... implicated in other protein–protein interactions, a STAT protein DNA-binding domain and an SH2 domain, which binds phosphorylated tyrosine residues in the context of a longer peptide motif within a ... domains, including an N-terminal STAT protein interaction domain, which strengthens interactions between STAT dimers on adjacent DNA-binding sites, a coiled-coil STAT protein all-alpha domain, ... STAT protein all-alpha domain, STAT protein DNA-binding domain and SH2 domain of stat6, and the zinc-finger domain, leucine-zipper domain and fork-head domain of foxp3 In addition, for stat6 and...
... mutations as indicated in panel B Plus signs above the lanes indicate binding mixtures containing 0.5 μg recombinant GST/WRKY28 Minus signs above the lanes indicate binding mixtures without recombinant ... the PBS3 gene It is rapidly induced inplants recognizing pathogens carrying virulence factors, like in the case of Pseudomonas syringae containing AVR4 [27] A function in SA metabolism has been ... contains the two WRKY28 binding sites at -445 and -460 as determined by EMSA (Figure 4A) A similar result was obtained with a primer pair covering a smaller region containing the two binding sites...
... conserved cis-acting element, which contains two distinct protein binding sites: the prolamin-box (PB) and the GCN4-like motif (GLM) Four transcriptionfactors (TFs) are the gibberellin-regulated ... (GAMYB), the barley leucine zippers and (BLZ1, BLZ2), and the barley prolamin box binding factor Page of 11 (BPBF) that were shown to be involvedin the transcription of B-hordeins encoded by the ... barley breeding program It is known that transcriptionfactors play an important role in controlling expression during seed development Genetic differences in the synthesis of storage proteins can...
... expression of genes involvedin sugar and acid biosynthesis should be designed In the second case, candidate genes should be identified and transferred into breeding lines The emerging information on ... intermediate sourness In general, all the ecotypes grown in Ercolano were given the lowest attribute intensity, those grown in Sorrento intermediate intensity and those in Sarno the highest intensity, for ... traits, respectively Abbreviations: His, Histidine; Lys, Lysine; Arg, Arginine; Gln, Glutamine; Asn, Asparagine; Ser, Serine; Glu, Glutamic acid; Thr, Threonine; pH, pH, SS., Soluble solid; Ash, Ash;...
... certain cisacting sequences in the 5’-UTR in negative-strand transcription The two ends of the genome, including some internal sequences in certain coronaviruses, contain multiple cis-acting sequences ... attachment protein, S, the receptor binding protein S protein has two functional domains, the receptor binding domain, which defines the tropism of the virus as well as a membrane fusion domain, which ... synthesis Zinc finger CCHC-type and RNA binding motif (ZCRB1 alias MADP1) has been identified as a possible host protein involvedin RNA synthesis of coronaviruses The protein has found to interact...
... proteins, which are involvedin Fe–S cluster biogenesis [20] A similar protein, ycbX, also exists in E coli [16], suggesting that this bacterium has the machinery to sulfurate the MPT in a recombinant ... difficulty in the successful expression of molybdoenzymes in the xanthine oxidoreductase family The most important factor involvedin producing a functional MPT center in recombinant XDH, using the ... recombinant protein Raising the cellular redox potential by increasing aeration levels is expected to reduce the level of cysteine and increase the level of cystine in the cell, thus reducing the...
... micrografting conditions, we studied effect of true age on grafting success (figure 7) In vitro establishment ability using micrografting depends on the tree age since outgrowth decreases during ageing ... to thank the Environmental Research Institute Neiker and specially Dr E Ritter and Dr S Espinel in Vitoria (Spain) for supplying the plant material used in this work Critical reading is gratefully ... primaires caulinaires de pins maritimes (Pinus pinaster Ait.) âgés sur jeunes semis cultivés in vitro, C.R Acad Sci (1989) 723–728 [5] Ewald D., Kretzschmar U., The influence of micrografting in vitro...
... light of the dyes increasing the chance of oxidation and / or bleaching The main contributing factors identified in this study are in agreement with a number of studies involving cDNA derived ... accommodated in the VG interaction, but rather in the residual error The remaining 14.9 % variance in the VSG interaction still contains the Gene × Array interactions for S1 (7.8 %) and sampling differences ... variance in the VG interaction remaining virtually unchanged By combining S2 and S3, the Gene × Array interactions occurring specifically on S2 and S3 are pooled They are, thus, not accommodated in...
... Supplementing Lefty2 RNAi cultures with recombinant Lefty1 protein was able to block reduction in level of alkaline phosphatase staining induced by Lefty2 RNAi Alkalline phosphatase staining was ... undifferentiated cell state (Figure 2) One interesting factor identified from the screen is Lefty2, a secreted protein well known for its role in regulating Nodal signaling during embryo development Data that ... reporter Position of OCT4-SOX2 binding site within Nanog promoter is indicated Nanog transcription start site is defined by the position of the furthest 5' EST in public database (NCBI) (ATG-...
... elicit effects in embryos in a dose dependent manner In this thesis, the possibility that Nodal signaling might, as in the in vivo scenario, likewise influence ES cell fate decision in a dose dependent ... manner in vitro is addressed Interestingly, it was found that Nodal signaling is able to arbitrate at least three distinct fate decisions in ES cells Perturbation of endogenous signaling in ES ... the individual contribution of SMAD2 and SMAD3 towards the various cell fate arbitrated by Nodal signaling Here, data showing that inhibition of SMAD3 activity blocks Nodal/Activin signaling induced...
... dishes in E14 proliferative medium containing DMEM/15% ES cell tested FBS (Invitrogen), 0.1 mM MEM nonessential amino acids (Invitrogen), 2mM Lglutamine (Invitrogen), 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen), ... dishes in ES cell medium containing DMEM/20% ES FBS (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), 0.1 mM MEM nonessential amino acids (Invitrogen), 2mM L-glutamine (Invitrogen), 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen), ... dishes in E14 proliferative medium containing DMEM/20% ES FBS (Invitrogen,Carlsbad, CA), 0.1 mM MEM nonessential amino acids (Invitrogen), 2mM L-glutamine (Invitrogen), 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol (Invitrogen),...
... defects and results in perinatal death Development 121, 1283-1299 Goldin, S N., and Papaioannou, V E (2003) Paracrine action of FGF4 during periimplantation development maintains trophectoderm ... (2007) Activin-Nodal signaling is involvedin propagation of mouse embryonic stem cells J Cell Sci 120, 55-65 Oh, S P., and Li, E (1997) The signaling pathway mediated by the type IIB activin receptor ... profiling of human and murine ESCs identifies divergent paths required to maintain the stem cell state Stem Cells 23, 166-185 Wieduwilt Matthew J., (2003) SMAD3 in embryonic patterning, mesoderm induction...
... which the Lefty proteins can inhibit Nodal signaling using in vitro assays They showed that Lefty proteins can interact with Nodal proteins in solution and block Nodal from binding its receptors ... findings by culturing human ES cells with a combination of human recombinant ActRIB, ActRIIB and Cripto, thereby strengthening the idea that intact Nodal/Activin signaling is important in maintaining ... been shown that 50ng/ml recombinant Activin A, in combination with 50ng/ml FGF7 and 10nM nicotinamide can maintain human ES cells cultured on laminin substrate in the absence of feeder layers...
... growing evidence that plant WRKY transcriptionfactors are involvedin plant ABA signaling and abiotic stressresponsesIn rice and barley, ABA induces expression of a number of WRKY genes in ... proteins indeed function in a complex pattern in plant responses to ABA and abiotic stresses The complex roles of the three WRKY transcriptionfactorsin plant biotic and abiotic stressresponses ... sensitivity as indicated by significantly increase in inhibition of germination in the overexpression line relative to that of wild type (Figure 1C) Increased inhibition of germination in the WRKY60overexpressing...
... protein kinase and woundinduced protein kinase, two MAPKs in group A, were activated by inoculation with the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) [10] Their orthologs in other plant species, including MPK3 ... accumulation in wild-type and transgenic plantsin response to abiotic and abiotic stresses (A) Virus infection-induced H2O2 accumulation detected by DAB staining (B) Abiotic stress- induced H2O2 ... involvedin oxidative stressresponses GhMPK2 may serve as a crosstalk point between biotic and abiotic stressresponses Further investigation is required for a more comprehensive understanding...
... characterized and induced under oxidative stress imposed by H2O2, diamide and t-BOOH Since then, several Yap1 targets involvedin ROS detoxification have been identified, including those involvedin the thioredoxin ... profiles involvedin arsenic response has revealed the array of genes whose transcription is enriched, including those involvedin methionine metabolism and sulfur assimilation, protein degradation ... of stress agents such as cadmium, cerulenin and 1,10-phenanthroline among others, suggesting a role in the response to drug stress Indeed, several target genes encoding a set of proteins involved...
... transcription is induced instress (see, for example, altered SUT expression instressin [36]) As genome-wide datasets that identified CUTs and SUTs in budding yeast were not derived under stress ... whole-genome mapping of PolII occupancy during several different stress time courses Our major findings are: 1, transcriptional changes in response to stress are only partly reflected in mRNA abundance; ... termination becomes inefficient, leading to more transcription of full-length Nrd1 and restoration of high levels of the protein Interestingly, other genes involvedin transcriptional control also show...
... AP2/EREBP transcriptionfactors were classified into five subfamilies, including DREB/CBF (dehydration-responsive element-binding protein/C-repeat binding factor), ERF (ethylene-responsive transcription ... This finding indicates that MtCBF2 and MtCBF3/DREB1C may play a critical role in inducing the COLD-ACCLIMATIONSPECIFIC (CAS) gene, which in turn increases freezing tolerance In contrast, transcription ... up-regulated in signal transduction and ligand-receptor interaction pathways Probe sets involvedin protein folding, sorting, and degradation include heat shock proteins It is worth noting that the...
... germinated in individual pots each containing the same amount of pre-wetted soil Plants were regularly irrigated for 20 days Before watering was terminated, pots were covered with tin foil to minimize ... 15-day-old pVvMYB60:GUS seedling (E) Magnification of leaf primordia in (D), showing staining of differentiating stomata (F) Detail of a pVvMYB60:GUS mature leaf, showing staining of fully differentiated ... under water stressin field-grown grapevines Aust J Plant Physiol 1999, 26(5):421-433 Schroeder J, Kwak J, GJ GA: Guard cell abscisic acid signalling and engineering drought hardiness inplants Nature...