... Preterite vs present perfect in clauses with temporaladverbials 589Chapter 13. Adverbial when-clauses and the use of tenses 635Chapter 14. Adverbial before-clauses and after-clauses 685Glossary ... present perfect 209Chapter 6. The present perfect vs the preterite in clauseswithout temporal adverbials 315Chapter 7. Absolute tense forms referring to the post-present 335Chapter 8. Temporal ... Salkie, Elizabeth Traugott, Naoaki Wada,and Christopher Williams. The Grammar ofthe English Verb PhraseVolume 1:The Grammar ofthe English Tense SystemA Comprehensive AnalysisbyRenaat...
... case the verb is a ‘copula’ or ‘linking verb (see immediately below).1.13.2 The term ‘transitive verb does not cover one-complement verbs likebe, seem, become, etc. which are linking verbs or ... calledweak verbs orregular verbs.play Ϫ played; love Ϫ loved; cry Ϫ cried; equip Ϫ equipped; picnic Ϫ picnickedHowever, there are quite a few verbs in English that are irregular verbs orstrong verbs. ... perfecttenses.6. For some linguists, ‘strong verb and ‘irregular verb do not cover the same concept, nordo the terms ‘weak verb and ‘regular verb . For these linguists, past tense forms likeset,...
... duration adverbials1.46.1 A formal test to distinguish between bounded and nonbounded clausesis the addition of a particular type of duration adverbial. Anoninclusiveduration adverbial(answering ... was speaking for hours. (nonbounded ϩ noninclusive duration adverbial)#John was speaking in an hour. (nonbounded ϩ inclusive duration adverbial) (Notethat in an hour should be read as measuring ... durationadverbial. If in an hour measures the temporal distance between a contextually giventime of reference and the beginning of John’s speaking, it is not an inclusive durationadverbial...
... adverbs. (In chapter 6 itwill be shown that certain adverbials referring to a time that is connected to the presentcombine with the present perfect but not with the past tense, and that adverbials ... associated with the lexical verb Ϫ is actually referred to.Such verb forms establish a future domain but are not future tense forms. We call themfuturish forms. ‘Be going to ϩ verb may be a futurish ... past tense, the presentperfect tense and the present tense differ as to their compatibility with adverbslike still or already. This shows that the meaning of the present perfect isneither ‘past...
... zero-point’).2.56 Types of temporal adverbials2.56.1 We have distinguished three types of adverbial that give temporal in-formation. Time-specifying adverbials (e. g. at six o’clock) temporally ... time-specifying adverbials locateorientation times (including situation times), pure duration adverbials measurethe length of the time of a full situation, and bifunctional adverbials simulta-neously ... orientation time. Pure duration adverbials(e. g. for six hours) specify the length of time occupied by a full situation, butdo not locate it in time. Bifunctional adverbials (e. g. from six to...
... alternative (nonfactual) world. Such a context is created by(amongst other things) ‘intensional verbs’ (‘verbs of propositional attitude’) like want,expect, believe, think, imagine, etc. Clauses...
... an absolute past tense formis compatible with an unanchored punctual time-specifying adverbial (i. e. anadverbial of the type at X o’clock), whereas a relative past tense form is not:I was still ... domain) accounts for the obligatory use of thepast tense (rather than the conditional tense) in the adverbial time clause of asentence like the following:John decided that he would wait until his ... to the temporal ordering of the situation times from such sourcesas the presence of temporal adverbials, the order of appearance of the clauses,the linguistic and extralinguistic context, his...
... foreach seed verb by determining the proportion ofhead verbs each seed verb occurs with.6.2 Verb MappingThe sentential contexts gathered from corpusdata contain a wide range of verbs, not justthe ... of verbs (I-SYNONYM), and from this, calculate the closest-matching seed verb( s) for a given verb. Figure 2 depicts the procedure for mappingverbs in constructional contexts onto the seedverbs. ... Next, for our test NCs, weidentified all verbs for which the modifier andhead noun co-occur as subject, object, or PPN.We then mapped these verbs to seed verbs us-ing WordNet::Similarity and Moby’s...