thảo luân TMU classification of subordinate clause by structural

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC THƯƠNG MẠI BÀI THẢO LUẬN NHÓM Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Nguyễn Thị Thanh Huyền Topic 8: : Classification of subordinate clause by structural Lớp học phần: Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh nâng cao Mã lớp học phần: 2111ENTH0621 ( sửa lại khung bìa y mẫu t gửi nhé, mẫu khung ln nhé) Bảng Đánh Gíá Nhóm ( ghi tiếng anh nhé) Order NAME Nguyễn Kiều Oanh Verbless Trần Thị Phước Word Phạm Thị Qúy Non-finite clause Nguyễn Như Quỳnh Powerpoint Nguyễn Thị Hồng Thắm Conclusion, Exercise present Lê Thị Phương Thảo Intro, definiton of subordinte, finite clause Present Leader GHI CHÚ NHẬN XÉT CỦA GIÁO VIÊN present present TOPIC 8: CLASSIFICATION OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSE BY STRUCTURAL ( thẳng hết lề vào cho t nha) A DEFINITION OF SUBORDINATE The subordinate clause is a type of clause that relies on the main clause to form a full sentence On its own, a subordinate clause cannot make a complex sentence This type of clause has a Definition of a subordinate: verb and a subject just like any other clause does are also known as a dependent clause This type of clause is used to add more information to a sentence Examples of subordinate clauses: - I met my friend in London, where she grew up from a young age Once my mother finishes work, we will go shopping This is Tim, who is my cousin ( chỗ thẳng dòng , ghi 3.) B BY STRUCTUAL TYPE 1.1 Finite clause A typical finite clause consists of a finite form of the verb together with its objects and other dependents ( a verb phrase or predicate), along with its subject (although in certain cases the subject is not expressed) Some examples are given below:  Kids play on computers (an independent clause)  I know that kids play on computers (a dependent (subordinate) clause, but still finite) Finite clauses must contain a verb which shows tense They can be main clauses or subordinate clauses: Is it raining? (main: present) I spoke to Joanne last night (main: past) We didn’t get any food because we didn’t have enough time (main: past; subordinate: past) Look at each of these examples Do they have present tense or past tense? Can we change the tense?  She feels sick  I was watching TV In the first example, we have the present tense verb form feels We could change to past tense: She felt sick In the second example, the verb phrase was watching contains the past tense form was We could change to the present tense: I am watching TV These are called finite clauses because they contain finite verbs: verbs in the present tense or past tense form Our examples of finite clauses so far are main clauses: She feels sick and I was watching TV stand alone as complete sentences Subordinate clauses, which form part of a larger sentence, can also be finite:  I know that she feels sick  While I was watching TV, the phone rang A finite clause typically contains a verb in the present tense or past tense form It can be a main clause or a subordinate clause, e.g.:  Kate broke the dish (main clause)  They suspect that Kate broke the dish (subordinate clause) + Look at each of these examples Do they have present tense or past tense? Can we change the tense? Ex1: She feels sick I was watching TV In the first example, we have the present tense verb form feels We could change to past tense: She felt sick In the second example, the verb phrase was watching contains the past tense form was We could change to the present tense: I am watching TV These are called finite clauses because they contain finite verbs: verbs in the present tense or past tense form Our examples of finite clauses so far are main clauses: She feels sick and I was watching TV stand alone as complete sentences Subordinate clauses, which form part of a larger sentence, can also be finite: I know that she feels sick While I was watching TV, the phone rang This finite verb has a role as a predicate in a sentence In the application of finite, it is adjusted to the subject and tenses Subjects and tenses also depend on the number and personality In a sentence (in English) the verb is a very important component and is used in the present tense and past tense Finite verb is also a limited verb and in its use, this finite verb has a relationship with its subject and tenses This finite verb can only be used in the present tense and past tense and the verb can be passive or active as well as singular or plural verbs, person or number concord and mood + Sentence Types and Examples Finite verb form based on tenses, person and number Based on the Example Sentence Agreement Present: Fitri drinks a coffee Past: Fitri drank a coffee First: I drink in the café Second: We drink in the café Third: He drinks in the café Singular: Siska drinks a cup of tea Plural: Siska and I drink a cup of tea 1.2 Nonfinite clause  Non-finite clauses contain a verb which does not show tense We usually use non-finite verbs only in subordinate clauses We usually understand the time referred to from the context of the main clause We often use a non-finite clause when the subject is the same as the subject in the main clause: - I had something to eat before leaving (I had something to eat before I left.) - After having spent six hours at the hospital, they eventually came home  A non-finite clause is similar, except that the verb must be in a non-finite form (such as an infinitive, participle, gerund or gerundive), and it is consequently much more likely that there will be no subject expressed, i.e that the clause will consist of a (non-finite) verb phrase on its own Nonfinite clauses tend to express less information than matching finite clauses Take this example: Ex: I am happy to see you We have here the nonfinite clause to see you Think about this clause on its own Does it tell us when the seeing happened? Or who is doing the seeing? No, it doesn’t tell us whether the seeing is present or past (unlike the finite clauses I see you, I saw you) We can only work out the time from the main clause verb (am) No, it doesn’t say who is doing the seeing: there is no Subject expressed in this clause We have to work out from the main clause that it is ‘I’ (the speaker) doing the seeing (If we had He is happy to see you, it would be ‘he’ doing the seeing.) It is very common for nonfinite clauses to have no Subject However, some have a Subject For example, in I am happy for you to start without me, you is the Subject of the nonfinite subordinate clause There are four main types of nonfinite clause, corresponding to the four types of nonfinite verb Let’s look at an example of each type This is a to-infinitive clause, with to followed by the infinitive verb form go With Subject: She didn't mean to break the dish (to-infinitive clause) Without S: To become a famous singer is her dream This is an -ing participle clause (also called present participle clause), with the -ing participle verb form arriving With S: She remembers breaking the dish (-ing participle clause) Without S : Arriving just before lunch, I looked for Harry Frampton in the dining room This is an -ed participle clause (also called past participle clause), with the -ed participle verb form covered With S : They will replace the dish broken by Kate (-ed participle clause) Without S : Left to himselft, he usually gets the job done quickly This is infinitive without ‘to’ : With S : He lets us use some of his land to grow vegetables Without S: rather than leave the children alone, I brought him to work with me Give More Example : ko gạch đầu dong - Kids like to play on computers (an infinitival clause using - infinitive) - Playing on computers, they whiled the day away (a participial clause, using a present participle) - Having played on computers all day, they were pale and hungry (a participial clause using a past participle) Some types of non-finite clause have zero in one of the object or complement positions; the gap is usually understood to be filled by a noun from the larger clause in which the non-zero clause appears (as is the subject "gap" in most non-finite clauses) These clauses are also called hollow non-finite clauses.[4]  Some examples: 1.He is the man to beat (infinitival clause with zero object; the man is understood as the object) 2.That car wants looking at straight away (gerund-participial clause with zero preposition complement after at) 3.The building was given a new lease of life (past-participial clause with zero indirect object) 1.3 Verbless clause  Verbless clause is a clause – like construction in which a verb element is implied but not present  Verbless clauses are clauses which contain no verb element, and often also no subject They are regarded as clauses because they function in ways, which make them equivalent to finite and non-finite clauses, and because they can be analyzed in terms of one or more clause elements  A verbless clause is a group of words that does not contain a verb For example: 'good morning', 'happy birthday' Although the verb is ellisipted, the sentence fragment has a meaning since it provides specific information For example: Whether successful or unsuccessful, he always puts his best efforts in his work This sentence contains two clauses: i Whether successful or unsuccessful ii He always puts his best efforts in his work The clause “ He always puts his best efforts in his work” has subject – he and the predicate – puts his best efforts in his work It make complete sentence by itself Therefore, it is the main clause The clause “ whether successful or unsuccessful” has no verb, also has no subject So it is called verbless clause Here, we can understand that “ Whether he is successful or unsuccessful, he always puts his best efforts in his work ” However, verbless clauses are less common than non – finte ones as far as the range of circumstances they express are concerned  With the verbless clause, we can usually infer ellipis of the verb be , the subject, when omitted, can be treated as recoverable from the context: For example: Although somewhat edgy, she said she would stay Although in this sentence, the subject and the verb have been omitted, but the listener still understands who the speaker is referring to It can be rephased into : would stay Although she was somewhat edgy, she said she  However, on occasion, verbless clause can also be treated as reductions of non – finite clauses: For example: Too nervous to reply, he stared at the floor The full original sentence would be: Being to nervous to reply, he stared at the floor Here the verbless clause itself contain a non – finite clause, to reply  Verbless clause as complement to a preposition - There no preposition that licences ONLY a verbless clause as complement - With, Without accept non – finite and verbless clause - Although, if, once, while accept finite, non – fine and verbless i He’d been on the beach (without anyone noticing him) finite) (non – ii He’d been on the beach (without sunscreen on) (Verbless) iii (While I was working on the Boston) I lived with my aunt ( Finite) iv (While working on the Boston) I lived with my aunt finite) v (While in Boston) I lived with my aunt ( non – ( Verbless)  Verbless clauses functioning directly as adjuncts Verbless clauses with a subject + predicate structure can function as adjuncts i The meeting finally over, they all adjourned to the local cafes ii The passengers, many of them quite elderly, were forced to line up in the sun C EXERCISE Ex1 : In the following sentences, state whether the verb given in the inverted commas is finite or non-finite 1.The fishermen are mending their nets.( finite clause) 2.The rescuers found the boy, though injured, fully conscious.( non-finite clause) 3.Before becoming a bank robber, he was a police officer (non-finite clause) We dined at a cheap restaurant last night.( finite clause) 5.Everybody left just after the ceremony.( finite clause) Ex2: Identify the finite and non-finite verbs in the following sentences 1.The person to make the report to at the police station was the Sergeant (nonfinite clause) 2.They expect Susan to all the work] ( expect is finite, to is non-finite) 3.Seeing no employment prospect, he became self-employed (non-finite clause) 10 4.A woman recognized as one of the hostages was found unharmed in the building (non-finite clause) 5.We were not allowed in because we arrived late.( finite clause) 11 ... TOPIC 8: CLASSIFICATION OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSE BY STRUCTURAL ( thẳng hết lề vào cho t nha) A DEFINITION OF SUBORDINATE The subordinate clause is a type of clause that relies on the main clause to... a subordinate clause cannot make a complex sentence This type of clause has a Definition of a subordinate: verb and a subject just like any other clause does are also known as a dependent clause. .. form It can be a main clause or a subordinate clause, e.g.:  Kate broke the dish (main clause)  They suspect that Kate broke the dish (subordinate clause) + Look at each of these examples Do