... list”) and opinion questions (“squishy list”), to which the traditional systems had to be adapted. The Alyssa system (Shen et al., 2007), classified the polarity of the question and of the ... list of 20 questions for each language. Finally, we produced the Gold Standard, by labeling the corpus with the correct answers corresponding to the questions. 1.1 Questions No TYPE QUESTION ... in Table 2, the questions for which the TQA system performed better were the pure fac-tual ones (1, 3, 4, 8, 10 and 14), although in some cases (question number 14) the OQA system re-trieved...
... W.J, Schoenmakers and E.P.C. van Utteren. The QuestionAnsweringSystem PHLIQA1. In L. Bolc (editor), Natural Language Question Answering Systems. Macmillan, 1980. [8] Scha, Remko J.H. English ... mapping is a component of such question- answering systems as TEAM [4], PHLIQA1 [7] and IRUS [1]. As an example of difficulties which may be encountered, consider the question "Was the patient's ... this writing, we have incorporated NIKL into the implementation of our natural language question- answering system, IRUS. NIKL is used to represent the knowledge in a Navy battle-management domain....
... ac-curacy, respectively, for variations of our QA system. Since all the questions we used are quadruple-choice, in case the system cannot answer the question, random choice can be performed to improve ... used test questions from the Class II exam-ination, and evaluated the Web-based encyclopedia interms of question answering. We found that our Web-based encyclopedia improved the system coverage ... domains (and consequently word senses).In addition, we proposed a questionanswering sys-tem, which answers interrogative questions associatedwith what, by using a Web-based encyclopedia as...
... cho resolver Resolver trả ñịa chỉ IP cho chương trình ứng dụng4II. Domain Name System (DNS)II. Domain Name System (DNS)1. Giới thiệu DNS2. Không gian tên DNS3. Dữ liệu DNS4. Name servers11Tên ... vàthực thi các lệnh trên dòng lệnhsử dụng Network Virtual Terminal (NVT)client system có thể khác server system ðược ñịnh nghĩa trong RFC 854, 85513Dữ liệu DNS (tt)Một số loại mẩu tin ... (co-operatives) museum (museums)2NNộội dung chương i dung chương 66I. Giới thiệuII. Domain Name System (DNS)III. TelnetIV. File Tranfer Protocol (FTP)V. E-MailVI. World Wide Web (WWW)17Ví...
... tex-tual entailment analysis. Question- Type Classifier (QC): QC is the taskof identifying the type of a given question amonga predefined set of question types. The type ofa question is used as a clue ... Semi-Supervised Learning for Question- Answering Asli CelikyilmazEECS DepartmentUniversity of Californiaat BerkeleyBerkeley, CA, 94720asli@berkeley.eduMarcus ThintIntelligent Systems Research CentreBritish ... semi-supervisedlearning for the question- answering (QA)task for ranking candidate sentences. Us-ing textual entailment analysis, we obtainentailment scores between a natural lan-guage question posed by...
... rating”want in” answer ”in the” in question CA avg asker rating”adenocarcinoma” in question CA History “anybody” in question ”was” in question ”who is” in question Q content typo density”live” ... per-sonalization models.Pers 1 (97 questions) Pers 2 (49 questions) Pers 3 (25 questions)UH total answers received Q avg pos votes Q content kl trecUH questions resolved ”would” in answer ... Figure 1.• Question Features: Traditional question answer-ing features such as the wh-type of the question (e.g., “what” or “where”), and whether the ques-tion is similar to other questions...
... EdinburghM.Kaisser@sms.ed.ac.ukAbstractThis paper describes the online demo of theQuALiM QuestionAnswering system. Whilethe system actually gets answers from the webby querying major search engines, during ... theanswer–there always will be the odd case wherea system returns a wrong result.1for QuestionAnswering with Linguistic MethodsHistorically, our system is web-based, receivingits answers by querying ... search experience.1 IntroductionThis paper describes the online demo ofthe QuALiM1 Question Answering system (http://demos.inf.ed.ac.uk:8080/qualim/). Wewill refrain from describing QuALiM’s...
... clinical questionanswering system that caters to the unique requirements of physi-cians, who demand both conciseness and com-pleteness. These competing factors can be bal-anced in a system s ... Teach EBM.Churchill Livingstone, second edition.E. Voorhees. 2005. Using question series to eval-uate questionansweringsystem effectiveness. InHLT/EMNLP 2005.Y. Zhao and G. Karypis. 2002. ... previously.2. Table 1: System response to the question “What is the best drug treatment for chronic prostatitis?”systems for decision support represent a poten-tially high-impact application. From...
... meaningful answers to failed questions by addressing any incorrect assumptions the questioner may have made in her/his question. When the direct response to a question would be simply "no" ... of ambiguity and the rephrasing of the question. It makes the system& apos;s interpretation of the question explicit by breaking down the clauses of the question and reordering them dependent ... the paraphrase, the user has the option of rephrasing her/his question before the system attempts to answer it. Thus, if the question was not interpreted correctly, the error can be caught...
... knowledge and external resources forTREC-style question answering. In particular, wedescribe a high performance question answering system called QUALIFIER (QUestion Answer-ing by Lexical Fabric and ... Ng.2002. Data-intensive question answering. Text RE-trieval Conference (TREC 2001)E. Brill, S. Dumais and M. Banko. 2002. An analysisof the AskiVISR question- answering system. InProceedings ... 2002. Probabilistic question answering from the web. In The Eleventh Interna-tional World Wide Web Conference,2002.E.M.Voorhees. 2002. Overview of the TREC 2001 Question Answering Track. In...
... online forums.1 IntroductionAutomatic QuestionAnswering (QA) systems relyheavily on good sources of data that contain ques-tions and answers. Questionanswering forums, suchas technical support ... post. Only identifying question and answering sentences from the thread is not enoughfor automatic question answering. For this example,in order to get the complete question, we would needto ... Example of a QuestionAnswering Thread inUbuntu Support Forumexists as a result of another sentence. For example, question context sentences exist because of the ques-tion itself; an answering...
... factoid questions in TREC 2004 has230 questions. Lexical chains containing the re-stricted set of relations that propagate verb argu-ments were found for 33 questions, linking verbsin those questions ... usedin an in-house QuestionAnswering sys-tem for re-ranking the set of candidate an-swers. Tests on factoid questions fromTREC 2004 indicate that the algorithm im-proved the system performance ... answer. Integration of this algorithminto the QuestionAnsweringsystem requires 3steps: (1) creation of structures containing verbarguments for the questions and its possible an-swers, (2) derivation...
... Paragraphs Question DocumentsAnswersAnswers−M1Answers−M2Answers−M3 QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM Figure 1: Integrating Textual Entailment in Q/A.lows. Section 2 describes the three methods ofusing textual entailment in open-domain question answering ... correct an-swers to a question, while 2500 negative exampleswere created by pairing questions with incorrectanswers returned by the Q/A system. After training our TE system on this corpus, ... AGQs that were entailed by the question submitted to the Q/A system. Here, AutoQUABwas used to generate questions for the top 50 can-didate answers identified by the system. When atleast one of...