Ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin trong quản lý các trường đại học ngoài công lập TT TIENG ANH

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY  HOANG HAI YEN APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS HANOI- 2021 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY  HOANG HAI YEN APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES Major : Business Management Code : 9340101 SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS SCIENTIFIC ADVISORS: Prof Dr VU HUY TU Assoc Prof Dr NGUYEN LONG GIANG HANOI - 2021 DECLARATION OF ORIGINAL AUTHORSHIP I hereby declare that this doctoral thesis is a research project which constitutes my own products The data information are researched and the database is collected by myself The topic of the analysis and summary are genuine I am fully responsible for the content of the thesis Hanoi, , 2021 THE AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my most sincere appreciation to Prof Dr Vu Huy Tu and Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Long Giang for the valuable advice and critical review of my writing during the process Next, I wish to express my respect to all the teachers and lecturers of the Institute for Post-graduate for the great supports in studying and researching During the research period, the teachers, lecturers and scientists have assisted me to study by providing the data and giving instructions to understand the whole situation of IT application in non-public universities Thereby, I have the opportunity to contribute my solutions for IT application at non-public universities Hanoi, , 2021 The Author TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP ACKNOWLEDGEMENT LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES INTRODUCTION 1 RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND ACHIVEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH 2.1 Objectives of the research 2.2 Achivements of the research SUBJECTS AND SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH 3.1 Subjects of the research: 3.2 Scope of the research RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.1 Data analysis and synthesis 4.2 Professional solution 4.3 Sociological Investigation 4.4 Scientific observation .2 4.5 Discussion and exchange 4.6 Experience synthesis CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE RESEARCH STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCH CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF RELATED RESEARCH PROJECTS 1.1 FOREIGN RESEARCH PROJECTS 1.2 DOMESTIC RESEARCH PROJECTS .3 1.3 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH PROJECTS RELATED TO THE TOPIC AND THE ARISING ISSUES FOR THIS THESIS 1.3.1 Overview of research projects related to the topic 1.3.2 The arising issues for this thesis Closing of chapter CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES 2.1 FUNDAMENTAL DEFINITION 2.1.1 Non-public higher education institutions 2.1.2 Information technology and Management at the universities .4 2.2 THE CONTENTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES 2.2.1 Application of information technology at non-public universities .5 2.2.2 The contents of information technology application at non-public universities 2.2.2.3 Application of information technology in the management of facilities, equipment and financial resources 2.3 THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES 2.3.1 Objective factors 2.3.2 Subjective factors 2.4 THE FACTORS ASSURING THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES 2.4.1 The awareness of the management staff, lecturers and employees on the application of information technology 2.4.2 The human resources assuring the application of information technology .7 2.4.3 The facilities and equipment serving the application of information technology .8 2.5 THE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA OF THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES 2.5.1 Criteria for technical infrastructure 2.5.2 Criteria for management through database 2.5.3 Criteria for management software 2.6 THE EXPERIENCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION AND SUGGESTION FOR NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM 2.6.1 Application of information technology in education in Thailand 2.6.2 Application of information technology in education in Malaysia 2.6.3 Suggestions for non-public institutions in Vietnam Closing of chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM .10 3.1 THE FOUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM AND OVERVIEW OF THEIR INFRASTRUCTURE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY .10 3.1.1 The foundation and development of non-public universities in Vietnam 10 3.1.2 The current situation of information technology infrastructure at nonpublic universities in Vietnam .10 3.2 THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM .11 3.2.1 The current situation of information technology application in training management at non-public universities in Vietnam 11 3.2.2 Current situation of information technology application in the management of staff, lecturers and students 12 3.2.3 Current situation of information technology application in the management of facilities, equipment and financial resources .13 3.2.4 Current situation of information technology application in the management of training results .14 3.4 THE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSURING THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES 16 3.4.1 IT infrastructure and technical equipment 16 3.4.2 The IT resources serving the management of training 16 3.5 OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT INFORAMTION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM .16 3.5.1 Achivements 16 3.5.2 Limitations 17 Closing of chapter 17 CHAPTER 18 SOLUTIONS PROMOTING THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM .18 4.1 THE PERSPECTIVE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM .18 4.1.1 Ensuring the purposefulness of IT application in management at non-public universities in Vietnam .18 4.1.2 Ensuring the scientific properties and practicality of IT application in management at non-public universities in Vietnam .18 4.1.3 Ensuring the effectiveness and possibility of IT application in management at non-public universities 18 4.1.4 Ensuring the comprehensiveness and harmony of IT application in management at non-public universities 18 4.2 FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTIONS PROMOTING THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM .18 4.2.1 Enhancement of awareness of staff, lecturers and students about the IT application in manegement 18 4.2.2 Application of information technology in constructing training plans shall ensure the scientific properties and comprehensiveness, in conformity with the IT development of specific period 19 4.2.3 Regular organization of training courses on IT knowledge and skills in performing tasks for management officers, lecturers, and professionals 19 4.2.4 Explicit definition of the stages and areas where IT can be applied to serve management activities at non-public universities 20 4.2.5 Strengthening the implementation of digital transformation in nonpublic universities 20 4.2.6 Inspection and evaluation of IT application in management activities at non-public universities 20 4.2.7 Development and completion of IT infrastructure at non-public universities 21 4.2.8 Promotion of new software application in management .21 Closing of chapter 22 CONLCUSION 22 REFERENCES 22 APPENDIX 23 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS NO ABBREVIATION IT IR4.0 APEC WTO UNESCO FULL WRITING Information Technology Cách mạng Công nghiệp 4.0 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation World Trade Organization United Nations Educational Scientific and AEC APEC MoET Cultural Organization ASEAN Economic Community Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Ministry of Education and Training 11 the development of the education and training area Closing of chapter CHAPTER THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM 3.1 THE FOUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM AND OVERVIEW OF THEIR INFRASTRUCTURE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 3.1.1 The foundation and development of non-public universities in Vietnam In 1986, the 6th National Congress of the Party formulated a comprehensive reformation policy of the country in all fields, including education and training 3.1.2 The current situation of information technology infrastructure at non-public universities in Vietnam 3.1.2.1 Technical infrastructure The institutions have focused on the IT application in teaching and administrative management since their establishment due to the great benefits from this advancement, especially cost savings This is reflected in the investment in purchasing digital equipment and network systems to serve the needs of teaching and working, improving training quality and work efficiency 3.1.2.2 The database The current database of management fields of non-public universities is built on the basis of computerization of information into computer-based 12 management data according to each specialized area of the specialist in charge 3.1.2.3 Management software The current management work at the institutions is carried out by using various modern software 3.1.2.4 Human resources In order to improve the quality of IT application in management work, the institution focuses on recruiting qualified IT staff; at the same time, fostering and popularizing the level of informatics and IT application for the current staff The proportion of employees acquiring a master's degree and a bachelor's degree in IT are 25% and 45%, respectively 3.1.2.5 Electronic information webpage In order to publish information related to the work and activities of the institution, an electronic information page was established at the website address of the institution to help the staff and other people to look for the necessary information 3.2 THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM 3.2.1 The current situation of information technology application in training management at non-public universities in Vietnam * Application of IT in the contruction of the training plans The above survey results show that 56.0% and 25.6% of the management officers and lecturers rated "good to very good" and "normal" levels, respectively, for the IT application constructing training plans at non-public universities Table 3.4.: Summary of student survey results on the new management of students' learning activities on the basis of IT application 13 Rating Rating items Very good Qty The searching and reading of learning materials in the library after the IT application The tracking of learning and training results of a individual or a class through separate websites 17 38 % Qty 17.70 211 38.90 Good 20 Normal Qty % 21.10 22 20.90 31 Not good Qty % 31.40 22.40 28 17 % 28.80 17.80 (Source: Summary of the survey results for the thesis) For the first rating item of the above survey, 71.2% of participants rated at levels: very good, good and normal Also in second rating item at these levels, the result is 83.5% 3.2.2 Current situation of information technology application in the management of staff, lecturers and students The survey result of IT infrastructure at the non-public universities are presented below [Table 3.5] Table 3.5 Summary of IT infrastructure at non-public universities Quantity University Hanoi University of Business Desktop Private computer laptops (state- (self- funded) equipped) LAN WiFi Manage- connec- ment tions software 2745 141 54 14 Nguyen Trai University 202 150 69 20 Dai Nam University 194 161 54 15 Huu Nghi University of 298 180 61 22 Nguyen Tat Thanh University 215 157 71 15 Duy Tan University 236 174 62 and Technology Technology and Management 14 Thang Long University 275 183 77 19 Phuong Dong University 208 149 64 12 Lac Hong University 211 `159 68 10 Hoa Binh University 263 181 72 19 (Source: Summary of the survey results for the thesis) Through the survey results in [table 3.5], it can be confirmed that the current IT infrastructure system in non-public universities is relatively good and sufficient in all aspects such as: Computer system, internet, LAN, management software, auxiliary parts for transmission lines These conditions have contributed to ensuring many favorable factors in training management, especially in management of staff, lecturers and students 3.2.3 Current situation of information technology application in the management of facilities, equipment and financial resources From the survey results on management officers, lecturers and students, the percentage of participants who rated "very good" and "good" for items related to IT infrastructure in the institution was relatively high In specific, the proportion of management officers and lecturers ranges from 46.0% to 65.6% For students, it spreads from 29.1% to 52.2% The "normal" rating from management officers and lecturers ranges from 20% to 28.8%; and from students, it spread from 30.1% to 36.2% This result proves that the institutions have initially implemented a relatively effective IT application in the management of training conditions Therefore, the infrastructure for IT applications initially met the requirements 15 3.2.4 Current situation of information technology application in the management of training results In order to accurately and objectively evaluate the current situation of implementation of IT application in the management of training results at nonpublic universities today, the author first bases on the analysis of survey results from teachers, management officers on the effectiveness of this issue It showed that 43.60% of the participants rated it as "very good"; 23.6% for "good" and 20.8% for "normal" [Appendix 2] At the same time, based on the survey results among students about two items: 1) The tracking of learning and training results of individuals and the whole class through separate websites 2) The announcement of the training quality; the details are as follows [table 3.8] Table 3.8 Summary of student survey results on IT application in management of training results Rating RATING ITEMS Very good Qty The searching and reading of 17 learning materials in the library after the IT application The announcement of the training 14 quality Good % Qty 17.70 14.20 Normal Not good Qty % Qty % 211 21.10 31 31.40 28 28.80 25 31 % 25.10 31.50 (Source: Summary of the survey results for the thesis) The above results can be presented in the chart below: 29 29.20 16 60 14.2 31.5 29.2 25.1 50 38.9 40 Nội Item dung22 30 22.4 20.9 Nội dung 17.8 Item 20 10 RấtVery tốt good Good Tốt Normal Bình thường Not good Chưa tốt Figure 3.4: student survey results on IT application in management of training results Based on the above survey results, it can be concluded that currently, non-public universities in Vietnam have initially applied IT to manage training results, and it gradually brings certain effects This is demonstrated more clearly through discussions with teachers at the universities and close analysis of the process of managing students' learning and training results in each subject, semester, year and course After the exams or tests, the teacher gives the scores and submit to the Training management department, whose staff then insert the scores into a software to automatically calculate the average score of each subject, the average overall score in each period with specific ratings In addition, through this method, the software applied in the management of training results automatically gives the reviewed results to classify if the student is qualified or unqualified for the tasks of each subject; if the student can participate in graduation exams, get study rewards, or apply for scholarships, etc 17 3.4 THE ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSURING THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES 3.4.1 IT infrastructure and technical equipment - Current status of the facilities: The current facilities of non-public universities is constructed synchronously and solidly Spacious classrooms are equipped with sufficient electricity and water supply, tables and chairs, anti-glare boards, which is convenient for teaching and learning Libraries and laboratories were upgraded and built in accordance with the design standards of the Ministry of Education and Training Dormitory and canteen ensures accommodation and activities for students The system of multi-functional buildings, playgrounds, training grounds, and landscapes is comprehensively included 3.4.2 The IT resources serving the management of training At present, the IT capacity of lecturers and staff stays at a basic level which means they are capable of exploiting some features of computers, actively working with computers without depending on others Most office staff already know how to use computers at basic level to help with the management 3.5 OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT INFORAMTION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM 3.5.1 Achivements In general, institutions have been deeply aware of the position and role of IT application in management In recent years, each university has effectively implemented step by step the contents of IT application in school management In which, IT has been applied in developing training plans to ensure comprehensiveness, at all levels, contents and activities of institution management These universities are progressively meeting the general requirements of management and training 18 3.5.2 Limitations However, it can be seen that the IT application in management at nonpublic universities shows that there are still limitations and shortcomings in the past time For instance, in the IT application in developing training plans at universities, the content and timing are not really flexible, creative, and close to the actual situation In organization at some institutions, the IT application in managing student learning activities has not been fully coded and updated in a timely manner with new references and curricula to facilitate their students Closing of chapter Tại chương này, luận án trình bày trình hình thành phát triển trường Đại học Ngồi cơng lập phân tích đánh giá thực trạng hạ tầng cơng nghệ thơng tin trường Đối với khối trường chủ yếu sử dụng nguồn tài từ trường để đầu tư hạ tầng CNTT cản trở lớn nguồn thu thấp không ổn định chủ yếu từ học phí sinh viên, học viên 19 CHAPTER SOLUTIONS PROMOTING THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM 4.1 THE PERSPECTIVE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM 4.1.1 Ensuring the purposefulness of IT application in management at nonpublic universities in Vietnam 4.1.2 Ensuring the scientific properties and practicality of IT application in management at non-public universities in Vietnam 4.1.3 Ensuring the effectiveness and possibility of IT application in management at non-public universities 4.1.4 Ensuring the comprehensiveness and harmony of IT application in management at non-public universities 4.2 FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTIONS PROMOTING THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM 4.2.1 Enhancement of awareness of staff, lecturers and students about the IT application in manegement Raising awareness of management officers and employees about the IT application in management is the first step of the process, specifically the IT application in management at non-public universities First of all, it is necessary to innovate the available perspective and raise the awareness of management officers about IT and its application At present, there are two viewpoints of the management staff when deploying IT applications: investment costs and concern levels 20 4.2.2 Application of information technology in constructing training plans shall ensure the scientific properties and comprehensiveness, in conformity with the IT development of specific period A training plan fabricated on the basis of IT application is a training plan that contains the identification of IT application, specific methods and steps in IT application in each stage, each phase and each content of the training process Therefore, the essence of this solution affirms that the individuals developing training plans, while performing the work, must ensure the scientific properties and comprehensiveness; in conformity with the current trend of IT development to apply the latest achievements of IT in training management The solution should clearly indicate that the individuals developing training plans must innovate their awareness, evolve the build, organization and implementation of the training plan That means they should acknowledge the necessity to include the most appropriate and modern IT application content in the training plan In the process of developing the plan, it must be implemented synchronously and systematically according to strict hierarchy from top to bottom, from the institution to individual The organization and implementation of the plan shall be a specific assignment on the responsibilities of each individual and department 4.2.3 Regular organization of training courses on IT knowledge and skills in performing tasks for management officers, lecturers, and professionals Currently, the direct management at non-public universities is the main responsibility of the management officers at all levels, the lecturers and staff Therefore, the essence of this solution affirms that the management officer applying IT in each school have successfully organized the stages and phases of the process of fostering IT knowledge and skills in practice for management officers, lecturers For example, determining the 21 correct contents of IT knowledge and skills for managers, employees or lecturers 4.2.4 Explicit definition of the stages and areas where IT can be applied to serve management activities at non-public universities First of all, the leaders of the institutions and the consulting departments need to clearly define the stages and areas where IT can be applied It should be noted that within the non-public university the level of requirements for the application of information technology is always higher than elsewhere 4.2.5 Strengthening the implementation of digital transformation in nonpublic universities In the field of education and training, digital transformation will support educational innovation in the direction of reducing passive lectures and knowledge transfer, developing learners' capacity, increasing self-study ability, creating individualized learning opportunities The contributions are the formation of a learning society and lifelong learning The burst of technology platforms such as IoT, Big Data, AI, SMAC (social network mobile - big data analysis - cloud computing) is forming the digital education infrastructure Accordingly, many smart education models are being developed on the basis of IT application that effectively support individualization of learning (each person applies a unique curriculum and learning method fabricated automatically by IT systems); facilitate the access of the huge online database; promote the interaction between families, schools, teachers, students spontaneously 4.2.6 Inspection and evaluation of IT application in management activities at non-public universities 22 Depending on the goals, requirements and characteristics of each profession, each stage in the process of applying IT in training, it is possible to develop the form and content of inspection and evaluation criteria - When inspecting and evaluating, it must be based on legal rules, regulations, regimes and standards; the auditor must be moderately proficient in expertise and professionalism During the inspection, the inspected individuals must be respected, all inspections must have records, including the evaluation results 4.2.7 Development and completion of IT infrastructure at Non-public Universities Regular inspection, upgrade or replacement of digital devices should be made to better serve the IT application in management, ensuring that each staff is equipped with a computer perform professional work The computers must be connected to the LAN and the Internet to serve document retrieval and online manipulation Development and completion of the computer network ensure a smooth and steady network connection to serve the information retrieval and data sharing Equipment and upgrade of security systems such as using anti-virus software, firewall systems, etc help to increase security and privacy for data and computers 4.2.8 Promotion of new software application in management Development of management software will better serve the IT application in management Non-public universities own an organizational structure and operational mode that are distinctive compared to companies and enterprises; therefore, the requirements in design, development and use of management software also have many differences Currently, most 23 management software is designed for private businesses and companies; very few management software can be applied in State bodies Closing of chapter In this chapter, the author presents the viewpoint of IT application in non-public universities, which need to ensure the following criteria: purposefulness of the subject, scientific properties and practicality, effectiveness and possibility, comprehensiveness and harmony Based on this, the thesis proposed core solutions to strengthen IT application activities CONLCUSION Within the framework of a doctoral thesis, the author has studied the basic issues of IT application and limited the scope of research in the application of IT in the management of some particular activities at nonpublic universities in Vietnam IT is the tool and IT application is to exploit and make good use of this tool There are many arising issues such as the awareness raising, capacity building and equipment completing in terms of hardware and software IT application in management helps to effectively manage the resources of people, software, equipment, finance, information, databases, etc Through that, the highest efficiency in facilitating the work of management officer and lecturers is achieved, and the roles and responsibilities of training activities are properly identified REFERENCES In Vietnamese [1] Alfred North Whitehead (1929), Educational goals and other essays, translated by Hoang Phu Phuong – edited by Pham Viem Phuong [2] (2010), Times Publishing house, Ha Noi Vu Loc An (2015), “Management of information technology application in training and fostering civil servants at Le Hong Phong 24 School of Personnel Training, Hanoi City”, Education Magazine, [3] Special issue, October Vu Loc An (2018), Management and fostering of officers and civil servants at provincial political schools on the basis of information technology application, PhD Thesis in Educational Management, Academy of Politics, Ministry of National Defense LIST OF PUBLICATIONS BY THE AUTHOR 1.M.A Hoang Hai Yen, Application of simulation technology to improve training efficiency at non-public educational institutions 2019, Journal of Management Science and Technology, 2019 M.A Hoang Hai Yen, Some innovative solutions for higher education in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Business and Technology Journal, 2020 M.A Hoang Hai Yen, Information technology application enhances the efficiency of human resource management at non-public universities, Business and Technology Journal, 2019 M.A Hoang Hai Yen – Official member, Vietnam's non-public higher education in the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 through the practice of Hanoi University of Business and Technology, 2020 APPENDIX Appendix QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY For the management officers, staff of administrative department and lecturers at 10 participating non-public universities in Vietnam (Total 250 forms/250 staff/ lecturers) Appendix BẢNG TỔNG HỢP KẾT QUẢ KHẢO SÁT CỦA CÁN BỘ QUẢN LÝ, CHUYÊN VIÊN, GIẢNG VIÊN SUMMARY RESULTS ON MANAGEMENT OFFICERS, STAFF AND LECTURERES Appendix 25 QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY For the students at 10 participating non-public universities in Vietnam (Total 1000 forms/1000 students) ... phát triển trường Đại học Ngồi cơng lập phân tích đánh giá thực trạng hạ tầng công nghệ thông tin trường Đối với khối trường chủ yếu sử dụng nguồn tài từ trường để đầu tư hạ tầng CNTT cản trở... 23 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS NO ABBREVIATION IT IR4.0 APEC WTO UNESCO FULL WRITING Information Technology Cách mạng Công nghiệp 4.0 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation World Trade Organization United... tư hạ tầng CNTT cản trở lớn nguồn thu thấp không ổn định chủ yếu từ học phí sinh viên, học viên 19 CHAPTER SOLUTIONS PROMOTING THE APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN MANAGEMENT AT NON-PUBLIC