the citric acid and oxidative phosphorylation
CHAPTER 4: THE CITRIC ACID AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION ppt
... glucose, the fatty acid palmitic acid, and the amino acids lysine and glutamate are depicted These molecules are degraded to a common compound called acetyl-CoA, the initiator of the citric acid ... enter the citric acid cycle; Trace the conversion of substrates to products through each of the citric acid cycle’s eight reactions and understand how flux through the cycle is regulated; Understand ... regulated; Understand the energetic output of the citric acid cycle; 12 INTRODUCTION Describe the role of the reduced electron carriers and their role in coupling the citric acid cycle to downstream...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Evolution of the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle of higher plants pdf
... localized in the cytosol [32,33] Here we investigate the evolution of the enzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the glyoxylate cycle by examining the individual ... branch in the trees, and furthermore it will lead to the mutation of conserved motifs otherwise common to the sequence family to which the gene belonged at the time of endosymbiosis The dissolution ... a-proteobacterial, homologues (MDH, CS and aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and all of the enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle There are two general patterns among the Ôeubacterial but not speci®cally...
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Báo cáo y học: "Inhibition of citric acid- and capsaicin-induced cough by novel TRPV-1 antagonist, V112220, in guinea-pig" potx
... capsaicin and citric acid cough in guinea-pigs [14,15] We investigated the effect of a novel and more selective TRPV1 antagonist [16-18], V112220, on cough induced by capsaicin and citric acid in the ... exposed to 0.4 M citric acid for 10 and a 10 cough response was recorded Two hours following citric acid inhalation, the same animal was exposed to 10-4 M Capsaicin for 10 and the cough response ... pigs Figure shows the number of coughs in the different groups for each guinea-pig and the number of coughs following exposure to citric acid and capsaicin at a later date either after no treatment...
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Báo cáo y học: "Comparison of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) nuclear genes in the genomes of Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila pseudoobscura and Anopheles gambiae" docx
... to optimize the cross-talk between the two genomes and ensure the coordinated expression of their relevant products Analysis of co-regulated mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and of the transcription ... OXPHOS genes in the three dipteran genomes and their cytological location For each gene, a record showing the gene map and reporting the annotated genomic sequences as well as the mRNA and protein ... orthologous genes and their duplications when present (see below), and aligns the orthologous coding sequences (CDS), and also aligns their deduced amino -acid products with the corresponding...
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Báo cáo y học: "PKC and PKA Phosphorylation Affect the Subcellular Localization of Claudin-1 in Melanoma Cells"
... of PKC and PKA phosphorylation on the claudin-1 protein, and the primers used to perform site-directed mutagenesis of these sites The first 10 rows represent mutations to alanine, and the last ... We found that there are five putative PKC phosphorylation sites on the claudin-1 protein (212 amino acids long), but all of these are also sites of PKA phosphorylation (Table 1) There are however, ... PKA phosphorylation, at amino acid residues 65-69, and 189-192 and 201-205 It should be noted that the aa189-192 site overlaps with a PKC/PKA phosphorylation site (aa188-191) To assess whether...
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Báo cáo y học: Esterified Hyaluronic Acid and Autologous Bone in the Surgical Correction of the Infra-Bone Defects"
... graft in the damaged site and on the other hand, it creates an environment with a rich content of HA, with all the advantages deriving from the phenomenon The present study’s clinic and radiologic ... proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the epithelial cells [2,12,18,19] Following the surgical treatment of adult periodontitis, the epithelial regeneration of the periodontal attachment ... and facilitate the direct clinical view of the defect [fig 3-4] A full-thickness flap was elevated and the granulation tissue was removed showing the true extension and depth of the infra-bone...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Marine toxins and the cytoskeleton: okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins pptx
... FEBS 6061 DSPs and the cytoskeleton C Vale and L M Botana Diarrheic shellfish toxins and cell adhesion The adherence of cells to each other and to the elaborate mesh that comprises the extracellular ... the AD brain, and in metabolically active brain slices from adult rats, the inhibition of PP2A activity by OA produces the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau that inhibits its binding and the ... modifications, with phosphorylation being the most studied of these IFs maintain cell shape and the structural integrity of cell contents, and provide protection against various types of stress The mechanism...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Implication of the glutamine synthetase ⁄glutamate synthase pathway in conditioning the amino acid metabolism in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of maize leaves doc
... the light to 25% in the dark (Fig 7A) Glutamine and asparagine were the major amino acids in the xylem sap in both the light (63% of the total amino acids) and dark (60%) (Fig 7B) The amino acid ... genes and encoded enzymes involved in nitrate assimilation and amino acid synthesis [7] The stalk and leaves below and above the ear act as the source organs for nitrogen reallocation in the reproductive ... metabolism and translocation M.-H Valadier et al Table Amino acid composition in leaves, and amino acid percentage ratio in the phloem exudates and leaves and xylem bleeding sap and leaves in the light...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: The b-1,4-endogalactanase A gene from Aspergillus niger is specifically induced on arabinose and galacturonic acid and plays an important role in the degradation of pectic hairy regions pdf
... aculeatus The similarity of the galA genes is higher between the two biseriate species, A niger and A tubingensis, than between the monoseriate A aculeatus galA gene and either of the other two ... in the positive mode The laser intensity was 2300, the pulsed delay time was 200 nsec, the accelerating voltage was 12 000 V, the grid voltage was 7200 V and the guide wire voltage was 9.6 V The ... on the gel The A niger galA accession number is AJ305303 Sequence alignments Nucleic acid and amino acid sequence alignments were performed by using the Blast programs [26] at the server of the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo Y học: Importance of the amino-acid composition of the shutter region of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 for its transitions to latent and substrate forms pdf
... b strand 6A and the backbone of Asn171 in the a helix F/b strand 3A loop Note: SWISSPDB VIEWER uses the same signature for a helices and the short 310-helix found in the a helix F/b strand 3A ... present in the shutter region, although differently organized, in both the stressed and the relaxed conformations [15] The network involves the side chains of the amino acids in positions 53 and 56 ... undertaken a number of substitutions in the shutter region and b strand 5A of PAI-1 and studied their effect on the transition to latent and substrate forms and on the stabilizing effect of vitronectin,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Molecular dynamics structures of peptide nucleic acidÆDNA hybrid in the wild-type and mutated alleles of Ki-ras proto-oncogene ppt
... of the PNA strand, flanking the A24 C7 mismatch in PDwt (Scheme 1), and the corresponding AT(6–7) & TC(7–8) steps of the DNA strand (Fig 2E,F), and GA(23–24) & AT(24–25) (Fig 2G,H) steps of the ... PDmut On the other hand, stacking at the AC(6–7) step in the DNA strand of PDwt is retained during the entire simulation in spite of the large movement of C7 (Fig 2A) This occurs due to the coordinated ... stacking in the vicinity of A C mismatch in PNAÆDNA and DNA duplexes Intra strand base stacking at the AC(6–7) (Fig 2A) & CC(7–8) steps (Fig 2B) of the DNA strand, and GA(23–24) (Fig 2C) and AT(24–25)...
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Báo cáo Y học: Inhibition of the SERCA Ca21 pumps by curcumin Curcumin putatively stabilizes the interaction between the nucleotide-binding and phosphorylation domains in the absence of ATP pot
... 3A) and ATP (Fig 3B) in the absence and presence of curcumin, using the coupled enzyme assay In Fig 3A, the half-maximal activation of the ATPase by Ca2þ was measured in the absence of and in the ... side of the membrane While in the E2 form the Ca2þ binding sites have translocated across the membrane to the luminal side and are of low affinity Furthermore, in the E1 conformational state, the ... contact in the absence of ATP, curcumin is then able to bind to the ATPase (possibly at the hinge region) locking the two domains together and therefore precluding ATP binding (i.e inhibiting the ATPase...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Modular kinetic analysis reveals differences in Cd2+ and Cu2+ ion-induced impairment of oxidative phosphorylation in liver pot
... Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions on the control of fluxes in oxidative phosphorylation Using MCA, we assessed the contribution made by each oxidative phosphorylation module to the control of JR and JP (Table and ... effects of Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions on oxidative phosphorylation Bimodulular kinetic analysis of the effects of Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions on oxidative phosphorylation To determine which oxidative phosphorylation ... Cu2+ ions on the kinetics of the proton leak module (A), the respiratory chain module (B) and the phosphorylation module (C) The kinetics of the modules were obtained as described in the legend...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Phosphorylation modulates the local conformation and self-aggregation ability of a peptide from the fourth tau microtubule-binding repeat pdf
... kinases and the highly dynamic turnover of phosphorylation in vivo Site-directed mutagenesis, which converts serine and threonine to aspartic acid and glutamic acid, has been used to imitate phosphorylation ... spectroscopy The aggregation behavior of peptide R4 and phosphopeptide pR4 and the structural differences between them were then examined using turbidity, ThT fluorescence and electron microscopy The results ... chemical shift deviation of NH and aH occurs mainly at the phosphorylation site and sites proximal to it, and may reflect both intrinsic effects through the covalent bond and the formation of a hydrogen...
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Báo cáo khoa học: The crystal structure of annexin Gh1 from Gossypium hirsutum reveals an unusual S3 cluster Implications for cellulose synthase complex formation and oxidative stress response potx
... Fig The membrane binding loops The IAB loops of Anx(Gh1) (A) and AnxA5 (B) are shown in the same view from the front (C) and (D) show the IIAB loops of Anx(Gh1) and AnxA5, respectively, from the ... head-to-head The exposed tryptophan side chain is sandwiched between Arg261 and Tyr308, right between the AB and DE loops of the domain IV of the symmetry mate Compared to Anx24(Ca32), the tryptophan ... cations in the conformation found in the crystal structure Neither the first nor the other domains are able to coordinate cations in these regions, as positively charged residues in the close vicinity...
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Báo cáo khoa học: The molecular chaperone a-crystallin incorporated into red cell ghosts protects membrane Na/K-ATPase against glycation and oxidative stress ppt
... resealing The ghost cells eluted in the void volume (70 mL) while the main haemoglobin band followed about 130 mL later (Fig 1) The lysed cells were white and therefore practically haemoglobin-free The ... which was the same at t ¼ and h This indicates that the 14 C sucrose was trapped by loading and resealing and did not leak out of the ghost cells The ghost cells were incubated with and without ... inside the ghost cells Ghosts resealed in the presence of acrystallin showed the extra two a-crystallin subunit bands at around 20 kDa confirming the efficient sealing of the protein within the cells...
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Báo cáo khoa học: 2-Oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes in redox regulation Role of the lipoate residues and thioredoxin pot
... influences the NADH/NAD+ ratio and involves the important biological SH/S-S compounds, lipoic acid and CoA, with one of them (lipoate) being covalently bound to the complexes Sensitivity of the 2-oxo acid ... role of these domains Rather, the advantage appears to depend on the ability of the lipoyl group to protrude from the inner core of the complex, indicative of the biological significance of the complex-bound ... a3/310 and a1 helices and the length of the a1 helix and (c) the three charged residues on the thioredoxin surface opposite to the active site, which significantly influence polarization of the molecule...
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Báo cáo Y học: A polymer with a backbone of 3-deoxy-D-glycero -D-galacto -non-2ulopyranosonic acid, a teichuronic acid, and a b-glucosylated ribitol teichoic acid in the cell wall of plant pathogenic Streptomyces sp. VKM Ac-2124 pdf
... intensities of the signals in the 1H NMR spectrum It is likely that the percentages of the teichuronic acid, the Kdn-containing polymer, and the ribitol teichoic acid are 30 %, 10 %, and 10 % of the mass ... percentage of the teichoic acid ( 10 % mass of the cell wall) was calculated from the content of the teichoic acidlinked phosphorus (0.8%) and taking into account the structure of the polymer (the phosphate:glucose ... ribitol teichoic acid from the cell wall of S azureus RIA 1009 [24] and based on the analysis of the products formed upon acid and enzymatic hydrolysis Acid hydrolysis afforded glucose and ribitol...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Salicylic acid and the hypersensitive response initiate distinct signal transduction pathways in tobacco that converge on the as-1-like element of the PR-1a promoter pot
... expression through the same cis-acting element in the PR-1a promoter On the other hand, an as-1 containing PR-1a promoter responds differently from the wild-type promoter towards SA and the HR Therefore, ... colinear with the open reading frame encoded by the PR-1a gene, and differs by only six amino acids from the PR-1a preprotein in the N-terminal moiety of the protein Most importantly, the W38-1 pseudogene ... containing the PR-1a gene The resulting plasmid was linearized with EcoRV, which cuts in the PR-1a 3¢ untranslated region 56 bp 3¢ to the stop codon, and a SacI linker was added to the blunt ends The...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Redox reaction between amino-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl phosphonic acid and dopaquinone is responsible for the apparent inhibitory effect on tyrosinase doc
... trichloroacetic acid and acetic acid released from the solvent were neutralized with NaOD, the volume of the sample was brought up to mL with D2O and the proton NMR spectrum was recorded The spectrum of the ... determine the redox potentials for Dopa and compound to see whether the difference would favor the redox reaction between dopaquinone and the phosphonic diphenol Because of the irreversibility of the ... approximately to the amount of the diphenolic substrates oxidized by the enzyme (0.8 equivalents for Dopa and 1.1 equivalents for the mixture, whereas the theoretical values are and 1.5 equivalents,...
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