... Activation of STAT1 induces the transcription factor, T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet), which is a master regulator of Th1 differentiation [11] T-bet potentiates the expression of IFN-c, which, ... protein domains important in the functioning of these transcription factors T-bet (also known as Tbox-21) belongs to the T-box family of genes, consisting of over 20 members characterized in mammals ... activity [39] Foxp3 belongs to the fork-head box (FOX) family of proteins [42], a family oftranscription factors that are both transcriptional repressors and activators It contains at least...
... Mislocalization of human transcriptionfactor MOK2 in the presence of pathogenic mutations of lamin A ⁄ C Biol Cell 100, 51–61 Dhanasekaran DN, Kashef K, Lee CM, Xu H & Reddy EP (2007) Scaffold proteins of ... function of JIP proteins has been previously proposed for two other transcription factors, c-Myc and Max [11] Interestingly, the region of JLP that binds Myc is similar to the region of JSAP1 ... & Lee WH (1992) Molecular cloning of cellular genes encoding retinoblastoma-associated proteins: identification of a gene with properties of the transcriptionfactor E2F Mol Cell Biol 12, 5620–5631...
... activation of the JNK pathway [15,23] In the current study, we planned to determine whether either of the other two MAP kinases, ERK and p38 kinase, and activation of their target transcription factors, ... kinases, JNK and p38 [26] Activation of MAPK-mediated signaling pathways could result in phosphorylation of several protein targets, including activating transcriptionfactor (ATF2) This protein regulates ... played by MAPK in the regulation oftranscriptionfactor activities and gene expression, we sought here to investigate whether hA treatment might increase the activity of ERK1 ⁄ or p38 kinase, and...
... disease Repression of HIV-1 LTR transcription by CP2 is accomplished via the binding of CP2 to another transcription factor, Yin-Yang1 (YY1), and the resultant recruitment of histone deacetylase ... Identification of CP2-binding peptide motifs Numerous data point to the transcriptional activation of a range of genes by CP2, leading to functional diversity of CP2 in various species ... Erythroid-specific gene activation [49] Transcriptionfactor IIE, a subunit (TFIIE a) [50] casein kinase II-a (CKII-a), ETS-1 and the a subunit oftranscriptionfactor IIE (TFIIE-a) (Table 2) REST...
... shuttling of STAT transcription factors (Eur J Biochem 271) 4607 Fig STATs at the cell membrane A schematic representation of the events leading to the tyrosine phosphorylation (activation) of STATs ... sequences of other STATs are listed: D, Drosophila; h, human Ó FEBS 2004 Continuous nucleocytoplasmic cycling of STATs Loss -of- function mutations of the STAT1 dsNLS block nuclear entry of tyrosine-phosphorylated ... overwhelming majority of examples of protein nucleocytoplasmic shuttling belong to this active mode of translocation STAT proteins have also been demonstrated to utilize components of this Ran-dependent...
... Suzuki M: Identification of DNA regions and a set of transcriptional regulatory factors involved in transcriptional regulation of several human liver-enriched transcriptionfactor genes Nucleic Acids ... deviation; siRNA: small interfering RNA; TF: transcription factor; TFBS: transcriptionfactor binding site; TRN: transcriptional regulatory network; TSS: transcription start site Authors' contributions ... Out of these, 654 were activating edges (that is, knockdown of one TF led to a decrease of expression of another) and 222 were repressing edges (that is, knockdown of one TF led to an increase of...
... result of pathogen challenge in canola [2-5] Plant defense responses include the transcriptional control of expression of stress-responsive genes [6-9], including a number oftranscription factors ... Identification of 46 WRKY transcriptionfactor genes in B napus Although the complete sequence of the B napus genome has not yet been determined, the number of publicly available ESTs was 593,895 as of May ... coat development gene of Arabidopsis, encodes a WRKY transcriptionfactor Plant Cell 2002, 14(6):1359-1375 Lagace M, Matton DP: Characterization of a WRKY transcriptionfactor expressed in late...
... transcription factors in the regulation of oxidant-mediated κ lung injury: role for nuclear factor- κB Crit Care 2002, 6:481490 10 11 12 13 Haddad JJ: Basic science review: Redox and oxygen-sensitive transcription ... normoxia The accumulation of the α-subunits allows for αβ heterodimer formation and translocation into the nucleus during hypoxia This process leads to selective upregulationof genes whose products ... Hypoxia-inducible factor- 1α: role in hypoxaemia-initiated lung injury The master regulatory element of hypoxic conditions and adapting oxidative stresses to gene expression is HIF-1α [8–10] HIF-1 consists of...
... that a single bound dimer represses the transcriptionof Hes7 completely Then the response function is the long-term relative frequency of occupation of one of the binding sites in dependence on ... increase of the strength of the switch Regression of the Hill plot gives a Hill coefficient equal to 2.6 (Fig 2B dotted line) Thus, an increase in the number of binding sites or in the affinity of ... binding of Hes7 dimers to the regulatory region of Hes7 Because no experimental data from transcriptional analysis of Hes7 were available, we assumed that one bound Hes7 dimer can repress transcription...
... Database of Transcriptional Start Sites; EEL, enhancer element locator; GO, Gene Ontology; LOD, log odds ratio; PWM, position weight matrices; TF, transcription factor; TFBS, transcriptionfactor ... via transcriptional regulation of groups of genes with similar functions The roles of a particular TF in cellular processes can, therefore, be deduced from the known physiological functions of ... determined by the integration of multiple signal-activated and tissue-restricted transcription factors Cell 2000, 103:63-74 Garten Y, Kaplan S, Pilpel Y: Extraction oftranscription regulatory signals...
... cell Expression of a given gene is dependent on the interactions of different transcription factors and their cofactors with the regulatory regions of that gene These transcription factors are in ... interactions oftranscription factors with their cofactors Such changes have been observed experimentally to alter specificity or binding strength or to switch between activator and repressor isoforms of ... has three different isoforms with entirely different DNA-binding domains, which are all transcription activators On the other hand, isoforms of the human transcriptionfactor AML1 function both...
... of a new AP-2 transcription factor, AP-2 epsilon Dev Dyn 231, 128–135 Garcia MA, Campillos M, Ogueta S, Valdivieso F & Vazquez J (2000) Identification of amino acid residues oftranscriptionfactor ... Characterization of the activation domains of AP-2 family transcription factors J Biol Chem 275, 29701–29708 10 Williams T & Tjian R (1991) Analysis of the DNAbinding and activation properties of the human transcription ... failure of chondrocyte progenitor cells to differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes [56] Two members of the Runx family oftranscription factors, Runx2 and Runx3, are positive regulators of chondrocyte...
... potential regulators that affect transcriptional activities of ERF ⁄ AP2 proteins in higher plants Results BPM proteins assemble with members of the ERF ⁄ AP2 transcriptionfactor family Because it has ... what kind of interactions are mediated by the MATH domain in plants In this article, we show that the MATH domain of BPM proteins is used to assemble with members of the ethylene response factor ... and petioles of rosette leaves (Fig 4C) proBPM4:GUS showed GUS staining very similar to that of proBPM3:GUS in the stipules, the central veins of rosette leaves and in the anthers of differentiated...
... point of support, needed for the hinging of the C-terminal part of helix III This relative rigidity of residue 50 is also relevant to biological function, and has been long recognized as one of ... emerge Backbone dynamics of the rat TTF-1 homeodomain under physiological conditions, when the HD is part of a much larger transcription factor, and determine the extent of the conformational changes ... Tell G, Leonardi A, Di Lauro R & Viglino P (1996) Analysis of the solution structure of the homeodomain of rat thyroid transcriptionfactor by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular mechanics...
... in the case oftranscription factors that target different genes depending on the splice form of the transcriptionfactor Interestingly, however, in our analysis, the performance of the method ... cross-validation of the seed distribution method for six different transcription factors By means of a jackknife method, the recovery position of the gene left out in the rank was calculated for each transcription ... method relies on the assumption that the transcriptionfactorof interest shows some biological activity in the data If, for example, the transcriptionfactorof interest is completely shut down in...
... proteins are transcriptional factors In this review, we focus on the role of transcriptional factors on the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Nuclear factor- jB The nuclear factor- jB (NF-jB) ... roles in RA Other transcription factors Other transcription factors implicated in the pathogenesis of RA are the signal transducer and activator oftranscription (STAT) family of proteins, interferon ... Activator protein-1 The activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptionfactor is composed of members of the Fos, Jun and activating transcriptionfactor families of proteins While the Fos proteins (Fos, FosB,...
... the 5¢-end of the bcl-X gene [30] Because MAP kinase has been shown to regulate the transcriptionof c-Fos, a member of the Fos family, AP1 may be implicated in the transcriptionof bcl-XL induced ... connected with the activation of the MAP kinase cascade includes the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 family members, the transcriptional upregulationof Bcl-XL, and its translational upregulation [19,21] We ... signaling in the inhibition of apoptosis of a variety of cells through the increased phosphorylation of Bad and caspase or through the transcriptional activation of NF-jB [33–35,51] Surprisingly,...
... 2005 FEBS C Rodriguez-Caso et al Human transcriptionfactor network topology Table Description and functionality of transcriptions factor hubs Transcriptionfactor (TF), degree (k), betweenness ... number of TFs is associated with higher control of gene regulation [24] Interestingly, such an increase is based on the use of the same structural types of proteins Human transcription factors ... 2005 FEBS C Rodriguez-Caso et al Human transcriptionfactor network topology Table Topological parameters of some real networks: Human ´ transcriptionfactor network (HTFN); Erdos-Renyi (ER)...
... BMAL1 (50 ng of each) Transfection of 0.1 ng of the DEC1 expression vector did not significantly decrease the transcriptional activity of CLOCK/BMAL1 (Fig 1B) Transfection of ng of the expression ... Fig 1C, transfection of 10 ng of FLAG-DEC1 expression vector and 50 ng of FLAG-BMAL1 expression vector resulted in adequate levels of expression The transcriptional activity of FLAG-BMAL1, and ... of CLOCK/BMAL1-induced transcription in the presence of full-length DEC1 As DEC1 lacking the basic region interfered with full-length DEC1 for the transcriptional suppression in the absence of...
... important site for transcription factors as the mutation of the CRE site within the COX-2 promoter or the expression of a dominant negative mutant of CREB reduces inducibility of the COX-2 promoter ... studies as well as the similarity of the recognition sites of the NFAT and Ets factors led us to investigate the potential involvement of the epithelial specific Ets factor (ESE-1 ⁄ ESX ⁄ ELF3 ⁄ ERT ... stimulation of human monocytic THP1 cells leads to an induction of ESE-1 mRNA expression within h of exposure, reaching a peak at h and leveling off after 24 h [12] To investigate the level of ESE-1...