shared alternate path protection with multiple criteria in all optical wavelength routed wdm networks
the handbook of optical communication networks
... Gerla Chapter 18 Shared alternate- path protection with multiple criteria in all- optical wavelength- routed WDM networks Bin Zhou and Hussein T Mouftah Chapter 19 Optical transport networks: A physical ... for path selection in dynamic wavelength- routed WDM networks Pin-Han Ho and Hussein T Mouftah Chapter 15 Distributed lightpath control for wavelength- routed WDM networks Jun Zheng and Hussein ... Routing and wavelength assignment with multi-granularity traffic in optical networks Pin-Han Ho and Hussein T Mouftah Chapter 12 Adaptive routing and wavelength assignment in all- optical networks: ...
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FPGA BASED DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORKS
... software mainly finishes sending disposing and controlling information; The FPGA software is principal part of the system software, and responsible for finishing the realization of all test functions ... receiving interface indicate that the optical interface can receive all packet sizes and store them in SDRAM at Gigabit Ethernet line rate TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT CHAPTER : INTRODUCTION ... network interface controller in the FPGA is to meet the performance objective for each interface in the FPGA There are multiple fast clock domains in the FPGA for this design, including PowerPC...
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Optical networks a practical perspective 3rd edition
... the multiplexing and demultiplexing functions optically This approach is called optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) Laboratory experiments have demonstrated the multiplexing/demultiplexing ... understanding of optical networks, and we’ve added a section called “Transmission Basics” to introduce several terms commonly used in optical networking and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ... Different multiplexing techniques for increasing the transmission capacity on an optical fiber (a) Electronic or optical time division multiplexing and (b) wavelength division multiplexing Both multiplexing...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 86 pdf
... online, 462-463,475,481-482 on rings with no conversion, 476-477 solution, 462 solving, 442, 448 routing protocols, 390 interdomain routing protocol, 392 intradomain routing protocol, 391 Rowland circle, ... 686-688 wavelength conversion, 405 wavelength reuse, 405 wavelength standardization, 346 See also wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) wide-area networks (WANs), 4, 381 wideband DCS, 380 working paths, ... information, 366 multiplexing, 367-370 multiplex section layer, 370, 543 path layer, 370 physical interfaces, 376-377 pointers, 367-368 protection schemes, 544 standard optical interface, 366 standards,...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 1 ppsx
... of fiber are being introduced, and point-point links are now being organized by their owners into rings and other real network structures, using new optical switching and routing technologies ... especially like how it ties the optical hardware functionality into the overall networking picture Everybody who wants to be a player in the optical networking space should have this book within ... young in the sense that almost nothing in the technology has reached steady-state maturity New optical bands are being opened up, unprecedented bitrates are being carried per wavelength over all- optical...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 2 doc
... miles of fiber being installed per day, just in the United States alone Fiber has been displacing wire in many applications, and gradually it is emerging as one of the two dominant Cinderella transmission ... real networks, the architectural considerations underlying them, and what good they had ever done anybody In the last four years, optical networking has indeed really happened, essentially all ... dollars of wavelength division networking systems are being sold annually, major new businesses have been created that produce nothing but optical networks, and bandwidth bottlenecks are being relieved...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 3 pptx
... understanding of optical networks, and we've added a section called "Transmission Basics" to introduce several terms commonly used in optical networking and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ... Optical networking used to be confined to a fairly small community of researchers and engineers but is now of great interest to a broad audience including students; engineers in optical component, ... optical layer protection Chapter 11 covers access networks with a focus on emerging passive optical networks (PONs) Chapter 12 provides updated coverage of optical packet-switched networks Finally,...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 5 potx
... first-generation networks in Chapter Today we are seeing the deployment of second-generation optical networks, where some of the routing, switching, and intelligence is moving into the optical layer ... rates, researchers are working on methods to perform the multiplexing and demultiplexing functions optically This approach is called optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) Laboratory experiments ... destination node over a wavelength on each intermediate link At intermediate nodes in the network, the lightpaths are routed and switched from one link to another link In some cases, lightpaths may be converted...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 6 pdf
... than in the electronic domain This form of optical time domain multiplexing (OTDM) may 1.6 Optical Packet Switching 27 Figure 1.12 An optical network consisting of all- optical subnetworks interconnected ... transparent networks is the notion of an all- optical network In an all- optical network, data is carried from its source to its destination in optical form, without undergoing any optical- to-electrical ... carried over lightpaths Inside the optical layer itself is a multiplexing hierarchy Multiple wavelengths or lightpaths are combined together into wavelength bands Bands are combined together to...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 7 pdf
... the 1.3 #m wavelength band Single-mode fiber has a relatively small core diameter of about to 10 #m, which is a small multiple of the operating wavelength 36 INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL NETWORKS range ... This forces all the energy in a light signal to travel in the form of a single mode Using single-mode fiber effectively eliminated intermodal dispersion and enabled a dramatic increase in the bit ... operating wavelength of the light signal A basic understanding of light propagation in these fibers can be obtained using the so-called geometrical optics model, illustrated in Figure 1.16 In this...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 8 potx
... Second-generation networks provide circuit-switched lightpaths by routing and switching wavelengths inside the network The key elements that enable this are optical line terminals (OLTs), optical add/drop multiplexers ... working on optical networking include the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF), Internet Engineering ... INTRODUCTION OPTICAL NETWORKS TO [Yan96] Y Yano et al 2.6 Tb/s WDM transmission experiment using optical duobinary coding In Proceedings of European Conference on Optical Communication, 1996 Postdeadline...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 9 ppt
... is plotted in Figure 2.4 Note that 0~ ax increases with increasing A, which causes the limit on the bit rate-distance product to decrease with increasing A The value of A is typically chosen ... However, individually, the core and cladding regions in a step-index fiber are homogeneous The core of a graded-index fiber is inhomogeneous A discussion of the propagation of light in graded-index ... depicted in Figure 2.3 In this figure, the coupling of light from the medium outside (taken to be air with refractive index no) into the fiber is also shown 52 PROPAGATION SIGNALS IN OPTICAL...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 10 doc
... 3.4.4) provide amplification in this band Lucent introduced a new kind of single-mode optical fiber, called AllWave fiber, in 1998, which virtually eliminates the absorption peaks due to water vapor ... where A is called the Rayleigh scattering coefficient Note that the Rayleigh scattering loss decreases rapidly with increasing wavelength due to the Z-4 dependence Glasses with substantially lower ... the wavelength, the more power in the cladding Thus, even in the absence of material dispersion~so that the refractive indices of the core and cladding are independent of wavelength~ if the wavelength...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 11 ppsx
... system In a WDM system with multiple channels, the induced chirp in one channel depends on the variation of the refractive index with the intensity on the other channels This effect is called ... refractive index in the fiber core and cladding A typical refractive index profile of a dispersion-shifted fiber is shown in Figure 2.13(b) Comparing this with the refractive index profile of a step-index ... the induced chirp in a channel due to the variation of the refractive index with the intensity on the same channel, we call the effect SPM In the case of WDM systems, another important nonlinear...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 12 pdf
... written PL instead of P to emphasize the linearity assumption used in obtaining this relation, and used x(1)0 instead of X for convenience in what follows In discussing the effect of nonlinearities, ... change increases as the propagation distance z increases Since the relation between/3 and the refractive index n in the linear regime is/3 = con~c, we can also interpret (2.22) as specifying an intensity-dependent ... refractive index to become intensity dependent, which is the root cause of these nonlinear effects We will use this equation (2.19) as the starting point in understanding three important nonlinear...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 13 pptx
... the phase-matching condition for the remaining terms, which are all of the form coi + coj - wg, i, j :/: k (coi, coj not necessarily distinct) For example, if the wavelengths in the WDM system are ... dispersion in the 1.55 #m wavelength window, unfortunately it is not suitable for use with WDM because of severe penalties due to four-wave mixing and other nonlinearities (see Section 5.8) As we shall ... that is, the chromatic dispersion increases with increasing wavelength This is mainly because the material dispersion slope of silica is positive and usually dominates the negative chromatic dispersion...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 14 pps
... step-index fiber with a core radius of / , m and a cladding refractive index of 1.45 (a) For what range of values of the core refractive index will the fiber be single moded for all wavelengths in ... convert the optical signal back into the electrical domain This is followed by optical switches, which play an important role as optical networks become more agile Finally, we cover wavelength ... output and the remaining power to output We call ot the coupling ratio The coupler can be designed to be either wavelength selective or wavelength independent (sometimes called wavelength flat)...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 15 potx
... applications: to multiplex and demultiplex wavelengths in a WDM system~these devices are called multiplexers/ demultiplexers~and to provide equalization of the gain and filtering of noise in optical amplifiers ... demultiplexer performs the opposite function Multiplexers and demultiplexers are used in WDM terminals as well as in larger wavelength crossconnects and wavelength add~drop multiplexers Demultiplexers ... wavelengths In WDM communication systems, gratings are used as demultiplexers to separate the individual wavelengths or as multiplexers to combine them The Stimax grating of Table 3.1 is a grating of...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 16 pptx
... some integer m, called the order of the grating The grating effects the separation of the individual wavelengths in a WDM signal since the grating equation is satisfied at different points in the ... reflection grating with blaze angle ~ In such a grating, the reflecting slits are inclined at an angle ~ to the grating plane This has the effect of maximizing the light energy in the interference ... applications, including filtering, add/drop functions, and compensating for accumulated dispersion in the system Being all- fiber devices, their main advantages are their low loss, ease of coupling (with...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 17 potx
... single MZI with a fixed value of the path difference AL Let one of the inputs, say, input 1, be a wavelength division multiplexed signal with all the wavelengths chosen to coincide with the peaks ... length The same effect can be achieved by varying the refractive index within the cavity Consider a WDM system, all of whose wavelengths lie within one FSR of the Fabry-Perot filter The frequency ... those wavelengths for which the cavity length is an integral multiple of half the wavelength in the cavitymso that a round trip through the cavity is an integral multiple of the wavelengthmall...
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- a novel distributed protocol for path selection in dynamic wavelength routed wdm networks
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