... (Germany) List of Contributors VIII Preface Each of us performs thousands of eye movements every day without being aware of how the brain controls them The oculomotor system is one of the best understood ... Neural Controlof Saccadic Eye Movements Catz, N.; Thier, P (Tübingen) 76 Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements and Optokinetic Nystagmus Büttner, U.; Kremmyda, O (Munich) 90 Disconjugate Eye Movements ... in the controlof several types of eye movements, the frontal eye field being the best investigated structure It could be shown that the frontal eye field is not only involved in saccade control...
... movements represent an example of the sensory guidance of movements that has contributed significantly to our understanding of some of the general principles underlying the sensory guidance of ... that the elicited eye movements are closely aligned with the direction of the offending canal With this proof that also in humans eye movements are produced in the plane of the stimulated SCC, ... major functions of the central nervous system is the generation ofmovement in response to sensory stimulation The visual guidance of saccadic eye movement represents one form of sensory-to-motor...
... under the controlof an inhibitory projection coming from the caudate nucleus (CN) One of the main functions of the basal ganglia in the controlof saccades seems to be the avoidance of unwanted ... area The features of these three types of neurons are reminiscent of the neurons in the SC, from which some of the input of the NRTP is derived However, unlike movement fields of saccade neurons ... increases with the ipsilateral deviation of the gaze The types of neurons found in the PPRF have distinct roles in an influential model of the controlof saccadic eye movements, put forward by Robinson...
... Neurochemistry of the Vestibular System Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 2000, pp 303–328 Ilg UJ, Hoffmann KP: Responses of neurons of the nucleus of the optic tract and the dorsal terminal nucleus of the ... Two distinct deficits of visual tracking caused by unilateral lesions of cerebral cortex in humans Ann Neurol 1988;23:266–273 Krauzlis RJ: The controlof voluntary eye movements: new perspectives ... Directional asymmetries of human optokinetic nystagmus Exp Brain Res 1988;70:597–604 Barnes GR: Visual-vestibular interaction in the controlof head and eye movement: the role of visual feedback and...
... our understanding of the supranuclear controlof eyelid function Moreover, several lines of evidence indicate a strong interaction between the neural controlof eyelid and eye movements Therefore, ... maintenance of fixation This, in turn, leads to further Disconjugate Eye Movements 101 upward movementof the covered eye and, at the same time, to a reduction of the cyclovertical component of the ... First, the current knowledge of the anatomic and physiologic basis of eyelid movements will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on the supranuclear controlof eyelid movements and eyelid coordination...
... Clinical Application of Lid Movements Blinks and the Initiation of Eye Movements Under certain circumstances, blinks might slow eye movements down, speed them up, or elicit specific eye movements Patients ... rather to changes of the activity of OPNs or to visual suppression [65] The activity of 50% of the OPNs is decreased during ongoing smooth pursuit [88] Electrical stimulation of the OPN area during ... CR, Fuchs AF: Activity of omnipause neurons in alert cats during saccadic eye movements and visual stimuli J Neurophysiol 1982;47:827–844 Keller EL: Controlof saccadic eye movements by midline...
... motor controlof rapid movements The most recent of these models [50] proposes that the role of the cerebellum goes beyond controlling eye movement in that the cerebellum is considered to control ... biomechanics of the eye Subsequently, models of the neural velocity-toposition integrator, which is common to all types of eye movements, are considered Finally, models of the various types of eye movements ... pathological eye movements often allows the topological diagnosis of the lesion causing the abnormalities Despite our extensive knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of eye movements, very little...
... fourth each of cases of downbeat nystagmus [30, 34] Treatment Since a loss of inhibitory cerebellar influence on the vestibular nuclei is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of downbeat ... side of the affected canal [11, 91] h-BPPV was reported to occur in about 12% of a series of 300 patients [91] BPPV of the anterior vertical canal probably occurs much more seldom than that of ... Central caudal nucleus (CCN), eyelid control 111 Cerebellum central processing of vestibular signals 39, 40 saccadic eye movementcontrol 66–70 smooth pursuit eye movement role 80–82 Click-evoked...
... development control in the central area The thesis examines subjects ofcontrol activities, measures ofcontrol activities, forms and modes of control, the organizational model ofcontrol management ... effect of the city’s development control and the spatial development control in central business district of Ho Chi Minh City Chapter 2: BACKGROUND FOR THE RESEARCH OFCONTROL AND THE DEVELOPMENT CONTROL ... agency/department of urban development control in activities of city’s spatial development control in necessary cases Main functions of agency/ department of urban spatial development control: Consult...
... OF FIGURES xvi 5.2 Kinematic structure of ASLAN 106 5.3 Control structure of ASLAN 108 5.4 The arrangement of oscillators to control the walking of ... Coordination of Central Pattern Generator in the Controlof Humanoid Robot Walking HUANG WEIWEI (B.Eng, USTC) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ... the control during the walking Therefore, this thesis focuses on a bio-inspired approach of walking control CPG is a bio-inspired approach which focuses on the modeling of local control system of...
... (1999-2009) examines the refocusing of the CPF system which resulted in a greater degree ofcontrol for the lower classes, and the expansion of social controlof personal finance beyond the CPF ... Refocusing the CPF and Social Controlof Personal Finance Beyond the CPF 1999-2009 6.1 Refocusing the CPF System and a Greater Degree ofControl for the Lower Class 6.2 Social Control beyond the CPF: ... thoroughly the element of social control which is required for such an extensive and intrusive social security mechanism While the term social control is often associated with studies of criminology...
... notion of using SGLT inhibitors as a means to control circulating levels of glucose The selective inhibition of hSGLT2 by thioglycoside I, which is responsible for most of the reabsorption of glucose ... used to determine the amount of ATP in mg of protein measured from the number of cells per well After 24 h, the microtiter plate was taken for scintillation counting of radioactive [14C]AMG using ... adverse complications of glucose toxicity observed in diabetes The results of the present study suggest that some thioglycosides have a therapeutic potential for the controlof blood glucose levels...
... birth In Hungary 25.2% of congenital abnormalities were prevented by these methods Previously the selective abortion, i.e termination of pregnancy after the prenatal diagnosis of severe fetal defects ... Hungary about 20% of major congenital abnormalities (8.7% in the total group) were terminated after the prenatal diagnosis of defects Tertiary prevention: complete recovery of congenital abnormalities ... for their prevention Conflict of interest The author has declared that no conflict of interest exists References Czeizel AE, Intődy Z, Modell B What proportion of congenital abnormalities can...
... mixing duration (15 minutes) was decided from the results of kinetic batch experiments The pH of all solutions of the batch experiments were controlled to 7.0 using HCl and NaOH solutions during ... the schematic diagram of a typical laboratory-scale MBR experiment Each reactor was made of plexiglass and had a designed working volume of 10 L A flat sheet membrane made of chlorinated polyethylene ... 10 L/day with 1,000 mg/L of biological oxygen demand (BOD), 50 mg/L of nitrogen and 25 mg/L of phosphorus The experiments were conducted at a sludge retention time (SRT) of 33 days and the hydraulic...
... to control the temperature of a building and have obtained impressive results The fuzzy control method of Zadeh [17] has also been widely used for controlof many nonlinear systems; a fuzzy control ... self-adapting controller which changes as the input changes There are two disadvantages of the DMC controller First, the DMC controller is a local controller which can only guarantee the stability of the ... DMC controller to control the displacement ventilation HVAC system The control results using the DMC controller are analyzed and compared with those obtained from another controller The DMC controller...
... Microsoft host controller driver uses the SOF MODIFY register When the Microsoft host controller driver takes controlof the host controller from the BIOS, it always reads the value of the SOF MODIFY ... Microsoft host controller driver uses the SOF MODIFY register When the Microsoft host controller driver takes controlof the host controller from the BIOS, it always reads the value of the SOF MODIFY ... An example sequence of events that involves handoff of the host controller in both directions is shown in Figure Figure Example sequence of events in handoff of the host controller The time line...
... of all oils tested The main component of one of the oils is pulegone The other is not yet identified and it is called SEM76 (Shaaya and Kostyukovsky, 2006) In our study of the mode of action of ... quick and effective tool for the controlof stored-product insect pests In view of the scheduled phaseout of methyl bromide under the Montreal protocol, the role of phosphine in grain protection ... because of the pesticidal properties of these chemicals (Fenwick at al., 1983) and because of the potential use of methyl ITC as fumigant for wheat (Ducom, 1994) In our study on the rates of sorption...
... 2001.6,7 CONTROLOF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION Microbial contamination of fruit can occur at all stages of growth, harvesting, storage, and processing The surfaces of fresh fruits are often contaminated ... involves the use of mercury lamps, which generate 90% of their energy at a wavelength of 253.7 nanometers Exposure of bacteria to UV results in cross-linking of the thymine dimers of the DNA in ... controlof postharvest fungal spoilage of fruits have been studied Ionizing irradiation has been examined, and it was found that doses of 3.5 kGy did not completely control postharvest decay of apple,...