a study of translation of stylistic devices in “thời xa vắng” by lê lựu into english i

THE UNIVERSITY OF DANANG UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES TRẦN THỊ KIỀU PHƯƠNG A STUDY OF TRANSLATION OF STYLISTIC DEVICES IN “THỜI XA VẮNG” BY LÊ LỰU INTO ENGLISH IN “A TIME FAR PAST” Major: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS Code: 822.02.01 MASTER THESIS IN LINGUISTICS AND CULTURAL STUDIES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES Da Nang, 2020 THE UNIVERSITY OF DANANG UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES TRẦN THỊ KIỀU PHƯƠNG A STUDY OF TRANSLATION OF STYLISTIC DEVICES IN “THỜI XA VẮNG” BY LÊ LỰU INTO ENGLISH IN “A TIME FAR PAST” Major: ENGLISH LINGUISTICS Code: 822 02 01 MASTER THESIS IN LINGUISTICS AND CULTURAL STUDIES OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES SUPERVISOR: LÊ TẤN THI, Ph.D Da Nang, 2020 ii ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the translation procedures of the stylistic devices (SDs) from Vietnamese into English Specifically, this thesis was carried out to investigate the commonly used SDs, i.e antithesis, simile and metaphor in “Thời xa vắng” by Lê Lựu and their English translational equivalents in “A Time Far Past” 218 samples related to these SDs in Vietnamese and their English equivalents were collected from these books to support the investigation Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied in order to help the researcher achieve the aims and objectives proposed Furthermore, after studying the findings of the thesis, it was discovered that many different procedures of translating suggested by Peter Newmark were used to translate these SDs from Vietnamese into English Finally, I hope that the results of the study could provide teachers and learners of English as well as Vietnamese with a better understanding of translation procedures from Vietnamese into English in terms of SDs, and giving some suggestions for further research and implications for language teaching and learning as well iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Statement of Authorship i Abstract ii Table of Contents iii List of Abbreviations and Symbols vi List of Tables vii List of Charts viii Chapter One INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1.2.1 Aims 1.2.2 Objectives 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY .4 Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.2.1 Stylistic devices 2.2.1.1 Definition of stylistic devices .7 2.2.1.2 Function of stylistic devices 2.2.1.3 Classification of stylistic devices 2.2.1.4 Stylistic devices 2.2.2 Theory of translation 18 2.2.2.1 Definitions of translation 18 2.2.2.3 Literary translation 19 2.2.2.4 Translation methods 20 iv 2.2.2.5 Translation procedures 22 2.2.3 Overview of “Thời xa vắng” 26 2.2.3.1 Lê Lựu – The author 26 2.2.3.2 “Thời xa vắng” – The original version .26 2.2.3.3 “A Time Far Past” - The English version 26 2.2.3.4 The Content of “Thời xa vắng” 27 Chapter Three RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 28 3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 28 3.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 28 3.2.1 Sampling 28 3.2.2 Data collection 28 3.2.3 Data analysis .28 3.3 RESEARCH PROCEDURES 29 3.4 RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY 29 Chapter Four FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 31 4.1 ANTITHESIS IN “THỜI XA VẮNG” 31 4.1.1 Antithesis 31 4.1.2 Translation procedures of antithesis 34 4.1.3 Frequency of procedures for translating antithesis 48 4.1.4 Summary 49 4.2 SIMILE IN “THỜI XA VẮNG” 51 4.2.1 Simile 51 4.2.2 Translation procedures of simile 54 4.2.3 Frequency of procedures for translating simile 66 4.2.4 Summary 67 4.3 METAPHOR IN “THỜI XA VẮNG” .68 4.3.1 Metaphor 68 4.3.2 Translation procedures of metaphor 70 4.3.3 Frequency of procedures for translating metaphor 76 v 4.3.4 Summary 78 Chapter Five CONCLUSION 79 5.1 CONCLUSION .79 5.2 IMPLICATION OF THE STUDY 81 5.2.1 Implications for language teaching and learning .81 5.2.2 Implications for translating 82 5.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 83 5.4 SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH .83 REFERENCES 84 QUYẾT ĐỊNH GIAO ĐỀ TÀI 87 APPENDIX 88 vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS SYMBOLS Ø Omission % Percentage ABBREVIATIONS SDs Stylistic devices SD Stylistic device SL Source language TL Target language vii LIST OF TABLES Number of Name of Tables Tables 4.1 4.2 4.3 The occurrence frequencies of the antithesis’ s translation procedures The occurrence frequencies of the simile’ s translation procedures The occurrence frequencies of the metaphor’ s translation procedures Page 48 66 77 viii LIST OF CHARTS Number of Charts Name of Charts Page 4.1 The occurrence percentage of the antithesis’ s translation procedures 48 4.2 The occurrence percentage of the simile’ s translation procedures 67 4.3 The occurrence percentage of the metaphor’ s translation procedures 78 97 (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) Metaphor (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) Simile English translational version Antithesis Vietnamese version [Lê Lựu, p.113] 41 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No TRANSLATION PROCEDURE [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.160] Đáp lại vẻ hào hứng trịnh trọng cô chán With great enthusiasm, she asked, "Chau, have you chường Châu heard?" Chau looked at Nghia blankly She looked weary [Lê Lựu, p.132] + Couplet + Paraphrase + Literal + Couplet and embittered [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.191] 42 Cả đoạn đường mười số, Sài On his way to school and on his way home a round học bước trip of about ten kilometers he studied [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.25] 43 44 [Lê Lựu, p.20] Già hay trẻ, lầm lì hay ngang ngược anh làm Old or young, taciturn or hot-headed, Sai could thân always forge a friendship [Lê Lựu, p.128] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.184] Ban ngày, chỗ công chứng người giả sống He tried to gather his strength, to build his stamina cho vừa lịng người: u vợ Ban đêm có so that the work he did during the day would be người thật: khơng thể chung praised and admired Only at night when alone did sống với người ghét bỏ từ đầu đến chân he live as the true Sai More and more he found he could not get along with the young girl who had 98 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) Metaphor (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) Simile English translational version Antithesis Vietnamese version TRANSLATION PROCEDURE been made his wife [Lê Lựu, p.17] 45 [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.20] Hãy chết sau phút uống nước thoả He would quench it whatever the consequences, he thuê cịn để sống trăm năm would rather die tonight than drink for a hundred mà đêm lửa khát đốt người more years + thành than Couplet [Lê Lựu, p.68] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.95] 46 … nằm cong sâu đo nằm )… curled up like a worm… nghiêng… [Lê Lựu, p.3] 47 + Reduction + Literal + Couplet [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.22] Với tình yêu, kẻ biết dối trá thục In love, those who embellish the truth often attract lôi cúôn người gái nhiều women much more than those who simply speak 48 ngừơi biết biểu lòng thành thật the truth [Lê Lựu, p.135] [Ngơ Vinh Hải et al, p.195] Nửa phía đặt hòm vừa va ly chạn đựng bát At the far end, he had set a trunk the size of a suitcase and a cupboard 99 (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) Metaphor (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) Simile English translational version Antithesis Vietnamese version [Lê Lựu, p.142] 49 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No TRANSLATION PROCEDURE [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.206] Những ngày sống bên chị ta bơi hạnh In the days I lived with her, it was as if I were phúc giống bơi cánh đồng nước lụt swimming in a sea of happiness, just like the times I làng tơi, mênh mơng khơng bờ, was swimming in the flooded fields of my village khơng biết đến đâu kiệt sức chết The sea was so immense that no one could tell đuối vào lúc + Couplet + Reduction + Reduction + Transposition where it ended, and I could never tell where or when I would become exhausted and drown myself [Lê Lựu, p.111] 50 [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.156] Nhưng Sài không muốn biét  xếp hấp dẫn anh ngang với sắc đẹp Hương [Lê Lựu, p.20] 51 Có lẽ nước không đâu cực nhọc làng No place is as miserable as my own village [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.28] [Lê Lựu, p 23] 52 Hương mừng rỡ bao nhiêu, Sài lặng The more relieved Huong felt, the more silent Sai nhiêu became 100 (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) [Lê Lựu, p.144] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.193] Anh cịn nóng ruột gấp mười lần em I am ten times more anxious than you are [Lê Lựu, p.133] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.191] Metaphor English translational version Simile 54 Vietnamese version Antithesis 53 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No TRANSLATION PROCEDURE + Literal + Transposition Hai bàn tay Thêm vươn bấu lấy bi đông, He held the canteen tightly to his mouth as if he giữ chặt miệng vào miệng thể sợ were afraid Sai would snatch it away Sài giằng 55 [Lê Lựu, p.67] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p 115] Những nỗi nghẹn ngào anh lời thề His words were like an oath [Lê Lựu, p 106] Literal [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.149] 56 Đêm đêm anh thức từ ba sáng lấy phân đem Waking up at three o'clock every morning to carry ngâm có vất vả vác vồ chạy vào chợ manure and soak it in water was no more difficult Bái for him than carrying his pole and running out to the Bai market + Literal + Literal [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.60] [Lê Lựu, p 44] 57 Cô trở giường cảm thấy kiêu hãnh vị She came back to the bedroom, feeling as proud as anh hùng đã làm nên chiến công lớn lao: Đẻ a hero who had achieved a great victory, having 101 (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) cho nhân loại cậu ba cân hai given the world a baby boy weighing 3.2 kilos [Lê Lựu, p.104] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.146] Metaphor English translational version Simile Vietnamese version Antithesis 58 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No TRANSLATION PROCEDURE Đến nửa đêm đê quai vỡ chỗ đa Past midnight, the branch dike broke at a place cách đầu làng đến dăm số mà nghe tiếng nước several kilometers up from the far end of the ầm ầm rung chuyển bom village There, water roared and shook as if there + Paraphrase + Paraphrase + Reduction + Reduction had been bombs dropping [Lê Lựu, p.18] 59 [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.21] Không hiểu sáu bẩy năm từ mười Like everyone else, her mother didn't understand lăm tuổi khơng biết đã có người đủ why Huong had spent her youth rejecting advances loại "xô" vào Hương bị bật mà cô lại lao from boys and then thrown herself at Sai like a 60 đầu vào Sài thiêu thân moth heading for fire [Lê Lựu, p.41] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.55] Sài khiến chị thương lo toan cho Sài She cared for Sai, the way a wife cares for her người vợ lo cho chồng husband [Lê Lựu, p.86] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.82] 61 …ngồi vào tràng kỉ âm thầm bóng He quietly slipped inside and sat down on the ma divan [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, 102 (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) Metaphor (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) Simile English translational version Antithesis Vietnamese version [Lê Lựu, p.4] 62 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No TRANSLATION PROCEDURE p.5] Nhưng Sài không muốn biét  xếp hấp dẫn anh ngang với sắc đẹp Hương + Reduction + Expansion + Expansion + Transposition [Lê Lựu, p.20] 63 Chiếc tràng kỷ lạnh tốt có vừa dội nước The divan was as cold as if someone had poured freezing water on it [Lê Lựu, p 2] 64 [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.2] Cịn Sài cần nhìn thấy Hương lần trước But Sai insisted, saying that to see Huong just once rời khỏi miền Bắc đã thấy tất thành more before leaving the North would be like seeing thị, ruộng đồng làng xóm, bãi bồi ngập lụt his youth: like seeing all the cities and towns, rice làng Bái Ninh giàu có fields and villages, the flooding fields, the prosperous Bai Ninh village again [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p 85] [Lê Lựu, p 60] 65 Về đến nhà, cô gục xuống giường mà khóc When she arrived home, she sank down on her bed khóc vừa chơn lấp xong người ruột thịt and sobbed like a woman who had just returned trở from burying the dead 103 (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) TRANSLATION PROCEDURE [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.46] Được lên trung đoàn so với đại đội đã thấy Sai was as if in heaven with this new situation He sướng tiên, anh có nhiều thời gian để học had time for studying [Lê Lựu, p.36] 67 Metaphor (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) Simile English translational version Antithesis Vietnamese version [Lê Lựu, p.40] 66 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No + Synonymy + Synonymy + Cultural + Couplet + Couplet [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.46] Mái tóc mềm mại cắt thấp ngắn đủ độ His head of soft hair, cut close, but still long dài để cụp xuống trông đã lấm rắc enough to curl slightly, was dotted with white, as if 68 phấn đầu sprinkled with powder [Lê Lựu, p.75] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.104] Thế mà anh Tính lại kêu em lành bụt And yet Tinh said his brother was as gentle as a [Lê Lựu, p.82] Buddha [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.115] 69 Khi đến chân đê không bảo dấn lên ào lốc lên để tranh chiếm chỗ ngồi [Lê Lựu, p.10] When they arrived at the dike, they rushed ahead, stampeding fiercely to get seats at the top of the dike [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.11] 70 Cô nhìn lên ảnh hồi cịn trẻ cụ bắt She looked up at the old man's portrait In the gặp Sài mười lăm, hai mươi năm sau silence of the deserted house, she recognized Sai in 104 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) the portrait of the scholar in his Metaphor (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) Simile English translational version Antithesis Vietnamese version TRANSLATION PROCEDURE youth [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.98] [Lê Lựu, p.71] 71 Bằng cách thằng Sài nghe thấy tất lời lẽ Somehow Sai heard of those words and he took có cịn nghiêm trọng uất hận ông them to be even more severe than his father's anger đồ [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.3] + Literal + Reduction + Transpositon + Reduction [Lê Lựu, p.3] 72 Anh lững thững nhà, ngồi vào tràng kỉ Once there, he quietly slipped inside and sat down âm thầm bóng ma on the divan [Lê Lựu, p.4] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.4] 73 74 Nhà cửa mù mịt lạnh lẽo nghĩa địa mà để I just can't believe that you'd let the house look like được, lạ thật this as cold and as dark as a graveyard! [Lê Lựu, p.4] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.4] Thầy hỏi nhà hỏi vách ăn thua  [Lê Lựu, p.6] 75 Chỉ việc không thành đã coi ông  sống thừa, sống vô vị xác chết Reduction 105 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) Metaphor (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) Simile English translational version Antithesis Vietnamese version TRANSLATION PROCEDURE [Lê Lựu, p.8] 76 Tính cịn lo ông Tinh was even more worried than his father [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.9] + Literal + Couplet + Reduction + Couplet [Lê Lựu, p.8] 77 Làng kéo Lúc đầu cịn gọi í As always, the whole village was out At the ới, hỏi han sau gần đến nơi beginning of their walk, they called out, inquiring im lặng bóng lầm lũi chuyển động after each other But as they drew nearer to their destination they grew more and more quiet, until at last it was as if they were shadows walking to work [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.11] [Lê Lựu, p.10] 78 Cả hàng dăm bẩy trăm người chạy ba số, When they arrived at the dike, they rushed ahead, đến chân đê không bảo dấn lên ào stampeding fiercely to get seats at the top of the lốc lên để tranh chiếm chỗ ngồi dike [Lê Lựu, p.10] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.11] 79 Thoạt đầu nhiên trăm người xơ dậy sóng đùn đẩy chen chúc, chửi bới, la hét để dấn lên, lao xấn tới đường lên Someone would see somebody, and hundreds of people would suddenly stand in rising waves They 106 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) dốc Metaphor (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) Simile English translational version Antithesis Vietnamese version TRANSLATION PROCEDURE jostled, pushed, scolded and shouted at each other in one great effort to spring forward toward the pathway that led up the hill and toward the market [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.11] [Lê Lựu, p.10] 80 Khi biết khơng chờ vào nữa, tiếng ca thán; When it was clear there was nothing to wait for, the lời trách móc lên, lúc đầu cịn rì rầm ngồi complaints, the reproaches began At first there chỗ tối, sau lan vào đến đình, ồn họp were whispers in the dark areas outside the chợ communal house, then they spread inside and + Couplet + Couplet became louder [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.14] [Lê Lựu, p.13] 81 Nước đã tràn ạt gió, chốc lát Water was pouring on as quickly as the wind that cánhh đồng lởm chởm mấp mô đã trắng băng blew at it In no time at all, the entire uneven surrounding was covered by water as flat as a sheet of ice [Lê Lựu, p.18] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.22] 107 (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) Metaphor English translational version Simile Vietnamese version Antithesis 82 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No TRANSLATION PROCEDURE Những rặng tre lơ lửng vơ số túi bọt bong bóng The bamboo trees in mid-air, and toads and ễnh ương, kiến kéo vón thành ants clustered together to form long red borders on ngấn dài đỏ ối đường ranh giới tre their tops [Lê Lựu, p.18] + Couplet + Paraphrase + Paraphrase [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.22] 83 Đêm đêm anh thức từ ba sáng lấy phân đem Waking up at three o'clock every morning to carry ngâm có vất vả vác vồ chạy vào chợ manure and soak it in water was no more difficult Bái for him than carrying his pole and running out to the Bai market [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.60] [Lê Lựu, p.44] 84 Cái giường tây trông sang giường khách The Western-style bed looked as elegant as beds for quan huyện ngày trước the district's official guests used to look in the old days [Lê Lựu, p.47] 85 [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.60] Đang đau chết mà hỏi quan hỏi You asked, like a judge interrogating a defendant, cung mà trả lời and I was in the middle of an excruciating pain + Couplet 108 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) Metaphor (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) Simile English translational version Antithesis Vietnamese version TRANSLATION PROCEDURE How could anyone respond in a situation like that? [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.127] [Lê Lựu, p.90] 86 87 88 Căn phòng bếp “tân trang” lại đâu vào In a while the room and kitchen were thoroughly "redeco-rated” [Lê Lựu, p.124] [Ngơ Vinh Hải et al, p.178] Đằng lỡ làng You've stumbled once already [Lê Lựu, p 81] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.135] + Literal [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.2 + [Lê Lựu, p 81] Paraphrase [Ngô Vinh Hải e Cũng lần “va chạm”, không cô As with the other squabbles, Chau was not the one người phải “xuống thế” làm lành nên “chiến to humble herself by making the first move toward tranh lạnh” lại xảy hàng trăm lần trước reconciliation Thus, as had happened so many times before, the "cold war" was given a new lease + Couplet on life 89 [Lê Lựu, p.133] [Ngơ Vinh Hải et al, p 192] Mình “đá” anh đội rồi, yêu “tiến sĩ” I have kicked the soldier out, now I only love the [Lê Lựu, p.62] Ph.D [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.90] [Ngô Vinh Hả + Literal 109 (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) Metaphor English translational version Simile Vietnamese version Antithesis 90 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No TRANSLATION PROCEDURE Sài có biết em chết giờ, phút Sài Does Sai know that I'm dying every hour, every không? minute because of him? [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.72] + Literal + Paraphrase + Paraphrase + Reduction + Reduction [Lê Lựu, p.52] 91 92 Con tơi ốm chín phần chết không phần sống, My son was close to the grave, but they didn't come nhà có thèm lai vãng đến đây? around to see how he was [Lê Lựu, p.7] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.8] Dù có phải "về vườn" mà cày ruộng đời Even if you were discharged from your posts and anh có phai mờ hình ảnh lão had to return home to work on the rice field, would uỷ điên đầu thơ bạo kẻ bất nhân the image of that crazy, inhuman Officer ever fade? không? [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.43] [Lê Lựu, p.34] 93 Khi cô đứng dậy Sài vội vã mũi giầy When she finally stood up, Sai quickly moved away chạy chỗ Hiểu  from her room, and went back to where Hieu was standing [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.86] [Lê Lựu, p.61] 94 Người đàn ông nhà dù đần độn ngu si đến  110 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) Metaphor (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) Simile English translational version Antithesis Vietnamese version TRANSLATION PROCEDURE đâu cột định đoạt việc [Lê Lựu, p.6] 95 96 Đã ba mươi lăm tuổi anh chưa “cùng ai” Though thirty-five, he had never dated [Lê Lựu, p.63] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.89] + Synonymy + Synonymy + Synonymy + Couplet + Couplet (Sài) thấy đò ngang hướng mũi phía Sai saw a shuttle boat heading toward him [Ngơ Vinh Hải et al, p.24] [Lê Lựu, p.19] 97 Nó với ơng hai đầu đầy vơi san In certain ways, lấp cho yên sóng gió Scholar Khang and Tinh complemented each other; this proved to be a virtue whenever there was a crisis of some kind [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.5] [Lê Lựu, p.5] 98 Hay xúc đất mà ăn với Should people shovel the soil and eat it, instead of rice? [Lê Lựu, p.12] 99 [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.14] Trong khoảng thời gian gần đồng hồ An hour passed uncomfortably between Sai and "chết", đã ba lần Sài mời Hương ăn khoai uống Huong Three times Sai offered Huong sweet nước potatoes and water 111 (Samples in“Thời xa vắng”) (Samples in “A Time Far Past”) [Lê Lựu, p.21] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.25] Cái nơi ăn trắng mặc trơn gái đẹp … It was the place where people ate white rice and Metaphor English translational version Simile Vietnamese version Antithesis 100 STYLISTIC DEVICES SAMPLES No TRANSLATION PROCEDURE wore smooth clothes, where the girls were always pretty [Lê Lựu, p.19] [Ngô Vinh Hải et al, p.24] + Expansion ... lexical equivalent - Stylistic (translational) equivalence: is functional equivalence of elements in both original and translation aiming at an expressive identifying with an invariant of identical... Investigation into Translation of Metaphor and Simile in The Tale of Kieu from Vietnamese into English? ?? Besides, the thesis with the name “An investigation into stylistic devices using in “The Life... “Th? ?i xa vắng” into English in ? ?A Time Far Past”? What are translation procedures used to translate Vietnamese simile in “Th? ?i xa vắng” into English in ? ?A Time Far Past”? What are translation procedures