Đổng thầy từ năng lực đặc biệt đến quyền lực trong bản hội đạo mẫu mai thị hạnh

NGHIEN CChj - TRAO BOI I DONG THAY: Tu nang luc dac biet den quyen luc ban hoi dao Mau M A I T H ! HANH Dan nhap Cd Thu'" trim ngim ke cho tdi nghe vd nhiing thing thing trim cua cuoc ddi Co nam 56 tudi, sinh tgi vung dat ngheo chiem trung nam ven dd sdng Hdng; Kim Dpng, Hung Yen, noi dd - biia an ddi no, khd khan chdng chit nhung nang tinh ngudi, noi dd -chinh la cai ndi cua each mang vdi dpi nir du kich Hoang Ngan ndi tieng Tuoi tho cd Idn len vdi nhung ki uc vd so tan chay giac bit dau tir 1964 de quoe MT leo thang ban pha mien Bic Sinh hoan canh dit nudc chidn tranh loan lac, lai duoe hun diic bdi truydn thdng gia dinh (Mau than da tiing tham gia dpi du kich Hoang Ngan, edn phu than cua cd la si quan cao cap Irong quan dpi luc bay gid), thang nam 1975, cd Thu len dudng nhap ngii theo tieng gpi ciia to quoe mdi 15 tudi Hoa binh lap lai, cd Thu theo hpe nghd rdi liy ehdng va sinh duoc hai trai gai song toan Chdng co Thu la ngudi cd vi tri nganh cdng an, ban than cd Thu la mpt trudng phdng kinh doanh xuit nhap khau cua mpt cdng ly true thudc Bo Ngoai thuong, "Chdu Au, Chdu A diu dd di hit thdy"''^\ Thd nhung, nam 31 tuoi, vp chong cd Thu trinh ddng md phu su ngd ngang cua rat nhieu ngudi Va gid diy, vao thdi diem noi chuyen vdi tdi, cd Thu da la mpt ddng thiy ciia ban dien Tan La Vpng lu, mpt ban dien Idn d Ha Npi vdi hang tram nhang de tu Cong vide hang eua cd dupe gpi mpt each thidng lieng -"viec dm", mpt vide cd lien quan ddn giao tiep vdi than linh dd dem lai niem vui hanh phiic cho "bdch gia trdm hg" Cd Thu gid day cam thiy rit hai long vdi edng viec phuc vu "Cua dinh thdn Tam Tuphii", ban than ed trff ddng thiy "ndi co ngudi nghe, de co nguai sg" Con dudng trd ddng thiy eua cd Thu chi la mpt rit nhidu vi du da dang ve hanh trinh trd ddng thay va nam gi& quyen luc ban hdi'^' Dao Mau hien Cac cupe phdng vin ciia tdi vdi mdt sd dong thay khae d Ha Npi, Nam Dinh, Hung Ydn va Hai Phdng cho thay nhieu ngudi so ho trudc dd vdn la mpt ngudi rat ddi binh thudng, tdi gpi la ngudi ngoai dao, vdi nhiing cong vide khdng gi lien quan den tim Iinh nhu giao vien, linh xuit ngu, nhan vien y te Song, cudc ddi hp da hoan loan sang trang mdi nhan "nhiem vu cua nhd Ngdi": trd dong thiy va cd nhang dd tii viy quanh Thay ddng Thu gid day di dau ciing ed de tii di ciing lo vide xe cd, com nude, thim chi xach tui, cam ipad, lau ghd cho thiy trudc ngdi, Nhung vi tu nhiing ngudi binh thudng, cd Thu va nhieu ngudi khac lai trd dong thay va nim giii quyen lue ldi cao ban hdi Dao Mau? Bai viet se lap trung trinh bay nguyen nhan va hanh trinh trd ddng thiy thong qua mgt tnidng hpp ey thd la thiy ddng Thu, phin lich nhiing bieu hien cu the ve quydn lire eiia ddng thay ban hpi Dao Miu Bai viet gia dinh rang, ehinh nhung nang luc dgc bidt da tao ndn mdt thii ma lye khidn ngiroi sa huu ma lue dupe ngudi khac quy phuc, irpng TAP CHI VHDG S 3/2015 vpng, cung kinh, lire la khidn ngudi sd huu ma l i ^ cd quydn luc Bai viel cung mudn di xa hon vi^c chi va giai thich ve su khac bi?t giua quydn luc cua ddng thiy ban hpi Dgo Mau va quydn luc ciia ngudi diing diu cac the che xa hpi khac Khi nao thi quyen liic eua ddng thiy bi khiing hoang? Mac dii cd nhieu nghien ciru eho ring, cae thiy ddng la nhihig ngudi md tin di doan nhung bai viet nay, tdi nhin nhan hp nhu nhiing thuc thd thi;c hanh nghi Id din gian, ton trpng va dd' cho hp ndl vd chinh cudc ddi eung nhu nidm tin ciia hp Tdi diing nhiing ldi ke, giai thich cua nhirng ngudi cung cip thdng tin (informants) nhu la mpt phuong tien trp giiip dd hieu ve ning lye dgc biet va quyen lue cua ddng thay Do vay, tdi da diing nhung ciu ndi, tu ngir ma ddng thiy va cac vidn ban hpi ke lai, ching hgn nhu: "dupe an Idc Thanh"; "bac ghd ngudi ngdi lam ngdi ngudi ngu", "ngudi di trudc rude ke di sau"; "phuc vu ciia dinh than Tam Tii phii"; "ndi cd ngudi nghe, de cd ngudi so" T r d ddng t h i y Khi tham nhip ban hpi - "dai ban doanh" ciia cac lin dd Dao Mau, cd mdt ciu dudng nhu da trd eiia mieng ciia hp, tdi thudng dupe nghe di nghe lai la "Ldm linh cd cdng ldm ddng ed phep" "Phep" a diy theo nhu hp giai thich vdi ldi la phep lie: phep lac mdi quan he giiia hp vdi va each irng xu vdi than thanh, cd ca phep tac trd Ihanh mpt ddng hay mpt ddng thiy Trong phin nay, tren eo sd nhihig mo ta dan Ipc hpe thdng qua ciu chuy?n vd cudc ddi ed Thu, bai vidt se tra ldi cho cau hdi bing each nao, thdng qua nhimg phep tie, luat le nao, mpt ngudi se trd ddng thiy? Bdng bo vd quy phuc thdn thdnh "Vao nim 1989, bo me tdi tu Id trinh dong md phu Thay md cho bd me tdi la ba dong M d tren Thai Nguyen Thdi ki dd, bd me tdi hay dm dau lidn midn, bo tdi ldc dd da nghi huu va tham gia quy RV va bj dd be cho ndn eac ban ciia me tdi cung ndi ndi vao la nen di xem xem cd van de gi khdng va the nao lai tim va gui gam ba ddng tin Thai Nguydn Sau nay, ldi didu tra mdi biet la me tdi khdng dam lam d Ha Npi vi bd me tdi ddu la can bp lao each mgng Khi tdi bidt, tdi d^ ed ldi xuc xiem ldi ba ddng dd Toi ndi ba mdt each thim le Cu xuong nha me loi ma gap ba ta la tdi lal chui thdi thi khdng cdn ngdn tii nao ma la ndi Ndi den mirc cii nhin thay tdi vao cua trude la ba ta lai lui ciu thang sau va vd ludn " (Trich Nhat ki ciia thiy ddng Thu) Rat nhieu ngudi, trudc budc ehan vao thd gidi tim linh va trao girl nidm tin tuydt ddi vao eae vi thin Dgo Miu da lung bang bd than thanh, che gieu nhdng ngudi thuc hanh nghi Id Idn ddng Nhit ki eua cd Thu eung eho ta thiy mpt thuc id xa hdi Viet Nam trude day tham chi ca giai dogn hien vin cd sy ki thi khdng nhd doi vdi nhiing ngudi thuc hanh nghi Id hiu ddng cho ring bp la "bgn ddng bdng ", "tinh thdt thudng luc ndo cUng nhdy len tach", la nhting ke "mi tin di doan, tin nhdm nhr Thue te, nhirng cuoc phdng vin eua tdi vdi eae ddng thiy khac da eho thay nhidu ngudi sd hp trude Ird "con nhd Thdnh" ciing cd cung thai dp "ung xii" vdi than linh nhu cd Thu, vi du nhu cd Tham, ngudi phu nu qud d Hung Yen ma tdi da gap mpt budi du le hau ddng lal den Cua Ddng, Lang Son vao nam 2013 Ngudi phy nii 54 tudi nay, guong mat phan nao tre trung ban so vdi tudi thuc nhung doi mat lai nhu mudn ndi vdi ngudi ddi didn ring "cudc ddi tdi tlidt ldm thdng trdm " tam su vdi toi: duoe mpt ddng thay phan rang cd bi dm den mirc dien logn la cd ed can ca rit nang phai di le va hau ddng thi mdi khdi "cd dd thdch thuc vdi dng Thanh "tdi khdng di le day lain g) duac toi nao""*', Li khidn ngudi ta khdng tin vao su ton tgi cua thin va cdng hidu NGHIEN COU - TRAO odi cua nghi Id hiu ddng thi cd nhidu, nhu trudng hpp cd Thu dupe cd giai thich la "hdi gia dinh nlid chdng cd cd vai ve xa hgi Chdng cd dang ldm Bg Cdng an Cd phdn no trudc viic ldm cua bd me cd vd xdu ho khdng biit gidi thich thi ndo cho chdng hieu dugc"*^K Nhung rdi ea cd Thu, cd Tham va nhidu ngudi khic niia da phai "quy hang" dng Thanh theo diing ngdn ngir didn dgt ciia hp sau trai qua nhiing bidn cd cudc ddi va nhiing trai nghidm vd tam linh Sd dT tdi sudung tu "quy hang" ngoae kep bdi thuc su ma ndi den liic ed Thu trinh ddng mdphii khdng phai vi niem tin vao cac vj Dgo Miu, khong phai vi tin vao su triing phgt va trp giiip cua Ngai ma la vi sp Cd Thu, tii mpt ngudi phu nii cd eupc sdng hoan mT ca ve vat chat lin llnh thin (xuat than tii mpt gia dinh sT quan cao cap, Igi ed chdng la cdng an, ban than la trudng phdng ciia mdt cdng ty xuit nhap khau) bong dung dd vd, vp chdng II tan, dm dau lien midn, mil vide thim ehi ed nguy co tu tdi "Cd benh th) vdi tu phuang", ed Thu ciing nhu nhidu ngudi Viet khae da tim den cua Thanh nhd xem bdi dd rdi chi nhgn dupe nhit mdt cau tra ldi: "Co cdn ddng hai mang, phdi trinh ddng md phu keo mugn thl din cdi bdt me cdng khdng cd md dn"'^\ Co tam su vdi tdi va khong qudn "Iqy Thdnh dqi xd cho d^ lu ciia Ngdi" ndl rang "ban ddu su tin tdm chi co 5% thdi cdn Iqi 95% la vl samd phdi trinh ddng ma phu" "C&t tdc ldm toi dng Thdnh" Cd Thu diing thuat ngu "Cdt toe ldm tdi dng Tiidnh " nhu mpt each khac dd ndi ve vide chinh thiic trinh ddng md phu cua minh Nhieu ngudi trudc ddng"' thudng gap nhiing giac mo nhu Thanh ve cat ldc eho hp va hp xem dd nhumpt diu hidu ciia vide khdng the khdng "bdc ghi cha ngoi ldm ngdi me ngir" Mac dii c6 khong it nhiing tu lieu da dd cap den y nghTa ciia viec trinh ddng md phu va thuc hanh nghi Id hiu ddng ddi vdi ddi sdng lim sinh li cic can ddng eung nhu ddi vdi van hoa eua din tpe**' nhung tdi chic chin ring vi?e mo ta didn tidn trude va sau nghi le "c& toe ldm tdi eon ong Thdnh" nhu the nao tia hiu nhu ehua dupe nhic ddn nhidu Tuy nhien, nhu d tren da dd cap, muc dieh ciia toi phan la lam rd hanh trinh tu mpt nguoi dupe coi la ngoai dao tidn den trd mgi ddng thiy - ngudi chu tam linh eua mpt ban hpi, vi vay, tdi se md ta sau diy nghi Id Bdi theo cae lin dd Dgo Miu, trinh ddng mo phu cd y nghTa eirc ki quan trpng, nd giong nhu eanh cdng ngan each giua thd gidi trSn tyc va tam Iinh bj ehan lau nay, gid diy du(;rc md toang dd hp budc chin vao thd gioi tam linh mdnh mdng va trai nghidm cung nd Con xin chu vi than, vua Cha man Me, hdm la a, b, c, d tin chii tenKi the np thd ddn cua Cha ciia Me d trinh bao vdi ddng thay xem xet eho co hpp cung hpp menh, hpp eanh hpp den de lam Id trinh ddng md phu lam tdi ong Thanh Xin cac Ngai cho mdt dai nhil im nhat duong (Phdng van cd Thu) Day la Idi khan eiia nghi Id nhgp dgo ma co Thu cho ring bit ki mdt tin chu nao cting phlu thuc hidn trudc lam Id trinh ddng md phu mpt each diing phep tic Sau ldi khin duoc hieu nghidm, liic la cac Ngai cho nhat am nhat duong, ddng thiy se sip xdp thdi gian ffi lam le md phu song vide lua chpn gio Iheo ed Thu eung khdng phai don gian boi cdn tiiy thudc vao vide tin chu iy thudc menh ddng nao Thudc cin menh hang quan tiic can menh trii ta cua Diic Thanh Tran, lin chu thudng se ddng vao thing hogc thang 10; cd can mdnh hang chiia, hang ehiu, hang co, lin ehu thudng se ddng vao mua xuan; nhung ngudi ed can mdnh bdi, gpi hon, trir la do thuong gidi chi bao thi thudng ddng vl Id Miu Lieu Hgnh Xong Id trii ddng md phu, cd Thu va ddng thiy ciia minh edn phai thirc hidn nghi Id bai su - tiic nghi TAP CHI VHDG s6 3/2015 in thd giiia thay md phu va ngudi duoe md phu, mpt nghi Id ma ed khing djnh vdi ldi ring gidi ddng bdng hidn da phin khdng edn giir duoc Ngudi thiy se thip hucmg khin Igy trudc didn, hdm la ddng thay la xin thip huong kinh bao vdi cac chu vi thin ban gia ban didn, ban den ban phu, hdm cd tan ddng Thu da trinh ddng md phu tai ban didn Hdm nay, xin hiia vdl cdng ddng, vdi vua Cha mau Me la ddng thiy cua tan ddng Thu nguyen mpt ddi dgy bao tan ddng Thu luat Id phep lac ciia nha Thanh, ddi nhin xu thd ban dan ban hpi khdng bao gid giiu nghd va lam nhihig dieu ddi tra vdi tin ddng, nguyen mpt long giup dd ddn tan xd chidu ndu lam khdng diing xin vua Cha miu Me cit ldc va triet hgi Ben egnh dd lin ddng Thu cung se ndi: "Hdm cim nen huong thd trudc eong ddng thin, trude ddng thay, nguyen mdt Idng Iheo Thanh theo thiy, khdng dam sai khdng bd dgo, khdng ddi tra, nguydn mpt long ciing thay phyng thd Phgt Thanh den man bdng xd chidu, ndu eon lam sai trdi tru dat diet, cit hdt Ipc cua " (Phdng vin cd Thu) Cd Thu cho ring, sd dT nghi le bai su hien da phin khdng cdn nua bdi ban than ddng thiy coi diy la mot nghe muu sinh khdng dam the thdt, thuc td cho thiy nhieu dng ddng ba ddng giau nghd vdi de lir va dd lu thi cung khdng It ngudi bd ban didn sang ban didn khac vi hp quan niem khdng hpp eanh hop di?n Mpt ngudi sau cat tdc lam ldi ong Thanh cho ddn trudc 100 dupe gpi la tan dong, sau 100 trd di dupe gpi la ddng Tuy nhidn, khdng phai ddng nao eung cd thd trd ddng thiy Nhiing ghi chep eua Nguydn Thi Hidn "Ong ddng bd dong: hg la ai? " eho thiy sau trinh ddng md phQ, nhieu ngudi ma trudc dd thudng ed chuyen ching lanh, dm dau, b^nb tgt, eo diy tri vl?c hiu il nhit hai lin mot nam thupc vao didu kidn kinh td eung nhu thdi gian thi can benh thuyen giam, trd Igi cupe sdng ddi thudng, ndi nhu Ngd Diie Thinh la hp da dupe "tdi hod nhap Iqi vai cugc sdng cgng dong" NghTa la, ngoai hai vin hiu vao diu nam va eudi nam, edng vide hang eua hp khdng lien quan gi den "vide im" - cdng vide dupe eoi la die thu cua ddng thay Dd la chua kd den vide nhidu ngudi trinh ddng md phu khong phai vi cd can co, va dupe Thanh cho nhiing nang luc dac biel ma dcm thuan hp ddng cho mat me dd lam in dupe thuan budm xudi gid, hoac nhu mpt each dd giai tri, giai tda nhiing cang thing Irong cupe sdng diy nhung lo iu, ddn nen cin dupe bung tda, dan gian thudng gpi hp la ddng dua, ddng du (didu cung duoc ghi Igi eac nghien eiiu cua Nguyen Thi Hidn, Ngd Diie Thinh, Nguydn Ngpe Mai ) Quanh nim vin lam eac cdng vide ddi thudng nhu kinh doanh, kd loan, nhan vidn vin phdng chi diu nam va cudi nam hp mdi ddn didn nha ddng thay hogc mupn eanh"" den to phu Idn de "bdc ghi Cha ngdi, ldm ngdi M? ngi/' va coi dd la each dd xin Ipc Thanh Nhu vay, md phu trinh ddng mac dii da dua cd Thu va nhieu ngudi khac budc vao thd gidi eua thin linh Dgo Miu song sau hp ehua thd trd ddng thay Vide trd ddng thay cdn gan lien vdi vide lap didn va lu duong lau dai Lap dien vd tu duong Cd Thu ke ring, nam 1998, sau la 100 trinh ddng md phu, ed duoc Thanh bao mdng va "chi thi" phai lip dien dd te dp bach gia tram hp Hidu didn diu tidn duoc gpi la Hgp iTnh linh didn va da dupe doi ba lin tinh cho den thdi diem nam 2015 Tu diy, ed Thu buoc vao eon dudng tu dudng ma cd cho ring cd fit nhidu gian truin vit va Tit nhidn, khdng cu lap didn rdi ddng mdi budc vao dudng tu dudng ma hai vide didn song NGHIEN COU - TRAO D | song vdi Nhung tu dudng cai gi va vi Igi phai tu dudng, tu dudng bao liu? Khi tdi di thuc dia, gap gd va phdng vin nhidu ddng, tdi rit nggc nhien bdi hp tra ldi ldi bang nhiing eau ndi cd vin ed di^u Tdi nhin ring nhirng cau ndi dd chua dung ca mdt kho tang tri thuc ban dia ve thuc hanh nghi Id chi cd Dgo Mau, chinh nhung eau ndi van di?u dd Ihupe dd nhd ay se giiip cho nhiing nghi thiic sinh boat Dao Miu, nhimg phep tie mdi quan he giira nhiing tin dd Dgo Miu dupe tri tii ddi sang ddi khae O diy, tdi mudn nhic tdi mot ciu ndi thd hldn tri thirc din gian vd nhiing quy dinh bat bupc mpt ddng phai trai qua trudc hp trd thiy dong ma cd Thu va rat nhieu ngudi khae da nhac tdi cae cupe phdng van ciia tdi: "Ba ndm thulinh, chin ndm thuddng, mudi hai ndm mai that la ddng" Cau ndi dd cho thiy, cae ddng da phai trai qua qua trinh tu dudng lau dai trudc trd ddng thay Cd Thu eho rang, sau md phu trinh ddng eho ddn trudc Id la nien, cac ddng ddu trai qua mpt qua trinh gpi la "thii linh", nghTa la dupe Cha Me thu thach, "thuxem anh CO tham, sdn, si khdng ? Co vi iinh hay khdng ? Co lo viee thdnh hay khdng?" ndi tdm Igi la thli xem anh cd "nhdi tdm eua Phdt, that tdm eiia Thdnh" hay khdng? De vupt qua nhung thu thach ciia nha Ngai, ban thin eae ddng phai khdng ngiing tu duong va ren luyen ban thin Theo cd Thu, tu la giir cho cai lim ludn vimg va sang dd vuot qua nhiing cam vd vit chit eung la dd vupt qua nhihig kho ngn co han ma bit cii ddng nao ciing phai trai qua Bdi le "niu ta khdng trdi qua nhimg khd nan ca hdn, sau ndy ldm thdy cda bdch gia trdm hg ldm ta co thi ddng cam vd chia si vdi nhimg ndi thdng khd cua nhang d$ tu, din Due Phqt cdn phdi di dn xin dn mdy niia la " Cd Thu tam su vdi tdi: "Bdt cti mgt nguai ndo buoc vdo duong tu duang cung phdi trdi qua nhieu nde thang md nde cao nhdi Id hgc Phdt phdp, sau thdm nhudn Ph4t phdp rdi th) quay tai phqc vu chung sink Nhung diden dugrc voi Phdt phdp thi cdnphdi trdi qua hai giai doqn: giai doqn thii nli&t Id tdy sgch ngudi ta, trii hit mgi td ma nguoi ta Trir bdng each ndo? Bdng cdch hhu ddng, hdu Thdnh ddy Sau ca thi dd dugrc sach dd "mkm nhu Iqt, mdt nhu nuac " rdi thl budc thii hai mdi Id tu theo Phdt, hgc theo Phdt " {Phdng vin cd Thu) Ciing theo cd Thu, lu cdn la luydn lip de' eho bdng ddng va bdng Thanh dupe hda quyen vao nhau, de cho dupe "that dong, chde bdng ", dupe "ddng sang, bdng lich su" Muon vgy, eae ddng can phai ren luyen thdng qua nghi Id hau ddng, nam tu dudng diu tidn cac ddng co it nhit ki hau ddng, va ki dd giiip cho co the hp hda dong vdi bong Thanh "cd nghia la khdng khdc gi mmh udng thudc di cho nd quen vdi vong tuhn hodn Sy" Trong ba nam, cd Thu cung nhueae Ihanh ddng Dgo Miu khac di irinh giiu'"" d ciia Cha eua M? lal cac ddn thd cac vi thin Dgo Miu d khip mpi noi trdn dil nudc vdi mong mudn ring Cha Me se toa bdng cho bp va luong im tan tiep vao hp rat mgnh khidn hp ed nang luc lam vide im Tu theo quan nidm ciia cd Thu cdn la hoc tgp ren luydn Iheo su chi bao cua thin Thanh Cy the la sau lip dien thd, ed Thu dupe thin Thanh day bao hang ddm, dac bi?t la day each xem boi -mot edng viec ed Thu gpi la "soi Idng bdc vo" Rat nhidu nhirng ddng Dao Miu 161 gap eung ndi vdi ldi ring, hp dupe Thanh dgy chir Nho, dgy kha nang chira bdnh thdng qua nhimg giic mo hoac thdng qua su giao tiep vdi than linh luc ngdi thien giua ddm Nhu viy, sau trinh ddng md phu, lap dien, cac ddng budc vao dudng tu, dudng va phai trai qua nam "di linh" vdi nhiing thu thach khic nghi^t cua than Thanh nhim "chgn lifa nhirng ngudi uu tii" Nbung mpt eau hdi dat ra, sau ba nam lu TAP CHI VHDG SO 3/2015 dudng, cd Thu va eac ddng lieu da trd Ihanh ddng thiy? Trinh dong m&phu cho nhang de tu vd trd thdnh dong thhy Tdi da hdi ed Thu va nhidu ngudi khac ring nao thi mdt ddng trd dong thay? Li^u sau lip didn, cd nhieu tin ehu ddn nhd ddng giiip cae vide i m nhu xem bdi Id bai, cau xin thi ddng dd dtk dirpc gpi la ddng thiy? Ciu tra ldi la ehua Cd Thu ndi rang, ehi nao ddng dd lam le trinh ddng md phu cho ngudi khac thi liic dd hp mdi dupe gpi la ddng thay va nhiing ngudi dupe hp trinh ddng md phii trd nhang d? tii Moi quan he giira ddng thiy va nhang de tii la mdi quan he thay - trd Cii nhu the, trai qua nam thing, ddng thay trinh ddng md phu cho nhieu ngudi, "kdt nap" dupe nhidu dd tu hon va ciing thuc hanh nghi Id Dgo Miu chu ydu la Id hiu ddng Dd phye vy cho nhu eau cua Id hau ddng, ngudi ta can phai cd cung van, hiu ding Id vit, khan ao tit ca da hop lai lao ban hpi Nhu viy, ban hdi la mot mang xa hpi ciia nhihig ngudi thyc hanh nghi le Dgo Miu, dd trung lam cua mang x i hdi la ddng thay Nhung nao thi mpt dong dupe phep trinh ddng md phu cho ngudi khae? Cd Thu ndi vdi toi la sau ba nam, tiic sau hoan nghTa vu "di linh" va vupt qua thu thach cua nha Ngai, cung la hp di trinh giau het cac ciia Cha cua M? Ban than cd Thu ciing trd Ihanh ddng thay sau nam cd md phii trinh ddng eho dd lu diu tidn ciia minh Tuy nhidn, trd lai cau ndi ma tdi da trich din d trdn "Ba ndm ihu linh, chin ndm thir ddng, mudi hai ndm mdi thdt la ddng" cho thay dieu ma ed Tbu ndi diing vdi tnidng hop ciia cd va trudng hpp ciia nhiing ddng thiy did h? cua ed nhung khdng dung vdi nhirng quy djnh xua cua Dao Miu Hai dong euu d Ha Ndi -mpt nguoi 76 tudi va mpt ngirdi 78 tudi cung d i xic nhin didu Hp ndi "bdy gid cti ba ndm thdm ehi mdi dugrc mot hai ndm dd mdphu trinh ddng cho nguai khdc Id sai phep hit Ngdy xua, cdc bd phdi mdt ba ndm thii linh, ndm thu ddng cho din 12 nam thdt ddng chde bong, liic se cd mdt h0i ddng "sdt hqch " vd cdp cho cdc bd mot sdc phong cd ten Id "Cuu moc dn ddng", sau cd sde phong cdc bd mdi duae quyin mdphu cho nguai khdc"^"\ Nhung md la trdn da cho thiy, trd ddng thay la ea mpt hanh trinh dai gin lien vdl nhiing chuyen bidn Idn lao vd the gidi quan mpt eon ngudi: tii khdng tin va bang bd thin linh, quy phye vi spf hai ddn quy phye hoan loan ty nguydn dd "nhdt tdm cua Phdt that tdm cua Thdnh" Hanh trinh lau dai cung gin lidn vdi vi?c hp phai thuc hidn nhihig nghi Id mang tinh chit bit budc: tii "cdt tdc ldm tdi dng Thdnh" -Id tg 100 -Jap didn va tu dudng - Id tg nam - lam le trinh ddng md phu eho eon nhang dd lu - trd ddng thiy Nhiing nghi le duoc coi la phep lac ma mdt ngudi trd ddng thiy ein phai trai qua Tuy nhien, nhiing phep tac iy khdng dupe luu giii cac cudn kinh didn, giao li giao lugt nhu cac tdn giao thd gidi nhu Phit giao, Kitd giao Hoi giao, ma nd la nhiing chuan muc bit vin dupe truydn khau tii ddi qua ddi khac Day chinh la die trung ndi bat cua van hoa din gian ma Dao Miu va nghi Id hiu ddng la mdt vi dy Tur nhiing nang luc dac biet Khi ldi md la hanh trinh trd ddng thay cua ed Thu, se cd nhieu eau hdi dupe dgt ra, dd vi cd Thu tu mpi nguoi ngogi dgo lai trd ddng thay cd le se la cau hdl quan trpng nhat Mpt sd tin dd eua Dgo Miu cho rang, trd ddng thiy hay khdng la su lua chpn cua Thanh, mdt sd Igi cho ring ddng gidng nha ngiroi ed ddng va cd nghidp lam thiy hay khdng Chinh cd Thu cfing da xae nhan vdi ldi didu nay: "Tra thdnh ddng NGHIEN ClAJ - TRAO £ thdy hay khdng phu thudc vdo ddng nhd minh cd ddng hay khdng Anh budc vdo ngudng eita cua hdu ddng khdng phdi anh budc vdo de anh chai, de anh dancing nhdy nhdt, anh hdt mua ca md Id di gdnh trdch nhiim ciia dng Thdnh " Va tdi hieu cai trach nhidm dd dupe trao iruyen tii ddi sang ddi khac eua ddng hp Mac dii ed nhidu y kidn khac nhau, song tdi van cho rang, yeu td then ehdt nhat khien mdt ngudi tu ngoai dao trd ddng thiy chinh la bdi nang luc die bidt cua hp Vdi nhin dmh nay, ldi cd su chia se vdi Nguyen Thj Hidn "Bdnh im: chin doan va chiia benh len ddng cua ngudi Vi$t duong dgi": "Nhiing ngudi "cao toy ", co mdt sd khd ndng dac biit vi mgt tdm linh nhu xem boi, chQa binh cd the tra thdnh ddng thdy" (Nguydn Thi Hien 2007: 42) Nhu viy, nang luc dac biel dupe hieu la kha ning lam mpt vide gi dd ma mpt ngudi binh thudng khdng lam dupe Trong phan nay, bai vidt eua ldi se lam rd nhiing nang luc dgc biel ciia ddng thiy, li giai vi hp lai cd nhiing nang lue dd, nhin nhgn nhiing nang luc die biet nhu mdt thii ma lue theo li thuyet ciia Charles F Keyes, tii tdi eiing mudn tim hieu xem bang each nao ma lire cua ddng thiy duoc bieu Ip va lan truydn? Dudng nhu mdi ddng thay se cd nhirng nang lue dac biel rieng Thang nam 2014, tdi di ciing cd Thu va anh Hiing - trudc diy vdn la giam dde mpt edng ly thupc lap doan Vinashin, bi pha san, la nhang dd tu cua cd Thu ddn d\x le khanh ti^c Due Thanh Tran tgi Phu Thupng Dogn (Hal Phdng) Tai day, tdi cd dip dupe tidp xuc vdi nhieu ddng thay va tim hidu ve hp Mdt ddng thiy cho tdi bidt ring dng ed thd tim thiy nhung ngdi mp thit lac ve eho gia dinh, xac suit eua vi?e tim diing cd thd len tdi 90% Mpi ddng thay khae d Hung Ydn ldi mdi gap gin diy, Igi ndi rang anh la cd the chiia khdi nhidu can bdnh chi bang each chgm vao nhirng vi tri dau tren co thd ngudi bdnh Tdi da dupe i^uan sat vide chiia b?nh eua anh tai nha cd Thu Mpt de tu cua ed Thu hi dau dau va met mdi ddn nhd giiip, anh la dgl hai tay Idn diu cgu dd tu dd mit thi nhim nghidn lai nhu dang didu khidn thii gi dd hogc dang nhgn sue mgnh eua thin linh? Mpt liie sau, tdi hdi cgu de lu ve ket qua thi cau la tra ldi rang cam thay dd chiu hon va cac huydt dgo co the dugc thdng sudt hon Cd Thu dupfc tin dd cua minh eho la co nhidu nang luc die bidt, ndi bit la ning tyc xem bdi Din gian la vin thudng dung khai ni?m xem bdi dd chi vd mdt ngudi cd kha nang biet dupe qua khii, hien tai ciing nhutuong lai cua ngudi khac Nhung ed Thu khong thich diing tu "xem bdi" vi cd cho i^ng "noi nhu vdy th'i tra tren qud", ed thich dung tii ''soi long bde vd" hem Theo dd, cd khdng chi biet dupe sd phin cua ngudi khae, ed cdn c6 the hidu duoc tim can eua hp Cach ma co Thu soi long bdc vd cho bach gia tram bp la diing CO bai Tay, lal ea mpi didu deu hidn len trdn c6 bai Tiy nay, ddi ed cdn dung each gieo ddng tidn am duong, Cd Thu phat hidn minh cd kha ning tii sau Igp didn nam 1998 Theo ldi ke ciia nhirng ngudi chap tac"^' tai ban di^n nha cd Thu, trudc day, sd lupng ngiim ddn nhd cd Thu xem rit nhieu, ngudi den xem phai chen ehiic ddn ndi mdi ngudi dupe phat mpt cai the, tren dd cd ghi sd thii ty trudc sau de dam bao edng bing Co Thu cdn cd nang luc chua bdnh am mpt ehiing bdnh ma phai dgt vao bdi canh van hoa tdn giao mdi cd the hieu dupe Nguydn Thi Hien da vidt vd chiing bdnh nhu sau; "Trong tin ngudng cua nguoi Vi^t, b$nh ducmg Id b$nh ca dfa vqt li ciia ca thi, eon b$nh dm la b$nh vi dudng dm, tuc td cd nguyin nhdn the gidi ben kia, vd hmh, siiu nhien Bdc si la nhimg ngudi chudn dodn benh duang vd cho thudc Tdy hoac Ddng y trj b$nh, b^nh dm Id nhOng thdy cung, thdy bdi, dng ddng bd ddng xem que, bdi, xem dodn sdmenh TAP CHi VHDG S6 3/2015 vd ldm li Cling bdi, keu thdn tiidnh thuang, cuu giup " "Benh dm Id nhirng binh cd trieu chiing khd chudn dodn nguyin nhdn nhu bi diin bj kit tdc, bf dm gid vd (cd nghla Id ngudi bfnh khdng hdn Id bi dm, liic khoe, liic met, nguoi liic ndng liic Iqnh) ed Id mgt benh rdt nang md binh vien chira mai khdng- khoi trd vi nhd diiu tri Da sd nhiing trucmg hqp bi b$nh nhu the ndy di khdm bdc si a binh vien cOng khdng ro binh" (2007: 39) Nhiing tri?u chung khdng ro rang trdn khidn nhidu ngudi cang tin tudng vao vide minh bi bdnh im va kdt qua cua vide "ed binh thi vdi tti phuang" da dua dudng din ldi hp den vdi ddng thiy Trong trudng hgp ggp nhiing ngudi bi bdnh nhu vgy, ddng thiy thudng phan bi bdnh im, kdu thay Igy dd va trinh ddng md phii cho thi khdi b^nh Khdng it ngudi da gap va dupe ed Thu Cliu chira khdi nhCmg trieu chiing eiia benh am nhu da ndi trdn Tdi da gap mdt cd gai tre tdn Phuong ngudi din tpe Thai lam vide lai Ha Npi Phuong ndi vdi tdi ring trudc dd cd.chua he biet gi ddn dgo Miu hay hiu ddng nhung bong nhidn cd bi dm, dm ddn mure khdng ngdi day dd di lam dupe, di benh vidn nhidu lin nhung bdnh vidn khdng kham bdnh gi, dem ddm cd khdng ngii dupe, eii ngdi nhin trimg trung vao bdng ldi khidn ehdng eon phat hoang Phuong giy roc ngudi di va khdng cdn sue de di lam danh phai nghi vide d cdng ly truyen thdng Rdi gia dinh dua Phuong ddn mpt Ihay ddng cdn rit tre, thiy ddng phan cd ed cin ddng phai trinh ddng md phii Gia dinh Phuong da di vay ngan hang de cd tidn md phu eho cd Nhung bdnh tinh vin khdng thuydn giam Cai duyen da lai dua diy cho Phuong ddn gap cd Thu, cd Thu da lam Id tai ddng sang khan"^' cho Phuong Kd tii dd, Phuong khdi benh va di lam trd lal Nhu vgy, eau chuyen ciia Phuong ndu rpt theo tidu chi cua Nguydn Thj Hidn cd thd thiy la mdt dgng cua bdnh im Phuong ed can eao sd ngng, phai hiu Thanh nhimg lai khdng bidt vi viy bi Thanh phgt va bj dm dau Cd Thu da chiia khdi bdnh cho Phuong bdi vi da bit diing can benh va giiip Phuong trinh ddng md phii Igi Trong trudng hpp nay, cd Thu cdn dupe Phuong xem la "cao lay" hon so vdi ddng thiy tre tudi da md phu lin diu cho Phuong nhung lai md khdng diing phep va vi vgy benh ctia Phuong khong the khdi dupe Nhung vi cd Thu lai cd the' "soi Idng bdc vd", ed thd chiia dupe nhihig can benh duprc cho la tridu chirng ciia benh am, ndi cich khac vi cd Thu cd nhiing ning luc die biet ma mdt ngudi binh thudng khdng cd? Theo each li giai cua eac tin dd Dgo Mau la cd Thu da dupe "in ldc Thanh", dupe Thanh truyen eho nhiing ning luc dgc biet dd, ehinh xac hon, cd Thu ed thd giao tidp duoc vdi eac vi thin Dao Mau, thinh ciu va nhd cay den sue manh ciia cae vj Thanh dd lam nhiing vide phi thudng cihi dp chiing sinh Nhung ngudi cd kha ning giao tidp vdi thin Iinh, mang siic manh ciia than linh dd ciiu giiip ngudi khac, theo nhidu nha nghidn ciiu la nhiing ngirdi cd ma luc Charles Keyes "Ma lue: tir ddi sdng xa hdi den tidu su llnh thidng" da viet: "Nhiing nhdn vdt cu thi vdi nhiiu tin ggi khdc nhu thdy Shaman, nhd truyin dqo Hindu, tu sT, nhd tien tri hay ddng euu thi tdt cd diu duac tin cda hg thiia nhdn rdng hg eo mdt mdi liin hi dqc biit gdn gdi vdi yiu td linh thieng bdi v\ hg da ldm cho mot so hdnh ddng cOa minh, nhung hodn cdnh dde biit hay cugc sdng hdng ngdy, gidng nhu nhiing md hmh dug^c nlim nhdn nhu nhimg ddu hiiu linh thieng Nhimg cd nMn ndy eo thi duge eoi Id nhimg ngudi cd ma life {Charisma)" (2006: 390) Ong cho ring, ed nhidu diu hidu dd nhin didn mdt ngudi cd ma luc, dd, "mgtcdnlidn edma luc phu ihudc vdo su diin gidi cua hg vi mgi sd ddu hiiu nhdt dinh ed lien he tdi ngudi ndy nhu Id chi mdi liin hi giUa anb ta vd thdn tiidnh" (2006: 390-391) Vide thiy ddng Thu "soi long bdc vd" cho cac tin chu khdng trd vide doin md, xuydn NGHIEN ClhJ - TRAO eA tac vide dupe thiy Thu hpp thirc boa bing each "didn giai" vdi mpi ngudi ring Thanh da cho ed in "ldc soi" Cd lim sir vdi ldi va didu cd cung da ndi vdi rit nhidu dd tii eiia minh: "Sau lap diin, dim ndo Thdnh ciing gidng vi de ddn ddt cd gidc ma, Thdnh dqy ed hgc rdng rd sudt ndm trai Cd mgt kl niim ldm cd nhd mdi Id hi cti dim trudc cd ma cd bao nhieu ngudi den, hoi vi vdn di gi, xii li la hdm sau cd bdy nhiiu ngudi din vdi bdy nhiiu vdn di " (Phdng van ed Thu) Viee ed Thu chira bdnh cho cac nhang dd tuciia minh cung khong phai theo lieu phap cua Ddng y hay Tay y, khdng udng thudc, khdng bim huyet ma bang nghi Id de dat dupe hidu qua thdng qua vide sir dung siic manh ciia than linh Bing each nay, ed Thu cung dupe cae de tu eiia minh xem la mdt dong thay cd ma luc Diing nhu Keyes viet: "Ngudi dug'c cho Id cd khd nang chUa dugc cde cdn b^nh ddi diin vdi tinh trqng gdn ddt xa trdi hay nhiing ngudi mdc binh kinh nien hogc tdn tdt lau ndm cd thi duac gdn cho la cd ma luc trudng hap klid ndng chUa binh cda hg duac diin gidi nhu Id tiip nhgn tU thdn thdnh" (2006: 391) Nhung xem bdi, chira b$nh thdng qua sy giao tiep vdi than Iinh khdng phai la nhirng dau hidu nhit ehiing to mpt ngudi co ma lye "Vdi y nghla khdi qudt han, bdt ki mdt "diiu huyen diiu", mgt hdnh dgng ndo dugrc tin Id khong thi thuc hien dugc so vdi nhihig g) ngudi hiiu biit vi nhihig qud trinh bmh thudng ciia cudc sdng vd tu nhiin diu cd the trd thdnh ddu hieu cua ma /ifc"(Keyes 2006: 393) Keyes dan trudng hpp nha truydn dao Hindu An Dp eudi thd ki XIX dau the ki XX Shrimat Pandurangashram Swami, ngirdi dupe eoi la cd ma luc bdi da thye hien hang loat nhihig "didu huydn didu" nhin la bua dng dua cho mpt ngudi nao dd dirpc dam bao cd anh hudng tdi quyet dinh cua toa an ed Ipi eho anh ta; ldi cau nguyen ciia dng ung hp mdt vien thu lai H6i giao dupe nghi la dem den cho ngu6i mpt sy thing quan tidn chuc Ban than CO Thu, bdn canh vi?e chiia b^nh i m va "soi Idng bde vd", cdn dupe cac nhang d? tu xem la da thye hi?n nhidu "didu huydn di^u" khac niia nhu bdc bat nhang cho nhieu gia dinh khidn gia chu "rit ed Ipc"; khcri tac long mgch trude cua ddn Trinh de' loan bd luyen cap treo ehua Huong dupe di vao hogt ddng vdi sir chi din cua Thanh (am bao den dau, ed Thu hanh sai den day); pha bd Iran ydm cua Trung Quoc d Ha Giang ddi vdi Viel Nam Khi nghien Cliu cae cudn "sd edng vide" hang nam cijac6 Thu, tdi nhin thay rit nhieu ngudi cd chiic vj den nhd eay cd lam Id dd dupe thing quan tien chiic, mdt sd xin dupe dd dgi hoc, mdt so nira lai nhd cd ciing dpng thd xay dung edng ty, nha hang vdi sy hi vpng rang nhiing nghi ll cua cd khidn cho cong ty va nha hang kinh doanh phat dgl Khi ndi ve ma lye, Irong bai viel ciia minh, Keyes "sii dung thudt ngU ma luc theo nghia hep han vd nguyin gde han di bao hdm m$t dqc tinh md nhiing ngudi khdc diin gidi Id yiu td tilling lieng tir thdn hogc yeu td linh Ihiing trdi phu" (2006: 393) Tuy nhidn, ldi mudndi xa hdn eai gpi la ma lye "trdi phii" Toi mudn ndi ring, ben egnh "trdi phii", co nhieu ydu td niia khidn mpt ngudi dupe nhin nhgn nhu la cd ma luc, dd khdng the khong nhac tdi ddng co tgo ma luc cua ban than chii the va nhimg nd lye eua cac lin dd Irong vide lan truyen thdng tin vd kha nang dgc bi?t ciia ddng thay Nhu d trdn tdi da ehi theo Ii thuyet ciia Keyes, thiy ddng Thu dupe coi la ngudi c6 ma lye ban than cd va cac dd lu cua cd deu didn giai nhiing hanh ddng dgc bidt, t h ^ chi la huydn didu eua cd nhu la sy khai thi cua than thanh, nd dupe thyc hldn sy giao tidp cua CO vdi cac vi Thanh Dao Miu - dd la thii ma luc "trdi phii" Tuy nhidn, nhimg bing I TAP CHi VHDG S 3/2015 ' chirng thuc le ddi "id cao" lai nhung dien dit cd nhiing lgp khi, minh tra ldi ludn "dit cd ! giai cua cd vd hanh ddng cua minh la su vong nha" Xong minh lai tiep tye ddng am I khai thj cua thin va eho thiy ed Thu duong, cai liic dd la minh phai ddng im dang cd gang de tgo ma lye va cd gang dd duong hen tye, theo diing ciu hdi eua minh, eii ' eho eac tin dd eiia minh nghT rang cd cd ma hdi tra ldi Sau dd la hdi ddn eua vao " (Quan ' lye Tdi da tham gia mot Idp hpe ma cd Thu Id sat tham dy eua lie gia, thing 11 nam 2013) ' chirc dd day cho cic de tu than can ciia minh Khong chi nhu vgy, thiy Thu cdn dgy eae I vd "phep di ldy ddng dm ducmg",'-*'^^ thuc chit dd iii each dd khoi gpi su td mo eiia cae tin ehii ! la dgy kT thuat "soi long bdc vd" Day la mpt ddn xem va stj td md ay khien hp ludn ludn d ' dogn ghi Igi Igi budi quan sal tham du ciia ldi: trang thai mudn hdi nhidu hon niia Mdt "Cai diu tidn ma minh can bdi la minh hdi nhimg each dd khoi gpi su td md chinh la vide ' vao dit Khi minh bat dau hdi la minh lip ngudi xin am duong phai tra ldi ngin gpn, ; trung eao dp vao hai ddng im duong, diing ed khdng dien giai dai ddng: "minh khong can nghT phan van gi ca va minh bat ngudi ta chep phai ndi nhidu Dd chinh la sy kich boat dd ' Khdng dupe hdl gi ca va minh bat ngudi ta cho nd phai hdi tiep (nd d diy chinh la cac tin chep ludn Chep cho den bet thi thoi Nhihig chii den nhd xem -TG) Minh ndi bet rdi thi nd vin dd minh hoi cii the, cii thd minh choang cdn hdi eii gi nua" ddng im duong xudng Bdl vi minh mdi, Ben canh dd, cae nhang de lu eiia ed minh chua djnh hinh dupe eai sdng cua minh Thu cdn tan dung mpi liic mpi noi de khudch phat ra, minh chira didu chinh dupe la thuin thye hay chua thuin thuc, eho nen minh mdi truong cai duoe gpi la ma Iyc cua cd Thu Hp bat gia ehu ngdi trudc mat minh la khong dupe nhin cd nhu la ngudi cd dung mao khac thudng phep eat ngang ldi ndi, mudn hdi cai gi sau se hp ndi vdi toi "em khdng nlim thdy a, hdl, minh ep ngudi la nhu thd dd cho cai ludng ve be ngodi nhin thdy Thu dd cd net khdc ngudi am duong nd vao ngudi minh la nd vao rat rdi Thdy nhu m? Tdn La gidng trdn dy " Chi chuan Sau hieu lenh cho hp nhu vgy Nga sinh sdng lai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, da rdi thi minh bat diu hdi: "cho eon xin soi ve ggp tbay Thu lan dau tien tai dao Phii Qudc roi dit" Thi liic dd minh dung eai tam ciia minh sau dd dupe thay Thu trinh dong md phu cho de xuat cau hdi, minh hdi Irong lim chu ndi vdi tdi rang "chinh dng bd td tiin dd khdng phai minh hdi mdm "dat d cd hop dua dudng chi ldi cho chi gap thdy thdy nhu khdng?" Sau dd gieo ddng im duong The thi cd tiin gidng trdn dy" Hp ca ngoi nang luc bao gid ddng am duong ciing cho ket qua: die bidt eua eo Thu vdi tat ca nhung ngudi hp mpt la nhit im nhat duong, hai la hai ddng gap Chi Thu, ngudi toi viia nhic d trdn phin eudi, ba la hai ddng sip Ndu ddng im duong khich loi hdi ve nang lue "sol Idng bdc cho kel qua nhit im nhat duong cd nghla la vd" ciia cd Thu: "Diing Diing den vai cd linh dat h(7p, minh phan ludn la dit hpp Ndu hdn Chudn Ididng cdn chinh " Didu quan trpng nhu dat khdng hpp nd se hai ddng cudi thi la theo lip nhung nang luc dae biet ciia cd Thu minh ndi la dit khdng hpp Ndu nhu hai ddng dupe sudyng de cihi bach gia trim hp chii khdng sip thi minh tra ldi ludn "dil du nha" Du ve phai vi lien "nhu chi Hiin ddy ndy, mdphii hit cai gi? Minh chua can ndi vpi Dat du'thi minh mdy chuc triiu mdi cki dua cho thdy 7,8 irieu, hdi tiep mpt cau hdi nira "dat ed vong khdng?" lai thdy bo hit Thdy cho ng' " Choang, lai vui ddng am duong xuong dd hdi Co thd ndi, chinh sy "quang ba" cua cac de Nhit am nhat duong cd nghTa la cd vong, hoac tii khidn cho uy tin cua cd Thu dupe vang xa ll NGHIEN COU - TRAO Bl va ma luc cua cd Thu dinyc lan truydn Ma luc cang duoc lan tmydn, lieng tam cua ddng thay va ban didn cang Idn va vgy sd lupng nhang dd tir den vdi ban hdi cang ddng hon Chinh ma luc da tgo ndn mot siie hiit Idn, ngudi cd ma Iyc (tuc ddng thay) trd mdt thdi nam ehim Ban hpi dupe hinh va md rdng hay hep phy thudc vao sue hiit mgnh yeu cua thdi nam cham dd Ddng thdi ciing chinh ma luc da giiip ddng thiy gay dyng va the hien dupe quyen luc cua minh Vay quyen Iyc dd lagi? den quyen luc ban hoi Dao Mau O tren da phan tich, ma luc cua dong thay cd thd "trdi phu" nhung cung cd the la ban thin ddng thiy co gang tgo nen Nhung dii the nao di niia, ddng thiy dupe nhin nhan la cd ma luc thi chinh ma luc iy se lao ndn quydn luc cho ddng thay Nhung quydn Iyc ndi chung mudn van hanh dupe phai ed cac thidt chd Vi du cu thd la, mpt dng giam ddc, chi the hidn quydn luc ciia minh dng ta dupe gan lien vdi mdt cdng ty cd mpt co eau td ehuc cac phdng ban va cac vi tri nhin su cu the Cung nhu vay, quyen luc ciia ddng thay dupe bieu Ip ro net nhat quyen luc dd gan lien vdi "thiet chd" ban hpi Vay quyen luc ciia dong thay dupe the hidn nhu thd nao qua ban hdi? Trudc het, ddng thay vdi ma luc da giy dyng nen ban hdi ciia rieng minh Nhu da dd cap den d tren, ma luc ban than nd da tgo nen mdt Iyc hap dan, mdt siic hut Idn khien ngudi ta tim den vdi nd Rat nhidu ngudi da tim den thiy Thu, dupe trai nghiem tinh hieu nghiem ctia nhthig nang lye die bidt cua thiy rdi tin tudng, trd Ihanh eon nhang de tu va gan bd liu dai vdi thay Cae de lir thudng xuydn tap hpp xung quanh thiy de thuc hanh nghi le Dgo Miu, dd quan trpng nhat la hau ddng, bdi vay can den su hd trp cila cung van, hau dang, thay eung, cac dich vy le, khan ao Ket qua la mpt ban bdi dupe hinh De ban hpi vgn hanh duoc, eung cd nghTa la quyen lire eua ddng thiy dupe van hanh thi cin co mpt CO ciu id chuc Nhin bdn ngoai, ngudi la tudng nhu ban hpi khdng cd sy phin ehia t6' chiic gi rd rang, don thuan chi la ddng thay va xung quanh la cac de tu Nhung thuc chit, tham nhgp vao ban hpi se thiy, ban hdi dupe phan tang eac Idp lang, dd ddng thay vdi nhung nang Iyc die bidt eua minh duong nhidn la trudng hdi, ngudi chi huy lim Iinh (ndi nhu cac tae gia Ii thuydt mgng ludi xa h6i thi ddng thiy la eai rdn eiia ban hdi bdi tlim quan trpng eiia mat xich vide tri sy tdn tai hay khdng eua ban hoi), giiip viec cho trudng hdi ed mdt "bd may" ma thuat ngii chuyen diing cua gidi ddng bdng la chap tac, nhiing ngudi dupe "phan edng chuyen mdn" lo com nude, lau chiii va Idn huong cho ban didn,.chuin bi ma va sip ma (nhiing nguoi ed the dupe hudng luong theo thing ddng thay tra hoac cung cd thd duoe Ira Iheo lam dudi hinh thuc la "Idc Thanh" ) Rieng trudng hpp ban hdi cua cd Thu cd mpt bp phin rit quan trpng dupe xem nhu la "tir try" ban bac va quyet sach nhung van dd, nhiing cdng vide quan trpng cua ban hdi Va dT nhien, mpi bd phin quan trpng niia cua ban hdi khdng thd khdng ke den la cac eon nhang de tii, eac tin ehu Mdi ddng thay se sd hihi eho minh mdt ban hpi rieng va khoi^^ mpt ban hdi nao gidng ban hpi nao Li la ndi dung hogt ddng eua mdi mdt ban hpi phu thudc vao ma luc, tiic nang lye die biel ma ddng thay cd Vi dy, cd nhung ban hdi chuySii di tim mp vi ddng thiy cd nang lye tim mp, Ijii cd nhimg ban bdi chuyen chda benh am vi ddng thiy cd nang Iyc dae bidt la tru ta sat quy Khdng chi la ngudi ed vai trd ISp ban hdi, ddng thay cdn la ngudi quyet djnh sii tri va phat tridn ciia ban hpi Dieu lai cung phu thupc vao ma luc cua dong thiy Ndu ma lye cua ddng thay dupe tri va cang cd tim anh hudng rpng, ndi nhu thu^t JTAP CHi VHDG S6' 3/2015 ngii nha Thanh la ddng thiy vin dupe "an ldc Thanh" thi ban hpi vin tdn lai, phat trien, cdn ndu khdng thi ngupe lai Nhiing phin tich trdn day cho thay, ro rang quydn luc ciia ddng thiy cd sy phy thupc va lidn he chat che vdi ma lye ma hp c6 Vdi vai trd la ngudi thiet lap va tri su ton Igl, phat trien ciia ban hdi, ddng thiy cd quyen lye vi$c dan dat va "ap dit" nhung chuan myc len eac eon nhang dd tii Nhidu vien ban hpi ciia ed Thu thudng nhic tdi mdt cau ndi "ngudi di trudc rude ke di sau" tdi hdi vi tri eua ddng thiy mdi quan he vdi hp Ddng thiy la ngudi da ddn voi Dao Miu trudc, ngudi da trai qua qua trinh lu dudng, dupe Thanh dgy va da thdng ludng v i ^ thye hanh nghi Id, vi vay, ddng ihiy CO quyen lye vi^e dan dit eae dd tu nhung "ke di sau" Tdi da nhin thiy, cd nhiing d$ tii viia bude ehan vao thd gidi hau ddng, trdn ehidu hiu, mpi thii vin cdn Idng ngdng, cd Thu ngdi ben egnh va chi dan eho hp nhiing vide cin lam, chang hgn, dau dd mpi ngudi biet vi Thanh nao da nhip vao ngudi hp; nhun chin, miia beo mua kiem the nao; va ca nhihig bieu cam tren khudn mat thd nao cho phii hpp vdi tinh each eiia nhiing vi Thanh nhap vao hp Quydn lye din dat cua ddng thay ddi vdi cae dd tu cdn duoe the hi?n rat ro qua "chuin muc" trinh giiu Toi gpi la "chuin myc" bdi day la didu bat bude mac dii bat vin Trong gidi hiu ddng quy djnh, lit ca nhiing ngudi trinh ddng md phu nam dau phai di trinh cae ciia de "cha bidt mat, me bidt tdn", cae ehuyen di den eac den to phil Idn dd bat bupc phai ed ddng tbay dan dat Nhung trai nghidm ma luc cua ddng thiy cung khidn hp edn cd quyen lye vide dien giai nhung glie mo, nhihig didu ki la ma cae de tu ciia hp ggp phai Bdn canh quydn lye din dat nhang dd lu tiieo nhung chuin myc bat Ihanh van cua nha Thanh nhu ldi ndi d Irdn, vdi tu each la ngudi lap va "sd hihi" ban hdi, ddng thiy cd quyen lye vide ap dit nhirng chuin myc ridng minh dd cho eae vidn ban hdi Chang hgn, vide mdt nam cac tin bat bupc phai cd mat d dien nha thiy dd td chuc cae vin hiu nhan dip diu nam, vao he, he va eudi nam vao nhung nao, ddng gdp la bao nhidu hay gia ea eua nghi Id trinh ddng md phii, eae nghi Id khac nhu thd nao la cd Thu dat ra, ap xudng va lit ca cac tin dd phai thyc hidn Nhieu khi, nhirng chuan myc ridng dupe ddng thiy ap dgt cho ban hpi thuc hien Igi dupe hp li giai dd chinh la khai thi ciia thin thanh, thin da truydn am cho ddng thiy va ddng thiy lai truyen xudng cho nhang dd tir cua minh Tdi ^ dupe ed Thu nhd ghi am Igi nhiing ldi cd phat bieu cua minh trudc cac vidn ban hpi mdt vin hiu diu nam 2013, bai phat bieu nay, cd Thu dd cap ddn nhiing quy dinh eua ban hdi ve vi|c cac vidn ban hdi phai ydu thuong, giiip dd lan nhau, phai doan ket, phai tu dudng, phai hidu phep lie nhu the nao va sau cd ndi vdi tdi rang sd dT cd nhd tdi gbi am la bdi vi liie dd khdng phai la Idi ciia ed ma la ldi Thanh truyen Vi dy nay, mdt lin niia cho thay, mdi quan h? giira ddng thiy vdi thin linh da khidn hp trd ngudi cd ma tue va ma lijc da khoae chide aq quydn lye eho hp mdi quan he vdi cae de tii "Quyin lire ma lire ludn ludn bdt ddu vm sif tnfc tiip cua nhung sif kiin cty thifc dd mdt ngudi d vdo trqng thdi biin ddi cua nhan thiic thuc hiin mot diiu thdn diiu rd rdng, cd gang tdi nhirng gidi han anh hung, nhiing su kien ndy tgo nin mgt dn tugng mqnli me ddi vdi chinh bdn thdn ngudi thifc hiin vd ngudi chiing kiin" (Keyes 2006: 391) Tuy nhidn, quydn luc ciia ddng thiy ban hpi Dao Mau nhieu khdng chi duoc bidu bidn bang nhiing hanh ddng va vi?c lam "thin dieu" ma cdn cd the dupe cam nhgn thdng qua ngdn NGHIEN CUU - TRAO B& ngir CO thd va ngdn ngu- ldi ndi Nhieu ddng Thiy d^ Ihd hi?n quydn uy eua minh qua ddi mat sac lgnh, qua sy "in to ndi Idn", quit thio cac nhang dd tu Cdn cac nhang de tu Igi the hi?n sy phue lung thii quydn lye eua ma lye thdng qua sy sp hai, ea sy sung kinh, qua each each ximg hd thua bim, da vang va qua ca nhimg vide lam thd hidn su phye tung vd didu kidn Ldi lam sy cua chj Minh ban hpi cua cd Thu la bang chiing eho didu nay: "Nhieu den nha thiy, thiy ed viec gi la cbi lao vao lam nhu thieu than O nha chi sudng lim ehu, cd eii phuc vy, Igi cd ca ngudi giiip vide nira Thd nhung den nha thiy, thiy nha eiia ban tbiu lupm thupm, chi Igl quet dpn, ihgm chi cdn dinh ca nha tidu nira Chj lam nhu viy khdng phai dd dupe thay khen, khdng phai vi cai gi ma la dd the hieh cai tim cua minh ddi vdl thiy Mdi di dau, bpn chj thudng xach tiii cho thiy, trudc Ihay ngdi bpn chi phai lau ghd cho thiy, bpn chj lam nhu vgy dd mpi ngudi eung phai kinh trpng thiy cua bpn chi Dd mpi ngirdi nghT ring, thiy phai la ngudi nhu the nao thi trd mdi nhu the chii" (Phdng van ehi Minh, 53 tuoi) Nhiing ldi tam sy eiia chi Minh eho thay, quydn lye eiia ddng thiy khdng chi khidn cac lin dd sp^ hii ma edn ngudng mp va ty hao Dd chinh la didu die bift cua quydn luc ma Iyc Song, quyen lye ciia ddng thay khac gi so vdi quydn luc cua nhirng ngudi diing diu cac Id chiie xa hdi khac nhu trudng bpc, benh vi?n, cdng an ? C6 the thay, tinh chit ciia hai thii quyen luc khac nhau: quydn lye cua ddng thiy la quyen luc ma Iyc, mpt thu quydn lue lim linh; dd quydn luc cua nhiing ngudi diing dau eac id chuc xa hdi khac dupe gpi la quydn Iyc xa hdi Quydn lye tim linh ed dupe thdng qua sy giao tidp vdi the gidi linh thieng, dupe than linb ban cho nhimg nang luc dgc bidt Irong dd quyen lye xa hpi la quyen lye dupe trao bdi xa hdi, bdi nha nuoc va phap luit Quydn luc lam linh eiia ddng thgy dupe thyc thi bdi sy khai thi ciia thin dd quydn lye ciia nhiing ngudi diing diu cac td chiic xa hdi lai dupe thyc thi boi nhiing quy dinh vd quyen ban va chiic nang ciia bp may hanh chinh Cudi cung, quyen luc xa hpi la quydn lye ehinh thdng, dupe chip nhgn" eiia lugt phap nha nudc edn quyen lye ciia ddng thiy la quydn lye mang tinh dan gian va ehi c6 gia tri ddi vdi nhirng ngudi thyc hanh nghi Id Dgo Miu Cudi cung, mpt vin dd dat la: nao quyen lye ciia ma Iyc bj khung hoang hay noi each khac nao thi sy phuc tiing cua cac vidn ban hdl ddi vdi quydn lye cua ddng thay bj suy giam? Theo cac tin dd Dao Mau thi dd la ddng thiy vi phgm cai thiengmot phim chat dac bi^t nhat eiia ma Iyc Nhu d trdn da dd cap ddn, ngudi dupe cho la co ma luc la ngudi cd sy giao tidp vdi thin Iinh, thdng qua su dung siic manh ciia thin linh dd chih bdnh trii la xem bdi Cd nghTa la, ngudi duoc cho rang cd ma lye la ngudi lien quan den cai thieng Ma cai thieng ludn ludn dupe dgt sy ddi Igp vdi Iran tuc Didu dd giai thich vi Keyes eho ring nhung ngudi ed ma Ii^c thudng chdi bd thd gidi trin tuc hp "riii bd khdi nhiing thii vui xung quanh, thdm chi la nhOng hmh thuc vui thu b'lnh thudng nhdt, htf chdm diit hoat dgng tmh due, chi dn udng tdn tqi khdng dn mac vi nhiing mitc dich kk^ ngodi vi^e di bdo v$ ca thi vd che di nhims bg phan gidi tinh cua ngudi" (2006: 404) De giao tidp vdi thd gidi linh thieng, tri ma luc ciia minh, ddng thay thudng cd nhung kidng kj khie ngudi binh thudng nhu nhm an, khdng an mim tdm, thit ehd kieng ki quanhf vg chdng mpt thdi gian nhai dinh trudc hiu Thanh Tuy nhidn, cai thieng bj vi phgm ed nghTa la didu dd anh hudng d^n ^ tdn tgi cua ma Ipc Ching thd ma "trong W hgi Phqt gido nhu d Thdi Lan, viic phdt hi^n TAP CHi VHDG s 3/2015 mdt Vf su cd ma tuc cd quan hi tinh due vdi tin dd cua minh cd thi ddn tdi su loqi bo hodn todn vd gdn nhu tiic then nhimg tuyin bd cua dng ta ve ma luc" (Keyes 2006: 395) Ket luan Nhu viy, bai viet cua tdi da tim hidu vd hanh trinh trd ddng thiy -ngudi cd vai trd quan trpng Irong thyc banh nghi Id eua Dgo Mau, mdt tin ngudng din gian ciia ngudi Viet "Sitkhdc cabdn giua ddng thdy vd nhiing nguai ddng khdc Id ve khd nang tdm linh cua hg, tuc Id khd ndng md phu eho ngudi khde, khd ndng ldm le chOa benh vd nhiiu nghi le khde" (Nguydn Thi Hidn 2004) Cac vi du ldi da phan tich eho thay nhfing nang lye dgc biel da tgo nen ma lye cho ddng thay Tit nhidn, bieu hidn ma luc cua mdi ddng tbay la khae nhau, quydn lue eiia cae ddng thay cung duoe Ihd hl?n d nhidu khia eanh da dang, dd ma luc va quyen luc ciia thiy ddng Thu chi la mdt vi du ey the Qua vide phin lich nhiing bidu hien ciia ma lye va quydn lye ma lye bai vidt cho tbay vai trd quan trpng eiia yeu td tam linh ddi sdng ciia ngudi Viet ndi ridng va nhan logi ndi chung Trong nhung bdi canh van hoa, xa hdi cy the ma ngudi la phai ddi mil vdi nhiing "dau khd ve mat thi xdc vd tinh thdn dudng nhu khdng thi kiim sodt duac" (Keyes 2006: 402), nhiing bi^n phap dirpc coi la chinh thdng khdng the "chiia tri " dupe nhiing su "dau khd" do, hp danh phai nhd eay den quydn lye cua tam linh nhu mpt each dd vupt qua sy dau khd hogc ndi nhu nhidu nha nghien eiiu van boa, dd ta each dd "bao hidm" cho eupc sdng diy riii ro eiia ngirdi nhit la bdi canh xa hpi hidn " Chii thich: (1) NhSm dam bao dao due nghien cihi ten ddng thay tfen ban dien va ten tat ca cac vien ban hoi da dupe thay ddi bai viet (2) Tu lieu phong v§n co Thu ciia tac gia (3) Ban hpi c6 the hieu la mpt mang luoi xa hpi ciia nhung ngucri thyc hanh nghi ll D^o Mau, bao gdm nguoi dung diiu la dong thay va cac vien (con nhang d^ ^ hau dang, cung van ) (4) TIT lieu phong v5n co Thim cua tac gia tgi dSn Cua Dong (Lang Son) thang 11/2013 (5) Tu lieu phong van co Tliu ciia tie gia (6) TU lieu phong win co Thu ciia tac gia (7) Mpt each noi khac cua vi^c trinh dong md phii (8) Chang h ^ , Nguyen Thj Hien cho rang len dong nhu mpt hinh thuc chiia benh tri lieu, cau tai cau loc, eau sue khoe Proschan thi gpi len dong la bao tang luu giu van hoa truyen thdng song dpng; Ngo Due Thinh Igi cho rSng len dong la san khau tam linh (9) Mupn canh tuc la mugn khong gian ciia mpt den, phu, dien nao de thi^ hien nghi le hau dong (10) Trinh giau tuc la mang trau cau va le v|t den eac den phi) tho eae vi than Dgo Mau a nhieu noi tren khap dat nuoc voi myc dich de "Cha bill m^t Me biet ten", va de xin Ipc ciia cac vj Thanh (11) Tulieu phong van ba Thanh va baTram cila tac gia (12) Chap tac la nhiing ngupi giup dong thay va ban dien vi^e phyng sy than thanh, hp c6 the lam cac cong vi^c nhu n3u com, sip le lau ehiil ban dien (13) Co nghTa la trinh dong md phii lai (14) Ten bai hpe ma co Thu d^y cho eac de tii Tai lieu tham khao Charies Keyes (2006), "Ma luc: tir doi song xa h6j den tieu siilinh thieng" Doan Thj Tuyen dich, Diic Hgnh hi^u dinh Nhung v^ denhSn hoc tdn giao, Tgp chi Xua va Nay, Nxb Da Ning, 1r 390-413 Nguyin Thi Hien (2004), "6ng dong ba d6ng: Hp la ai?° Irong Bao Miu va cac hinh thuc Shaman cac f ^ ngu& dVidtNam va Chdu A Ng6 Due Thjnh chij bien, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hpi, tr 295-307 Nguyin Thj Hien (2007), "Benh km chu^n doan va chua b^nh len dong cua ngudi Vi^f Hi$n d^i va Odng thai cua truyen ttidng Vi$t Nam: nhdng each tiep cdn nhan hoc, quyen 2, Nxb Dgi hpe quoc gia Thanh Ho Chi rulinh.tr 37-51 Nguyin Ngpc Mai (2013), Wg/w/#/en(^g/fc/ist/vag/a tn, Nxb Van hoa thong tin Ngo Due Thjnh (1996), £>90/l^u d W#/Warn, Ha Npi, Nxb V3n hoa thong tin ThS MAI THj HANH Dai hoc Su pham Ha Noi ... giiia hp vdi va each irng xu vdi than thanh, cd ca phep tac trd Ihanh mpt ddng hay mpt ddng thiy Trong phin nay, tren eo sd nhihig mo ta dan Ipc hpe thdng qua ciu chuy?n vd cudc ddi ed Thu, bai... vdi bong Thanh "cd nghia la khdng khdc gi mmh udng thudc di cho nd quen vdi vong tuhn hodn Sy" Trong ba nam, cd Thu cung nhueae Ihanh ddng Dgo Miu khac di irinh giiu'"" d ciia Cha eua M? lal... nang luc dac biel dupe hieu la kha ning lam mpt vide gi dd ma mpt ngudi binh thudng khdng lam dupe Trong phan nay, bai vidt eua ldi se lam rd nhiing nang luc dgc biel ciia ddng thiy, li giai vi hp