Ban hien c6 hang ngan bao tang loai nay v6i tren chuc nghin can bo phuc vụ
d) Giao due ham thu
Co hai h i n h thijfc giao due ham t h u bang thif: