PROCEDURES USED IN TRANSLATING VIETNAMESE MOVIE TITLES INTO ENGLISH = THỦ THUẬT DỊCH tên PHIM VIỆT NAM SANG TIÉNG ANH

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATION PAPER PROCEDURES USED IN TRANSLATING VIETNAMESE MOVIE TITLES INTO ENGLISH Supervisor: Tống Thị Mỹ Liên, MA Student: Đặng Phương Hoa Year of Enrollment: QH2017.F1.E22.PDCLC HANOI, 2021 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP THỦ THUẬT DỊCH TÊN PHIM VIỆT NAM SANG TIÉNG ANH Giáo viên hướng dẫn: ThS Tống Thị Mỹ Liên Sinh viên: Đặng Phương Hoa Khóa: QH2017.F1.E22.PDCLC HÀ NỘI, 2021 ACCEPTANCE PAGE I hereby state that I: Dang Phuong Hoa, class QH.2017.F1.E22.PDCLC, being a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts accept the requirements of the College relating to the retention and use of Bachelor’s Graduation Paper deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper Signature Date: 29/04/2021 ABSTRACT Recently, Vietnam has witnessed an unprecedented fast-paced development of the film industry Not only have international movies been brought into Vietnamese movie market but Vietnamese ones have also been increasingly introduced to the global market As a result, in Vietnam, movie translation generally and movie title translation specifically have gained a great deal of attention from translators and experts There have been quite a few domestic studies conducted to investigate movie translation and movie title translation from other languages into Vietnamese The inverse translation of movie titles from Vietnamese to other tongues, nevertheless, has not received sufficient attention and research In other words, there are a mere number of investigations into Vietnamese-English translation of movie titles Urged by this situation, the researcher decided to carry out a study to figure out which procedures had been applied in translating Vietnamese movie titles into English with a qualitative approach The number of movies chosen was 45 with both Vietnamese titles and their English counterparts from online databases such as Netflix Data congregated from document analysis was converted to figures illustrated via tables and charts, enabling the researcher to attain the optimal results and draw conclusions All in all, six out of 11 procedures from the predefined set of Newmark’s procedures were applied: Transference, Modulation, Cultural equivalent, Literal Translation, Transposition and Couplets ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express the most sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Ms Tống Thị Mỹ Liên for her dedication and enthusiasm as well as her motivation and vast knowledge in the field; her patience, constructive comments as well as understanding and support with numerous challenges and obstacles I have been facing throughout my research Her continuous guidance and valuable feedback assisted me in not only reinforcing theories for conducting a study but also writing my thesis holistically I also feel thankful to some of my friends who inspired me to discover the topic for my research and accomplish this thesis Without their encouragement, I could have not had motivation to fulfill this challenge Of the equal importance, I would also want to acknowledge the help of Learning Resources Center of the University of Languages and International Studies as the ample source of information and references for my thesis Besides, my grateful thanks also go to all of the teachers who instructed me during my years at this university Last but not least, I am gratefully indebted to my family who has provided me unfailing mental and physical support throughout my years of knowledge acquisition and different phases of completing my thesis Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of research problem & rationale for the study 1.2 Research objectives and research questions 10 1.3 Significance of the study 10 1.4 Scope of the research 11 1.5 Methods of the research 11 1.6 Organization of the research 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 13 2.1 An overview of translation and translation procedures 13 2.1.1 Definition of translation 13 2.1.2 Translation procedures 15 2.2 An overview of a movie title 21 2.2.1 Movie title 21 2.2.2 Function of a movie title 21 2.2.3 Characteristics of Vietnamese and English movie titles 22 2.2.4 Principles in movie titles translation 25 2.4 Conclusion 26 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 28 3.1 The research design 28 3.2 Subjects of the study 28 3.3 Data collection methods and procedures 31 3.3.1 Data collection methods 31 3.3.2 Data collection procedures 32 3.4 Data analysis methods and procedures 33 3.5 Chapter summary 33 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 34 4.1 Findings 34 4.1.1 Procedures in translation of Vietnamese movie titles with proper nouns34 4.1.2 Procedures in translation of Vietnamese movie titles without proper nouns 40 4.2.3 Summary 51 4.2 Discussion 53 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 57 5.1 Summary 57 5.2 Limitations and suggestions 57 REFERENCES 60 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION In this initial chapter, the problem and rationale, research objectives and questions as well as the significance and the scope of the study are presented 1.1 Statement of research problem & rationale for the study Since the 19th century, the movie industry has become one of the most flourishing worldwide There has been an enormous increase in the number of movies produced as well as audiences enjoying this kind of entertainment In addition to serving as a means of entertainment, movies have also been a form of business in a range of countries Considered a massive business, it generates a significant amount of revenue to a country Furthermore, in the era of global integration, movies are also regarded as an effective way for cross-national and cross-cultural communications, thus boosting the transnational understanding in the contemporary world Therefore, myriad countries including both developed and developing ones put a high premium on producing intriguing movies to appeal to not only domestic but also international audience In the current time, Vietnam is not an exception The country has been paying increasing attention to its movie industry, thus creating a considerable increase in Vietnamese films, many of which are introduced to the international movie market The typical example is “Hai Phuong” (“Furie”), which ranks 27th in the American movie market according to Nhan Dan Newspaper leading to the promising future of the Vietnamese movie industry This has resulted in the rising need of Vietnamese movie translation generally and Vietnamese movie title translation particularly There are a number of factors that contribute to the success of a movie such as the plot, the cast, film promoting strategies, and so on, one of which is the movie title According to Wallyadmin (2013), “the title you pick can set the tone for your screenplay and give people a reason to see (or avoid) it” () In other words, a title not only plays a preponderant role in conveying the contents of a movie to the audience but also helps to create a strong impression on viewers, hence making them remember that movie As a consequence, it is undeniable that if Vietnamese films aim to catch the attention of the outside world, a good title along with its precise translation is a must Understanding the titles is the very first step that foreign audiences need to take before watching Vietnamese movies and the foremost element for them to decide whether to watch the movies or not The translation version of Vietnamese movie titles has a significant impact on the viewers’ interest and promotes the values of the movies (both artistic and commercial ones) Hence, the translated titles have to be both correctly equivalent to the Vietnamese ones and appropriate as well as thorough enough to express the contents of the movies Moreover, the translated titles also need to be thoughtprovoking and impressive enough to trigger audience’s interest in the movies In other words, translated versions of Vietnamese movie titles, just like other types of translation, need to abide by the core principles of translation First, the Englishtranslated title has to be appropriately faithful to its original title in Vietnamese Second, it is important to convey the accurate content of the original Vietnamese film name through the English translated one, which helps the audience to conjecture the plot of the movie Last but not least, it is vital for the name of a Vietnamese movie to be translated naturally in English Owing to its significance, translation of Vietnamese movie titles needs great attention from translation scholars In other countries such as China, movie title translation has obtained a great deal of academic attention, and plenty of research has been done regarding this aspect of translation Nevertheless, in Vietnam, there have been few academic studies into this translation field Based on my searching, even though the number of studies is limited, translating English or foreign movie titles into Vietnamese has been academically studied by those like Dung (2010) and Ngan (2013) Nonetheless, translating the names of Vietnamese movies into foreign languages has not received adequate attention despite its importance in bringing Vietnamese movies to the world community For all the reasons above, the author of the paper was inspired to conduct a research entitled “Procedures used in translating Vietnamese movie titles into English” with a view to studying how translators deal with this aspect of translation 1.2 Research objectives and research questions As emphasized through the title of the research paper, the sole aim was to find out the most commonly applied procedures or strategies to translate Vietnamese-to-English movie titles The author hoped to help the readers in general and students majoring Translation and Interpreting in particular in developing an overview as well as an insightful understanding of this field of translation This would assist the translation students in learning from the Englishtranslated version of Vietnamese movie titles The objectives of a research project were to address the research problem and answer the research question: - What are the procedures which translators usually use when they translate Vietnamese movie titles into English? 1.3 Significance of the study As mentioned above, the Vietnamese-English movie title translation did not attain enough academic research Therefore, the thesis paper was of great significance to the study of this translation aspect, clarifying certain procedures applied by translators when Vietnamese movie titles were translated It would be fairly helpful for either people whose job is to translate movie titles or students majoring in Translation For those whose task is to translate movie titles, this thesis would assist them in understanding thoroughly the theory of translation procedures and how 10 - Literal translation (Mù => Blind) - Modulation (Hiệp sĩ => Fury: The main character, blind girl, was irritated because of her eyes being stolen by a mafia member and thus wanted to protect goodness and revenge The content of the movie produced an image of a blind knight with fury Changing “knight (hiệp sĩ)” into “fury” means changing the translator’s view 33 Nhà Có Nàng Five Tiên Fairies nàng tiên Modulation In The House nhà “Nhà có nàng tiên” if translated literally, it would be “The house which has five fairies”, emphasizes which “the house” Nevertheless, the translator changed the structure of grammar the target language, making emphasis on the “five fairies” which are the primary content as well as the main characters 47 of the movie 34 Mỹ Nhân Kế Lady Mỹ nhân kế The Literal translation Assassin Comparable to the previous part, findings of this part abode by “one procedure-one title” principle first and then widened analysis to Couplets, which constitutes of to adopted procedures in the translation process of movie titles Table 5: Frequency of translation procedures used in Vietnamese-English translation of movies with non-proper noun titles Applied procedures Frequency Percentage Transference 0 Modulation 21 Cultural equivalent 0 Couplets 27 Expansion and 0 Reduction Literal translation 11 32 Descriptive equivalent 0 Functional equivalent 0 Naturalization 0 Through translation 0 Transposition TOTAL (titles) 34 100 Table provided figures for various translation procedures utilized in the translation of Vietnamese movie titles without proper nouns into English It is evident that the most frequently employed procedure was Literal translation, taking up 32% Subsequently, Couplets was the second dominant procedure with out of 35 titles using it This was followed by Modulation with one fifth titles applying this procedure Among the adopted procedures, the least applicable one 48 was Transference (3%) With regard to non-proper noun titles, there were procedures that were not utilized in the translation process, which were Cultural equivalent, Expansion and Reduction, Descriptive equivalent, Functional equivalent, Naturalization, Through translation The figures in table Table are better visualized in the bar graph beneath Percentage of usage frequency of translation procedure 35 30 Percentage 25 20 15 10 Translation Procedures Percentage of usage frequency of translation procedure Figure Frequency of translation procedures used in Vietnamese-English translation of movies with non-proper noun titles With the similar purpose of extending the analysis to the previous part, the pattern of investigation steps was repeated In other words, the researcher 49 implemented further study on the procedures used in Couplets when movie titles without proper nouns were translated Table 6: Frequency of translation procedures used in Vietnamese-English translation of non-proper noun title in the Couplets procedure Applied procedures Frequency Transference Modulation Cultural equivalent Expansion or Reduction Note Reduction: Expansion: Literal translation Descriptive equivalent Functional equivalent Naturalization Through translation Transposition TOTAL (titles) It can be seen from the table that among nine titles utilizing Couplets, eight of them combined Literal translation and another procedure This means that Literal translation was the most preferable procedure to be adopted in correlation with other procedures to produce an English translated version of a Vietnamese movie title The second most applicable procedure was Expansion or Reduction with titles for the former and titles for the latter Modulation and Transposition shared the same pattern, with out of titles using each procedure The most noticeable result from the analysis of Vietnamese - English movie titles translation was that no procedures from Newmark’s framework were found 50 in seven translated movie titles This finding is summarized in this following table for further illustration and analysis Table 7: Translated movie titles not abiding by Newmark’s translation procedures No Original title English translated Back translation title Em Chưa 18 Mồi câu/ Người nhỏ tuổi Jailbait thuận theo ý muốn tình dục người lớn Em Là Bà Nội Của Sweet 20 Tuổi 20 ngào Anh Tháng Năm Rực Rỡ Go-go sisters Tiến lên chị em Đoạt Hồn Hollow Trống rỗng/ Người vơ hình Chàng Trai Năm Ấy Dandelion Cây bồ công anh Lạc Giới Paradise In Heart Thiên đường trái tim The researcher could not discover any of Newmark’s translation procedures from the translated movie titles above After a thorough investigation, the researcher found that the English versions of these movie titles were completely new and thus independent from the linguistic hindrances of the original ones To put it another way, the authors of these translations provided new titles for the movies that were not rendered linguistically The translated titles of the six movies were not bound to linguistic obstacles but still managed to convey the message of the Vietnamese titles and the content of the movies 4.2.3 Summary Via the data analysis and the demonstration from tables and graphs, the answer to the research question was discernibly unveiled The research question 51 was “What are the procedures which translators usually use when they translate Vietnamese movie titles into English?” The question concerns which translation procedures in rendering Vietnamese movie titles into English were adopted shown via their frequency of use As the data analysis followed two principles, one procedure-one title and more than one procedure-one title, two possible answers were drawn after combining proper noun movie titles and non-proper ones First and foremost, when one single procedure was employed to translate one particular movie title regardless of proper nouns, there were procedures out of 11 procedures applied These consist of Transference, Modulation, Cultural equivalent, Literal Translation, Transposition, Couplets Second, if further study was conducted on the Couplets procedure in which more than one procedure was utilized to translate a movie title, procedures used were Transference, Expansion and Reduction, Literal Translation, Modulation, Transposition Of equal importance, data from charts and tables above also revealed the most dominant and the least dominant translation procedure that were applied during the translation process of Vietnamese movie titles into English First, as regards one procedure per title principle, the most applicable procedures were Transference for those with proper nouns and Literal Translation for those without proper nouns Transference was used in translation of out of 10 titles containing proper nouns (37%) whilst Literal Translation was applied in 11 out of 35 titles having no proper nouns The least commonly used translation procedure for proper noun movie titles was Cultural Equivalent (10%), and that for non-proper noun titles was Transposition (only 3%) Surprisingly, turning to further investigation into Couplets procedure, the most preferable procedures for movie titles with proper nouns and those without proper nouns remained the same: Transference for the former and Literal Translation for the latter Meanwhile, the least frequently used procedure with 52 proper noun movie tiles was Expansion and Reduction With regard to non-proper noun movie titles, the least common procedures used in combination of others were Modulation and Transposition 4.2 Discussion As mentioned above, when translating Vietnamese movie titles with proper nouns into English, translators frequently applied Transference regardless of being used singly or in combination with other procedures In the meantime, for those without proper nouns, the translators commonly employed Literal Translation both singly and with other procedures Among 11 Vietnamese movie titles containing proper nouns in the research, Transference was detected in English translated versions It is apparent that proper nouns are ubiquitous in titles of Vietnamese films When it comes to proper nouns in any circumstance, it is commonplace that translators transform these words directly into the target language, in this case English, with no translation This is due to the fact that proper nouns in generally and Vietnamese proper nouns in particular not own any equivalence in English Besides, these proper nouns in the chosen movie titles were all names of either famous people or renowned destination, which are specific uses of transference suggested by Newmark (1988) Hence, it is rational that proper nouns in Vietnamese movie titles be remained intact in lieu of being rendered into English For instance, the movie “Trạng Quỳnh” was taken directly into English title “Trang Quynh” Considering the standards in the translation of movie titles, it is obvious that the transference-used translated titles meet out of principles Not only are these titles faithful to the context and culturally aware but they can also convey the movie genre Nevertheless, Transference seems to be ineffectual to make the translated titles understood by foreign audience For example, “Cô Ba Sài Gòn” would be translated as “Co Ba Sai Gon”, which is rather difficult for foreigners to comprehend not only the meaning of the title itself but also the contents of the 53 movie as this person is not internationally well-known However, when the translator used Cultural Equivalent and changed it into “The Tailor”, foreign audience can more or less guess the main character and plot of the movie Literal Translation was popular with both proper noun titles and non-proper noun titles either translated singly or collaboratively As mentioned in the chapter Literature Review, Literal Translation can be considered “correct and must not be avoided if it secures referential and pragmatic equivalence to the original” (Newmark, 1988, p.69) Since most of the chosen titles include simple nouns and noun phrases, it is conspicuous that Literal Translation is the most effective and simplest procedure to be applied to translate movie titles from Vietnamese into English As translated literally, these English-version titles remained faithful to the original title and fulfilled the movie genre as well as cultural awareness without sounding unnatural and impractical If Vietnamese titles can be translated literally without affecting adversely the perception of international audience and the title function, translators are under no obligation to sacrifice the linguistic nuances of the original titles and adopt other procedures The utilization of Literal Translation in translating Vietnamese movie titles into English can guarantee the four principles of move title translation: Faithfulness to the context, Consideration of movie genres, Cultural awareness, Combination of commercial and aesthetic effects Apart from Transference and Literal Translation, the researcher discovered that Modulation was also utilized frequently It is inevitable that several movie titles in Vietnamese when being translated literally can probably depreciate the aesthetic value of the original titles Accordingly, it is of crucial importance for translators to change his viewpoint and render the titles naturally Take “Quả tim máu” as a significant example of this Translated literally, the title would be “Bloody Heart”, which triggers the image of a heart with blood in audience mind “Bloody Heart”, in addition, cannot fully get the message of the movie through to 54 the audience about the revenge of a girl whose heart was taken away from her The English version of this, “Vengeful Heart”, on the contrary, managed to transmit explicitly the main content of the film to audience Nonetheless, this procedure requires translators to scrutinize elaborately the original titles along with the content of the movie in order to produce a justified translation It is discernible from the Findings part that some translated titles did not apply any procedures from Newmark’s classification What is more is that the translators offered a new title for these movies in lieu of translating the original titles into English based on Newmark’s translation procedures The researcher reckoned that this could be considered as a technique for movie titles translation for these following reasons First, there are several movie titles that cannot be translated feasibly into English If translated into English using the aforementioned procedures from Newmark’s framework, the English titles will sound unnatural to international audience Moreover, a movie title needs to be appealing to audience in the region where it is released; or in other words, the translation process should be audience-oriented with the aim of maintaining commercial and aesthetic values More importantly, because the movie industry is a form of art, film translation in general and movie title translation in particular are more or less regarded as a work of creativity As a result, translators should have freedom to create a new title if they assume it is of necessity Regarding the first movie of the list, Em Chưa 18 (Jaibait), the content is about a love relationship between a 17-year-old girl and a mature man above 30 years old Although the name of the movie was not translated closely compared to the original title, “Jailbait” itself shows that the movie would talk about a relationship between a youngster and an adult Another illustration is “Em Là Bà Nội Của Anh”, which is about a 70-year-old woman who magically transforms into her 20-year-old self and leads a life of a young girl The English title of this film, Sweet 20, is 55 disparate from its Vietnamese title; however, audience can still imagine that the movie would depict a beautiful youth of a 20-year-old girl 56 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION In this chapter, a summary of all main sections included in the research is provided In addition, the chapter also points out limitations as well as some suggestions for future studies to surmount the shortcomings 5.1 Summary The main focus of this paper was translation procedures applied in movie titles translation from Vietnamese to English The research provided a literature review constituting of numerous terms and theories relevant to translation in general and movie title translation in specific, as well as functions and characteristics of movie titles There was only one research question for this thesis paper to find out the answer: “What are the procedures which translators usually use when they translate Vietnamese movie titles into English?” A list of 45 Vietnamese movie titles and their English counterparts were extracted from online databases, which were then carefully and thoroughly examined for a well-rounded analysis of applied translation strategies in these movie titles The findings highlighted several translation procedures used in Englishversion titles, namely Transference, Modulation, Cultural equivalent, Literal Translation, Transposition, Couplets, Expansion and Reduction The most prominent techniques were Transference and Literal Translation Besides, Modulation was also considered an applicable strategy to translate movie titles into English Similarly important, when no procedures from Newmark’s framework work for a Vietnamese movie title to be rendered, translators resorted to providing a new title in English for the movie 5.2 Limitations and suggestions Owing to the modest findings of this study, the researcher would like to mention some limitations that need to be improved in future research 57 First, the sampling size of the research contained 45 Vietnamese titles and their 45 English translated versions The researcher admitted that the sampling strategy could not be representative; thus, the results may not be holistically generalized This problem can more or less be addressed by including more movie titles (from 100 and above) Another shortcoming of this study is the framework of translation procedures, which was Newmark’s Based on the findings, there were several translated versions that did not utilize any procedure from the selected framework of theory Therefore, it was such a challenge for the researcher to identify which procedure was applied in those titles and their translation The researcher could not find any other verified and widely accepted frameworks for this field of translation One more detectable limitation of this research is that the translation of Vietnamese movie titles was not brought into assessment by experts and only evaluated on the researcher’s personal perspective Consequently, the translated titles of Vietnamese movies after this research could not be enhanced or upgraded to produce a better version Nevertheless, it is advisable that future researchers of this topic should pay attention to the assessment of Vietnamese to English translation of movie titles Moreover, following research should be based on a certified standard or benchmark to analyze data gathered from questionnaires from translation experts to find answers for assessment of translated versions Prior to this paper, the researcher has not explored any similar research on Vietnamese-English translation of movie titles As a consequence, this may be a preliminary study The researcher hopes that this paper can encourage more extensive and comprehensive study into movie title translation generally and Vietnamese to English movie title translation particularly Of equal importance, as there are few investigations into translation of different aspects of Vietnamese 58 movies into English and other languages, the study hopes to set a fertile ground for future scrutiny and analysis 59 REFERENCES Bai, Zhihong (2018) On Translation Strategies of English Movie Titles Journal of Language Teaching and Research 119 10.17507/jltr.0901.15 Barnwell, K G L (1986) Bible Translation: An Introductory Course in Translation Principles Dallas, Texas: Summer Institute of Linguistics Bell, R T (1991) Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice New York: Longman Group UK Limited Duong, T T T (2006) The translation of English movie titles into Vietnamese (Master thesis, Hanoi University, 2006) Ghadi, S A (Jan, 24, 2010) All new theories and concepts about translation in new century Hartman, R R K., & Stork, F C (1972) Dictionary of language and linguistics Amsterdam: Applied Science Harutyunyan, S (2005) Cinema as a Means of Cross-Cultural dialogue Retrieved November, 2020, from http://www.kulturparlament.com/sessions/2004genoa/cinema-as-a-means-of-cross-cultural-dialogue/ Hatim B & Munday J (2004) Translation: An advanced resource book New York, NY: Routledge Jes_aika22 (2012, May 01) Movies that contain place names Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://www.imdb.com/list/ls004665626/ Kolstrup, S (1996) The Film Title and Its Historical Ancestors, P.O.V McArthur, T (1999) The Oxford Companion to the English Language Available from http://www.scribd.com/doc/81683832/The-Oxford-Companion-tothe-English-Language-Sep-1992 Access September 11st 2012 Newmark, P (1981) Approaches to translation (Vol 64, p 65) Cambridge University Press, London: Prentice Hall International Newmark, P (1988) A textbook of translation (Vol 66) New York: Prentice Hall Nguyen, C (2020) Methods And Procedures For Translating Business English 60 Into Vietnamese.) Nguyen, T D T., & Vuong, T T N (2019) Translation Theory Course Book for students majoring in English Linguistics Nimia, B (2020, December 01) Top 20 phim chiếu rạp Việt Nam hay ⋆ Topreview.vn - Review đánh giá #TOP Việt Nam Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://topreview.vn/giai-tri-nghe-thuat/phim-anh/top-phim chieu-rap-viet-nam-hay-nhat-2019/ Qi, L (n.d.) A Study of English Film Title Translation —From the Perspective of Adaptation Theory Journal of Literature and Art Studies, 6, 923-928 Retrieved December 8, 2020, from http://www.davidpublisher.org /Public/uploads/Contribute/5767b32030f89.pdf Shakespeare, W (2020) Romeo and Juliet New York, NY: Sparknotes Shakespeare, W (2016) Romeo Juliet (1112843706 840993067 B T Dang, Trans.).Ha Noi, Vietnam: Publishing House of Writers Association Shi, Xuedong (2014) The English Film Title Translation Strategies Journal of Language Teaching and Research 10.4304/jltr.5.3.606-610 Shuttleworth, M., & Cowie, M (2017) Dictionary of translation studies London: Routledge Smith, G.J (1981) The grammar of movie titles American Speech 56(2) 158159 Zaky, Magdy M (2000) Translation and meaning Translator Journal Volume Wallyadmin (2013, June 04) The Importance of Titles Retrieved November, from http://15minutemoviemethod.com/the-importance-of-titles Wang, T (2007) Translation skills and principles of English movie titles (Bachelor thesis) 61 ... produce insightful understanding of translation procedures used in translating Vietnamese movie titles into English 31 Since the target subjects of the study were a number of Vietnamese movies and movie. .. which procedures had been applied in translating Vietnamese movie titles into English with a qualitative approach The number of movies chosen was 45 with both Vietnamese titles and their English. .. translate Vietnamese movie titles with proper nouns into English and was used in all four titles employing Couplets Literal translation came next with out of titles using Couplets containing this