application to question answering

... Evaluating Question Answering We used as test inputs 40 questions, which are related to technical terms collected from the Class II exami- nation in the autumn of 1999. The objective here is not only to ... QA system. Since all the questions we used are quadruple- choice, in case the system cannot answer the question, random choice can be performed to improve the cov- erage to 100%. Thus, for each ... respectively. 3 Produced by NOVA, Inc. Organizing Encyclopedic Knowledge based on the Web and its Application to Question Answering Atsushi Fujii University of Library and Information Science 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba 305-8550,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20

... associates with the answers of the expert i, to a certain set of questions related to an objective variable; x i is the ranking of a factor/process with regard to its relatively influential importance, ... knowledge and thought to bear on it. The central purpose of systems analysis is to help public and private decision and policy makers to understand the problem better, so to better manage the ... million tonnes. Together with the sediment load, the Jeneberang carries nutrients and freshwater towards the sea, resulting in a higher nutrient level and lower salinity near the shore, compared to...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2012, 10:35

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... found to be useful for application in the PSS research area. CONCLUSIONS 13 The overview of tools for measuring customer satisfaction excluded practical advice on how to develop these tools ... prefer to buy a product instead of leasing it or sharing. The mains reasons to this behaviour are the desire to own things and to have the possibility to use them anytime. When it comes to reasons ... Customer satisfaction surveys are a questionnaire based information collection tool to determine the level of satisfaction with various product or service features. Developing a good questionnaire...

Ngày tải lên: 04/11/2013, 10:15

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 18:33

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:37

... labels ˆ Y s = ˆ Y s ∪ Y L . 722 % SVM gSum SSL Hybrid SVM Hybrid gSum SSL #Labeled MRR Top1 Top5 MRR Top1 Top5 MRR Top1 Top5 MRR Top1 Top5 1% 45.2 33.2 65.8 56.1 44.6 72.8 51.6 40.1 70.8 59.7 47.0 75.2 5% 56.5 ... analysis. Question- Type Classifier (QC): QC is the task of identifying the type of a given question among a predefined set of question types. The type of a question is used as a clue to narrow ... methods. line represents a converted question, in order to extract the question- type feature, we use a match- ing NER-type between the headline and candidate sentence to set question- type NER match feature. We...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 07:20

... rating ”want in” answer ”in the” in question CA avg asker rating ”adenocarcinoma” in question CA History “anybody” in question ”was” in question ”who is” in question Q content typo density ”live” ... per- sonalization models. Pers 1 (97 questions) Pers 2 (49 questions) Pers 3 (25 questions) UH total answers received Q avg pos votes Q content kl trec UH questions resolved ”would” in answer ... content in social media with an application to community-based question answering. In Proceedings of WSDM. J. Jeon, W.B. Croft, J.H. Lee, and S. Park. 2006. A framework to predict the quality of answers...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... Text field. Additionally, during question analysis, certain question constituents are marked as either Topic or Focus (see Moldovan et al., (1999)). For the earlier example question “Tom Cruise” becomes the Topic while ... most in- terested in, but also to present context information and to furthermore provide options for the user to find out more about the topic, should he/she want to. 3 Finding Supportive Wikipedia Paragraphs We ... Constituents marked as Topic are generally ex- pected to be found in the Headers field. After all, the topic marks what the question is about. In a similar manner, titles and subtitles help to structure...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... negativa? 14 F O What country is thought to have rejected the Kyoto Protocol due to corruption? ¿Por qué Bush se retiró del Protocolo de Kyoto? 15 F/ O O What alternative environmental ... list of 20 questions for each language. Finally, we produced the Gold Standard, by labeling the corpus with the correct answers corresponding to the questions. 1.1 Questions No TYPE QUESTION ... quién reprocha la gente el fracaso del Protocolo de Kyoto? 8 F F What president is criticized worldwide for his reaction to the Kyoto Protocol? ¿Quién acusa a China por provocar...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... occurrences to accurately estimate pos- itive or negative adaptation. We measure the distribution of rule use to ex- plore if negatively adapted rules owe more to fre- quency effects or to sparse ... plot- ting histograms of the distance between subse- quent rule uses. The basic premise is to look for evidence of an early peak or skew, which sug- gests rule re-use. To ensure that the histogram it- self ... copying account is correct, then we would ex- pect parallelism effects to be restricted to coordi- nate structures and not to apply in other contexts. This paper presents a parsing model which...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... Evidence- Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM. Churchill Livingstone, second edition. E. Voorhees. 2005. Using question series to eval- uate question answering system effectiveness. ... such as CE to as- sess the responses generated by our system? A survey of evaluation methodologies reveals short- comings in existing techniques. Answers to factoid questions are automatically scored ... be- longed to, based on the CE recommendations. As we have discussed previously, a human (with suf- ficient domain knowledge) is required to perform this matching due to synonymy and differences in ontological...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... computes an update to the weight vector based on the current example. The resulting weight vector tends to be overfit to the last few examples; one way to reduce overfitting is to use the average of ... incorrect link. Since the history-based feature set used in the parsing algorithm makes it impossible to use inde- pendence to factorize the scoring function, an exact search to find the best-scoring ... tuned automatically (Tipping, 2001), and a possible extension to our work could be to adapt those models to the multinomial and cost- sensitive setting. We applied the learning models to three...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION AND ITS APPLICATION TO INFORMATION EXTRACTION Sadaoki Furui Department of Computer Science Tokyo institute of Technology 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, ... systems to impose few restrictions on tasks and vocabulary. To solve these problems, it is essential to develop automatic adaptation techniques. Extraction and normalization of. (adaptation to) ... technology. Applications of speech recognition technology can be classified into two main areas, dictation and human-computer dialogue systems. In the dictation domain, the automatic broadcast...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... Utteren. The Question Answering System PHLIQA1. In L. Bolc (editor), Natural Language Question Answering Systems. Macmillan, 1980. [8] Scha, Remko J.H. English Words and Data Bases: How to Bridge ... were never meant to, This does not mean we have to disregard them, however. The right perspective is to view them as attached inference engines to perform limited tasks having to do with their ... the arguments to the SETOF is now completed, and the resulting expression is: (DISPLAY 't(SETOF X:PATIENT (PERSON-I X))) Transformations can now be applied to the SETOF expression...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... may be of any type and in any topic. Modern QA systems must therefore com- bine the strengths of traditional IR and NLP/IE to provide an apposite way to answering questions. The QA task in the ... of the MG tool to retrieve up to N (N=50) relevant docu- ments from the QA corpus. We choose Boolean retrieval because of the short length of the que- ries, and to avoid returning too many irrelevant documents ... and its Applicability to Question Answering. In Proceedings of the ACL 2001 Conference, July 2001. M. A. Pasca and S. M. Harabagiu. 2001. High per- formance question/ answering. In Proceedings...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 16:20

... with hedonic pricing. In order to get good results, one must take into account all explanatory variables of housing prices. But the inclu- sion of too many explanatory variables will raise the ... em- ployees want higher wages to compensate for higher risk and em- ployers want to see lower wages to compensate for expenditure on higher safety. This leads to a bargaining process resulting ... Belgium additiond to Sofia Pmtoml) 0.1826 Reductionof HCemissbns bf 30% w.r.L 1987 [Geneva Pmtoml) 0.013 Reduction of S02 emissions by 30% wr.t 1980 1 1 (Helsinki Pmtoml) CITY HIGHWAY...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20