VcM sy giup dri dyng chuyen sang tien cong, Hai tiian le sau, cua Viet Nam, da xay dung dugc nhung don vj diu ngay 7 -1 -1979 giai phring Phnrim Penh va den tien cua lyc lugng \u trang y[r]
(1)NHONG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SO DANG NHAN DAN CAMPUCHIA GOI QUAN TINH NGUYEN VlfiT NAM LA "BO D O I N H A PHAT" Trung tirong LE HAI Dimg ngd}' 26-9-1989 ngdy qudn tinh nguyin Viet Nam rai Campuehig vi nude, bdo Prochichim (Nlidn Ddn) - ca quan ngon lugn aia Dang Nlidn ddn Cdch mgng Cgmpuclm dd viit: "Trong nhimg ndm arc k}' b tham dicdi chi diet chimg Pdn Pot, trin tiii gidi ndy khdng biit bao nhieu Id ke mgnh, ke gidu, nhung nhdt chi cd ngirai bgn Idng gieng ngheo Viet Nam din ci'ni sdng ddn tgc ta md thdi'' Han 20 ndm sau sukiin ndy, aid Hoi thao qudc ti "Viet Nam the ky XX" td chiiv tgi Hd Ndi ngd}' 20-9-2000, Tiin si Chay y Hiing Cd vdn Chinh phu Hodng gia Campuchia doe tham lugn dd khdtig dinh: "Diiu gi cdn dong lgi trdi tim nguifi ddn Campuchia ve Viet Nam the ky XX? Dd la long biit an, Id tinh hint nghi, Id hinh dnh vi mot ddi qudn nhd Phdt tic coi thien xa xoi din dm giiip nhdn ddn Cgmpiichig" Chi cd thi ddnh gid diing sir hoi sinh ddn tgc ky' dieu nd}' neu dot no hdu qud khimg khiep, nliung tdnplid ddo Ion md ehi Pdn Pot ddgdy rg cho ddt nicdc, xd ho moi tnidng sdng vd dgc biet Id voi ngiiui Trong ciidc ddu tranh ndy, did mgnh tuyet ddi aig tg vd bgn Id duac Idng ddn, dune ddn tin ccn: cdn did yiu chi mgng aia dich Id chi diet chimg hi nhdn ddn cam thii din tdn xuong ftnv sail bi ddnh ehioig vdn giir ngcyen ban chdt tern bgo, da man Hon 10 ndm giiip bcm Viet Nam dd thuc hien duac mot dieu k\' dieu: Giiip nhdn ddn Campuchia anh emticwv thdm eiia die diet chiing viivn len hoi sinh ddn tdc xd}> dimg time lue cdch mgng cua minh tiin len ddm dicang nhiem vii bao ve vd xd\' dung ddt mrdc vai tic thi mot nhd nude dgc lap, cd dm quyin Nlidn ddn Campuchia goi bd ddi Viet Nam la "bg dgi nhd Phdt" giip nhdn ddn Campuehig cmh em time hien cuoc hoi sinh ddn tdc vidai * Ngu\en Pho Chu nliiem Tring cue Chinh lri Quan dpi nhan dan Viel Nam, Phri Tu lenh ve chinh In quan linli nguxen Viel Nam ri Campuchia (1979-1989) 30 Quan doi vd nhdn ddn Campuchia tien Bo ti( lenh qudn tinh nguyen Viet Nam \e nuac 130-6-1988) TAP CHi LICH SO OANG - SO 2/2009 (2) NHUNG VAN OE CHONG VE LICH SU OANG Sau 30 nam chien tranh lien tiic giii phring hoan toin dat nuoc nhan dan ta dugc sring hoi binh dang drin sue hin gin cac vet thirong chien tranh khoi phuc vi xay dyng lai dat nuric thi lai phii drii phri vrii cugc chien tranh xam luge ri bien gioi Tay Nam bgn Pon Pot giy ra, Duoi sy lanh dao cua Ding, theo tu tuong Hri Chi Minh, nhin din vi quan dpi ta da tien hanh thing lgi cugc chien tranh bao \'e Tri quoc ri huong Tay Nam vi lam nhiem vu quoc te giup nhan dan Campuchia tir thing -1977 den thing -1989 Nhan dan va quan dgi ta da bio ve vung chic chu quyen va tgin ven linh tho giir vung on dinh de xay dung dat nuric, cuu mgt din trie ling gieng cuu nhan din Campuchia anh em thoit khoi hga diet chung, thyc hien hrii sinh dan trie, xay dung lai dat nuric Cugc chien tranh bao ve Tri quric o huring Tiy Nam vi lim nhiem vu quric te ri Campuchia da tri tham them tmyen thong va bin chit each mang cua quan dgi ta, ghi dau an sau sic ljch su' ve \ ang ciia Quan dgi nhan dan Viet Nam / C/;t' Pdn Pot, nguon goe gfiy thdm hga diet chiing ddi voi nhdn ddn Campuchia va chien tranh xdm hive man rg' d bien gioi Tdy Nam milk ta Chung ta crin nlio, tir ngiy - - 1975 Prin Pot di dinh phi mgt so diem tren bien girii va hai dao cua ta Trong nim 1975 chung di gay 110 \y xung dgt vii trang tren 20 dia diem dgc bien girii Nim 1976 chung tiep tuc gay 280 \ u Bgn Prin Prit xao qu\ el dinh lira ta nrii dri chi li hanh dgng cua cap durii Den 30-4-1977 Pon Pot mo cugc tien cring toan tu\'en phit dring cugc chien tranh TAP CHI LICH SO OANG-SO 2/2009 xim luge bien giai Tay Nam nuric ta, ga\ nhirng toi ac da man, khung kliiep \rii nhin dan ta Thrii gian dau mit canh giic ta bj bit ngo chim nhan ke thu vrin li dring minh chien luge cua ta chien franh giai phring djch da ga\- cho ta mgt so ton that Sau ta da giinh lai the chu dring tieu diet sinh lyc djch bio \'e lanh tho va nhan dan ta x'ira kien quyet giang ti'i djch \ ira kien tri tim cich cuu van hoa binh giir gin tinli him nghi giira hai dan tgc Nhung djch cy tiiyet mgi de nghi thuong lugng cua ta, lai "gap lua bri tay nguoi" NOI cio Viet Nam xim luge Tmric am muu dgc ic cua Pon Pot chung ta bugc phai tien hanh cugc chien tranh tir ve, chien tranh bao ve Tri quric ri huring Tiy Nam Dien bien tinh hinh ngiy cang chung tri rri ring: tap doin Prin Pot, ben thi thi hinh chinh sich diet chiing de xay dung mgt "xi hgi sach" ben ngoii thi giy chien tranli xim luge Viet Nam coi Viet Nam li "ke thii tmyen kiep" ngoan cri dinh liu dai de lam suy yeu Viet Nam Nhung tai lieu ta thu dugc sau nay, da noi ro rang nga\' trgng lien minh vrii ta khang chien chring My, tap doan Prin Pot vrii chu nghia dan trie cyc dgan da cri chu truang thu djch vcri Viet Nam Ngiy 14 - - 1975, Pan Prit chiem dugc Phnrim Penh Nhan din Phnrim Penh chua kjp to thii vui mung thi phut dau tien da bing hoang nghe lenh tir quan dgi Prin Prit: "Tit ca khoi thinh phri" Din ring, din bi, su sai, nha giao nha buon hgc sinh sinh vien bj liia di nhu nhung bay no le Nga\- 20 - - 1975, Thuring \y Tmng uong Dang Pon Pot hgp quyit djnh ba chu tmong Irin: Lam trgng sach ngi bri nhin dan 31 (3) NHUNG VAN OE CHUNG VE L|CH SO OANG Xac djnh Viet Nam la ke thu s6 1, ke thu 5.000 ngurii, bit va dua di thu tieu hon 20.000 nguoi; hang ngin tmong hgc benh vien, co sa truyen kiep Xay dyng xa hgi moi cua Campuchia y ti, nha tho, chua chiin bj dot phi, trau bri bi khring chg khong tiin, khring tmong hgc, cugp giit lua mau bj phi hoai Hang van hec ta mgng dit va drin dien cag su o 'voing bien girii khring tri thirc, khring ton giio, khring thj Cugc tiin cong xam luge Viet Nam cua tap Tay Nam bi ba hgang, nira trieu dan sat bien dgan Pon Pot tien hanh dring thoi, xen ke va phoi gioi phii bri nhi bo dit, bri mgng chay dat vi hgp chit che voi cugc nrii bg phia Dong Vin di da ring: phdi xod bo che Igc nhan dan diet chung chinh dan tgc minh, Sau diet chung Pon Pot nguyen nhdn, nguon nim thing 20 ngiy duoi che Pon Pot, theg gdc gay cugc diet chimg thdm khoe voi thong ke cua Mat trgn dodn kit ddn toe ciru nude chinh ddn tgc minh vd gay cugc chien Hanh Campuchia, bgn diet chung Pon Pot da giet hai xdm luge man rg d bien gioi Tdy Nam nude ta hgn 2.700,000 nguoi tan phi va dag Ion toan bg Chung nag crin chi diet chung Pon Pat thi dan trie Campuchia dim chim trang tham dat nuric va xa hgi Campuchia, Su khung bri va kim kep da man ciia Prin Pot (3a hga diet chung va Viet Nam khring bag giri co lam bung len hing loat cugc nrii day chring che dg hgi binh va on djnh de xay dyng Ngiy 10 - 12 - 1978, Pon P6t su' dung 10 su diet chung ri khip mgi noi tu' Dong Bic den Tay Nam ma dinh cag li Quan khu Dong, doin mo chien djch tan cong Ben Soi, Hong Kongpringchim, Pra>'veng, Xgii Rieng, Hang van Ngy, Bay Nui, Ha Tien voi muc tieu chu yeu la dan Campucliia da chay thoit sang tj nan ri Viet chiim thi xa Tay Ninh, Ngay 23 - 12 - 1978 bg Nam Nhiing nguoi lanh dao cugc nrii day chong dgi ta mg cugc phan cgng va cung voi cac lyc Pon Prit ri cic noi di hgp lai, xay dyng lai Dang lugng vri frang yeu nuoc Campuchia moi xay Nhan dan cich mang Campuchia VcM sy giup dri dyng chuyen sang tien cong, Hai tiian le sau, cua Viet Nam, da xay dung dugc nhung don vj diu -1 -1979 giai phring Phnrim Penh va den tien cua lyc lugng \u trang yeu nuric Campuchia ngiy 17 - -1979, sau 25 ngay, tat ca cac Ngay -12 -1978, Mat tran dgan ket dan trie cim pho, thj xa, thi tran tren dat nuoc Campuchia da nuric Campuchia voi Dang Nhan dan cich mang dugc hgan tgan giii phring khrii che dg diet Campuchia lam nring crit lanh dao da lap va chung; voi mgt chien djch phan cring va tien mat nlian danrimgt khu rung thugc tinh Krochie cong cri chieu sau fren 500km va chieu rgng Mat ti-an da khan thiet de nghj Viet Nam ciru giup cring tren 500km, gianh dugc thing lgi nhanh ggn, dinh tan 23 su dgan cua Prin Pot Thing lgi nlian din Caiipuchia thgit khrii hga diet chung Tap doan Pon Prit cy tuyet mgi cri ging cim ay khring phai chi dg Iring diing cim va nghe van hoa binh cua ta cang day manh chien thuat quan sy ma dieu cyc ky quan trgng la nhri tranh xam luge Ke tir thing -1975 den thing sy ung hg cua nhan dan Campuchia Khong co 12 - 1978, quan Pon Prit da giit hai hon 5.000 sy ung hg ciia nhan dan Campuchia khong the nguoi dan thirong Viet Nam, lam bi thuong gan cri toe dg nliaiih chring dri 32 TAP CHi LICH SO OANG-SO 2/2009 (4) NHLFNG VAN OE CHONG VE LICH SU OANG Tren ca cic huring cic chien sT tinh nguyen giiip nhdn ddn nude bgn thodt khoi hog diet Viet Nam dugc drin tiep bing sy vui mimg khring chung thue hien hoi sinh ddn tgc Kien quyet ke xiet cua nhung nguoi din Campuchia dugc vd kien Hi hodn thdnh mgi nhiem vii chien ddu giai phong Nhimg ngurii gii tinh Bat Dam vd giiip bgn, gidnh thdng lgi tivn ven ea ve Boong ke: "Chimg toi theo dgo Phdt ngdy dem chinh tri vd qudn sir, truoc mat vd lau ddi cdu Trdi klian Phat ciru giup, nhung ngdy ndy Mgt nhiem \y quan trgng hang diu li quin qua ngdy khdc khong thdy den Chimg toi nghi triet cho bri dgi ta tinh chdt vd muc dich chinh tren coi doi ndy ehi CO Viet Nam co the cim chimg tri cua cugc chien tranh cua ta Day li cugc tdi Qua nhien bg dgi Viet Nam da den" Bg drii ta chien tranh chinh nghTa bio ve Tri quric nhim bang hoing xuc dgng tmric sy dau kho cung cue danh bai chien tranh xam luge phuc vu chien cua nhin dan Campuchia sy da man kinh trim luge cua nuric ngoai cua tip doin Pan Prit bao cua che Prin Pot, tin mit chimg kien ve chu quyen toin ven lanh tbri, giir vung hoa nhimg gi da xiy crin khung khiep gap brii, binh rin djnh de xiy dung dat nuric, giup nhan din Campuchia thoit khrii hga diet chung giiip ngoii SU'C turing tugng cua ngurii Ngay - - 1979, lyc lucmg yeu nuric lyc lugng yeu nuric vi cich mang Campuchia Campuchia tuyen bo thinh lap Hgi dong nhdn dinh dri che Pon Pot xay dung lai dat nuric, ddn cdch mgng Campuchia, dimg dau la Chu khrii phuc tinh doan ket tmyen thring Viet Nam tich Heng Som rin - Campuchia Muc dich chinh trj cua cugc chien Sir thdng nhdt giua nhiem vii ddn tgc vd tranh big ve To quoc cua ta vi muc dich chinh nghia vii quoc te, "giiip nhdn ddn mrdc hgn Id tii cua cugc chien tranh giii phring cua ban minh tir giiip minh" thring nhat chit che, cung chong ke thii chung Curie chien tranh bio ve To quoc ri huong Tay vi lgi ich song crin cua hai dan trie Nam va murii nam giup ban ri Campuchia la cugc Trong cugc chien tranh niy, nhiem vu dan chien tranh giir nirri'c dau tien cua nhan dan la sau trie vi nghTa vu quric te la thring nhit dri li dat nuric hoan toin dric lap thring iiliat chan ly cua tu turing Ho Chi Minh: "Giiip nhdn Phuong hircing va yeu cau co ban cua cring ddn nude bgn Id minh tu giiip minh" tcic giao due chinh trj lanh daa tu turing Day la mgt cugc lien minh chien ddu giira ta suot qua trinh lien hinh chien tranh va lam va ban Luc lugng tien hinh chien tranh bao grim nhiem \LI quoc te tren dat ban li: Qudn triet ci luc lugng ta vi lyc lugng ban Vig thrii diem duong loi chu truong cua Dang, tinh chdt muc phit dgng cugc tien cring, ban di xay dung 21 dich chinh nghia cua chien tranh su thong nhdt heu doan bg binh va gin 100 dgi cong tic van giicg nhiem vii ddn tgc vd nghla vu quoc te Boi dring quin chung Lyc lugng Campuchia liic dau duong tinh thdn yen nude chdn chinh kien crin nho chua du sire ty minh dinh che diet qiiyei hao ve chu quyen vd todn ven Idnh tho chung nhimg dri li dai bieu hgp phip cho y bao ve nhdn ddn vd su on dinh cua ddt nicdc: ngmen cua nhan dan Campuchia se phat trien bdi duong tinh thdn qudc te sdng cim manh me \a timg buric dam duong cugc dau TAP CHI LICH SU OANG - SO 2/2009 33 (5) NHUNG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SO OANG tranh Hai luc lugng ta va ban deu cri vaifrriquyet dinh vi lau dai lyc lugng Campuchia la lyc lugng quyit djnh thing lgi cuii cung cua each mang Canpuchia Nga}' tu' diu Ding ta da xac dinh ro ring quan diem dri the hien tinh thin vo tu, frang sing ciia Ding vi nhan din tafrangviec giup baa thi hien tim nhin cliiin luge thim nhuan chan ly chu nghia Mac - Lenin vitirtirongHo Chi Minh: cich mang ri nuric nio phai da chinh nhan dan nuric ty lam lay, nhan dan mrii nuoc la lyc lugng cuoi cung quyet djnh van menh cugc dau tranh cich mang ciia minh Dring thoi quan diem Cling dy baofruricnhiem vy khri khan gian khri cua ta phoi hgp voi ban va giup bantiirongthanh de du SU'C ty dim duong cugc diu ti-aiih Han 23 su doin Pon Pot bj danh tan chay ve bien gicri Tay, Tay Bic va rut via mgt so vung rung nui trang ngi dja Campuchia Voi sy giiip dg cua ben ngoai va tir nhiing cin cu' ben bien girii, chung tap hgp lai lyc lugng, to chuc phin kich, khung bri nhan din, cing tang ve quy mo va curing dg dat nhan dan Campuchia vira dugc giai phring tm'oc nguy co che diet chung quay trri lai Dang Nhan dan each mang va Nha nuric Campuchia the theo nguyen vgng kliin thiet cua nhan dan Campuchia chinh thu'c de nghj Chinh phu ta di quan tinh nguyen vi chuyen gia quan sy Viet Nam lai mgt thrii gian giup ban big ve qua each mang va xi}' dyng lyc lugng mgi mat Dang ta da cri quyet djnh rat dung din dap ung yen cau cua ban nhat qu}'it khong di cha chi dp Pon Pot quay tra lai du cha cic thi lyc thii djch xu}'en tac, \ai khong, ga}' sire ep nhiiu mat \d\ ta Chu tmong cua Dang da dugc quan triet thong suot frang toan the can bg chiin sT va ^^ chu\'en gia quan sy, Khi ban chua du su:c giu- ma ta nit \'e thi bgn Prin Pot lap tire phan cring lap lai ich thring trj cua chung, Tinh hinh se dien nhu the naa? Cugc diet chung moi se tin bao gap bgi vi quan Prin Pot lai ip sit bien girii Viet Nam tiep tiic cugc chien franh tgi ic chring Viet Nam Cic tinh dring bing song Cim Lang Dong Nam Bg, Tay Nguyen va ca mien Nam tiep tuc khong on djnh, that bai cua lyc lugng yeu nuric va tien bg se gay chan dgng voi ban be khich le cac the lyc thu djch chring phi ta tir nhieu mat Cin bg va chien sT ta vira hgin thing lgi cugc chien franh giai phring dan tgc tiuong ky lai phai buoc vag cugc chien tranh bao ve Tri quoc chang bgn phin bgi Prin Prit Dat nuac eon dang sire han gin vet thuong chien tranh chong My, gap biet baa khri khan mgi mat, doi song nhan dan can thieu thrin, gia dinh hau phuong bg dgi chua rin djnh Tamfrangcua bg dgi vi chuyen gia quan sy sau giup ban danh dri chi diet chung, giii phring dit nuoc, deu mang muon dugc trof ve To quric, y nguyen la tir nhien tir nguoi chi huy caa cip din chien sT moi Cong tic chinh trj, tir tirong da quin triet chu tmong cua Dang, dgng vien bg dgi, nhan ro tinh hinh, kien quyit va kien tri giiip ban Bg dgi ta da nhanh chring xic djnh ro thai dg, thong suot nhiem vy Can bg, chiin sT mot don vj chit bien gicfr phia Tay Campuchia dugc hrii vi sag bg dgi ta phai din tan day chiin diu, da fra lai: "Giiip bgn la tu giiip minh, ta khong giiip bgn ddnh Pon Pot a day thi lgi phai vi ddnh Pon Pot d bien gioi ta nhu Hudc day thoi kho khan ldm vd ddn ta se kho ldm" Cin bg vi chiin sT lim nhiem vu a viing Dong Bic Campuchia thi nrii: "Ta tdn biet hao TAP CHI UCH SO OANG-SO 2/2009 (6) NHUNG VAN OE CHONG VE LICH SO OANG cong sire, xuong mdu moi ddnh tan dugc bgn diet chung Khi ta len ddy, ddt nude Campuchia fan hoang, nhdn ddn kiet que, hay gid dang hoi sinh tro lgi vd cay vdo 17c^/ Nam le ndo ta lgi riit ve de ddt nude vd nhdn ddn ndy lgi roi vdo tay Pon Pot" Thrii a\' ciu nrii hing ngiy cua cin bg, chien sT quan tinh nguyen vi chuyen gia quin sy la "Giiip bgn la tu giup minh" Biet ring tiep tuc a lai li phii chju nhieu hy sinh, gian khri, nhung tu luring vT dai cua Bic Hri, bin chit each mang cua quin dgi nhin din da giup bg dpi ta thring surit chu truong vi ty giic chap hinh nhiem vu nhieu don vj nhring nim sau dri, bri dgi vi chuyen gia quin sy da tich cue lam trit nhiem vu chien diu, giup din, giiip ban cho den curii ciing ri tren dit ban truric trri ve To quoc Cugc lien minh chien dau giira ta va ban fren dat Campuchia se phit tiien nhu the nio? Se dat den nhung muc tieu cu the nia vi se giinh thing lgirasao? Dau nim 1983 Tmng uong Ding Nhan din each mang Campuchia xac djnh ba muc tieu chien luge cua each mang Campuchia li: Tiep tuc lam cha Pon Pot tan vi suy tin han nira Xay dung lyc lugng each mang Campuchia ngiy cing Ion manh ve mgi mat, tir dam duong dugc nhiem vy big ve thinh qua each mang vi xiy dung dat nuri'c trri thinh lye lugng qu\ el djnh thing lgi curii cung cua cich mang Campuchia Tang curing doin ket lien minh Viet Nam - Campuchia len mgt buric mrii tren co so the \a lire mrii virng manh hon Ba muc tieu niy TAP CHI LICH SU OANG-SO 2/2009 quan he chit che v(fr mi muc tieu thir hai la cabin nhat Ve phia ta, Bg Chinh trj BCHTU" Ding ta ciing xac djnh ba muc tieu chien luge cua ban li phuang hu(frig gianh thing lgi cua each mang Campuchia dong thai li ngi dung nhiem vu quoc te cua quan tinh nguyen va chu}'en gia ta Thrii gian dugc xic djnh tir den nam Dat dugc ba muc tieu li gidnh thdng lgi quyet dinh, ta co the riit ve nuoc mgt cdch chii dgng Nhu vay, ri Campuchia da hinh thinh ro hai y chien luge cua djch vi cua ta - Y cua Pon Pot, cua doi phuang la: Ting curing sire ep ve mgi mat, bugc Viet Nam phii nit khrii Campuchia lyc lugng cich mang Campuchia sup Pon Prit quay frri lai, Campuchia trri dja bin de Pon Prit tiep tuc chring phi Viet Nam Y dri cua ta va ban la: Thyc hien chg dugc ba muc tieu chien luge, ban manh len va dimg vung, qui cich mang dugc bao ve, Viet Nam chu dgng nit quan, bien girii Tiy Nam nuric ta vung ving, mien Nam dugc on djnh tinh doin ket tmyen thring Viet Nam - Campuchia dugc giir vung dim bao hoi binhrindjnh giira hai nuric lang gieng Ba muc tieu chien luge chinh li ngi dung cua thing lgi quyet djnh cua ban vi ta Cong tic ding, cong tac chinh trj da quin triet cho bri dgi vi chuyen gia, xay dyng quyet tam, kien quyet vi kien tri giinh chg dugc thing lgi quyet djnh, dri li nghTa vu quric te va cung la nhiem \i.i dan trie cua chung ta Khic vcri thrii ky chong Phip, chring My tmric di}', ta lim nhiem vu quric te giup ban tinh hinh nuoc Cgng hoi nhan dan Campuchia da dugc lap, da cri vj the mgt 35 (7) NHUNG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH Slj OANG nha nuric dgc lap, cri chu quyen Van de dan tgc \a quan he dan trie tra nen rat nhay cam Ta trin trgng dgc lap chu quyen va cic quyet djnh cua ban tim hieu thyc te nim virng during lrii chinh sich cua ban \'an dung kinh nghiem cua ta de giup ban cha phu hgp tag dieu kien de ban giuong cao nggn eg dgc lap, xay dyng cha dugc quan he tin cay binh ding giira ta va ban Do la sy thu thach rat Ion ban ITnh chinh trj cua cin bg chien sT \'i chuyen gia ta Qui tiinh giup ban lau dii cring la qua trinh thuong xuyen vi lien tuc giao due quan diem cua Dang ta, cua Bac Hri ve binh dang dan trie, ton trgng ban, tao dieu kien cho ban phit huy ning lyc va tri me cua minh dau tranh vcri djch va hrii sinh dan trie, xiy dyng dit nuac Dri cung la qua trinh thuring xu}en dau tranh chong mgi bieu hien cua tu tuang nuoc Ion, ban an, thieu tin tirong va ton trgng ban Trgng thrii gian dai lam nhiem vy tren dat ban mac du cri liic cri ngi khuyet diem vap vip nhung nhin chung bg dgi vi chuyen gia ta da chap hanh nghiem tuc chu truong quan diem cua Dang, xi}' dung dugc quan he dring chi anh em tin ci}' thim thiet \'oi ban coi sy truong thinh cua ban li thuric dg hoan nhiem vy cua minh Giiip nhdn ddn Campuchia hoi sinh ddn tgc, qudn tinh nguyen Viet Nam ldm chirc ndng dgi qudn chien ddu, dgi qudn cong tdc van dgng qudn chiing Hen qiiy mo cd nuac Campuchia Quan tinli ngmen \oi so lugng dring haat dgng tren dien rgng, tir bien gicii den ngi dja Campuchia trang thai gian dai, van de xay dyng moi quai he tot dep \'oi nhan dan Campuchia la \an de cot loi qu}et dinh thing lgi 36 Danh djch va cuu dan la hai viec cap bich nhu Nhiiu nguoi dan da dugc criru song sip bj bgn Prin Pgt hinh quyet, nhieu ngurii kiet su'c da dugc hg dgi ta khieng cing dua vi Tren tain bg dit nuac Campuchia viia dugc giii phring, bg dgi Viet Nam chuyen gia Viet Nam vi ban Campuchia da giup hang chuc van, hing hieu dan tieu drii khat, timg dgan, timg dgan nguri'i tro^ ve que cir, noi ma bgn Prin Pgt da bugc hg phii roi bri dau cung phii cim drii, cuu dau, giup dan bit tay vio sin xuat va lam lai nha cira, lap benh xa, khoi phuc tmong hgc, chua chien Thau hieu tinh cinh khri khin cua nguoi dan Campuchia, nhieu chien sT va chuyen gia Viet Nam dugc phii ve nuric dem nhung giong lua hat rau tot cua que huong minh sang giup timg gia dinh, tung xom ap o Campuchia Cac chien sT ta cam thu bgn Pon Pot giet hai da man dong bio minh nhimg khong he co bat cir hanh dgng tri thii nag doi vai tu binh, hang binh Tu binh, hang binh Prin Pot dugc doi xu' nhan dao nhung ngurii bj thuong dugc cim chira va giup trri ve que nhung nguoi khoe manh dugc giig due va cho tro lai rung ggi tan quan Prin Prit hing Ban dau viec da lam chg nguai dan Campuchia von het sire cim thu Pon Pot ngac nhien, kho hieu, khong dong tinh sau da hieu va cam phuc chinh sach nhan dao cua bg dgi Viet Nam Tir do, viec keu ggi binh sT Pon Pot tro ve voi nhan dan da tro mgt quoc sach cua Nha nuac Campuchia va tro mgt phgng trig quan chung rgng rai that sy cri y nghia chien luge Ngay tu' dau qmet djnh de quan tinh nguyen d lai giup ban Dang ta da xac djnh: TAP CHI UCH SIJ OANG-SO 2/2009 (8) NHONG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SO OANG Giiip bgn van dgng qudn chiing de ndm ddn mua thing lgi vugt qua dugc nan drii Sang nam xd}- dimg CO so vimg mgnh, dap tan dm mini 1981 di tien hinh biu Quric hgi Dang Nhin gidnh ddn, gidnh chinh quyen eo so cua dich Id dan cich mang hgp Dai hgi lin thir IV \ i ca nhiem vii hdng ddu vira cdp bach vira ca bdn nuric hen hinh biu chinh qm'en cich mang g Idu ddi Dang di tin tuong quan dgi ta, vrii bin eg sri Tir boat dring srii noi cua nhan dan chat, tmyen thong Quin dgi nhin dan Viet cao trio hrii sinh din trie, da srim hinh thinh ba Nam dgi quin chien dau, dgi quan cring tic phong trdo hdnh dgng cdch mgng cua qudn quan chiing Dang vi Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh ehiing Dri la phong trio dinh djch \ i lam djch sang lap vi giio due voi Iring yeu nuoc nong van, phong trio sin xuat va on djnh drii song, nan va tinh than quoc te sing, cri the hoan phong trio xiy dyng lyc lugng cich mang nhiem vu chua cri tien le lich su Nhung phong trio ni}' vi nhung lgi ich thiet na\' Ke djch sue kich dgng van de din trie than, song crin hing ngi}' cua dan nen dugc giu'a Viet Nam vi Campuchia ljch su de lai, nhan dan huring ung lan rgng khap cac dja khgi day tam ly dan trie hep hrii dan trie cue phuong Ba phong trio cich mang cua quin doan, vu cao Viet Nam xam luge, bja dit nguy chung da tro thinh bien phdp chien luge de CO Viet Nam dring hoi vi tieu diet giring nrii thuc hien ba muc tieu chien luge Campuchia Chung hy vgng kich dgng nhan De bri drii ta lim trit cring tic van dgng nhin din Campuchia tien hinh mgt cugc chien tranh din Campuchia dieu quan trpng truric het la du kich rgng khip chring Viet Nam giio due quan diem nhin thirc dung din ve Chap hinh chu truong cua Daig quan tinh nhan dan Campuchia dau tranh khic phuc nguyen da giup ban cung vrii lyc lugng ban dau nhung dinh kien sai lim xi}' dung Iring tin vao ciia ban van dgng nhin dan Camuchia tren qu}' nhan dan Campuchia Viec die biet quan trgng mo ca nuric, doi vcri timg xa, ap vu'a danh dich la thuong xuyen cung co k}' luat bg dgi vira giiip dan, van dgng nhan dan dinh djch lam quan he \oi dan chap hanh nghiem nhung dieu dich van xi}' dimg dan quan xi}' dung chinh qii}' djnh Bri dgi ta lam cring tic van dring nhan quyen cic doin the quin chiing gin bri \rii nhin din nuric ban, gap khri khin Irin sy khic biet dan ban nhu doi vrii chinh nhin din minh Trong ve ngrin ngii: ve vin hoi vi phong tuc tap quan luc lugng ban crin mong ta su dung lyc lugng Chinh la bing nhung viec lam thiet thyc dinh quin tinh ngu}'en cung voi ban lap nhung drii vu dich bio ve din, giup din di lim cho din tin trang cring tic quan chung \u'a dinh djch \ira bp dpi Viet Nam tin cich mang cim hoi dugc ke thu danh bai chien tranh tam ly cua djch lam dan \'an xi} dung eg sri' Ta phrii hgp \oi ban tich cue van dgng dan Vrii sy giup dri cua quin tinh ngu}en vi on dinh cu(ic song vi thue hien cic chu tmong, chuyen gia cic cip ban da tmong thinh timg chinh sich cua cich mang Tiep theo thing lgi buric ty dam duong viec chi dao \ i thuc hanh quan su nam 1979 nam 1980 nhan dan xi} dung cung cri co so ap xa theo mot he Campuchia da lap mgt ky tich, gianh mgi vu thring tir tmng uong den tinh va huyen TAP CHI LICH SU OANG-SO 2/2009 37 (9) NHUNG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SO OANG Trong mgt cugc hgp can bg quan tinh ngm'en Phip va chong My bg dgi ta da thay o^ hg vi chu}'en gia quan sy, Tong Bi thu Le Duan da nhihig dire tinh trit dep: can cu lao dgng dung nrii: Che Pon Pot coi nhdn ddn Campuchia la cim chiin diu chan thanh, thuy chung giup no le nhu site vat, nhdn ddn dicgc giai phong,bg dgi ta Cong tic tir tirong da thuong xuyen dugcti'dlgi lam ngiroi Dieu co y nghia that togiio due urin nin, xay dyng long tin vao kha Ion Cdn bg, chien si qudn dgi ta dirge gido due ning nhan dan Campuchia, Mgt dan tgc da cri Idng yeu mrdc, yeu chit nghia xd hot voi tu thechir viit tir thi ky thu IX cri nen van minh qudn dgi nhdn ddn mgt nuoc xd hgi chu nghia anh Angcg huy hgang, da timg dgan ket lien minh em phai ldm tot cong tdc van dgng qudn chiing vi giup Viet Nam lam nen thing lgi cua hai giiip nhdn ddn nude bgn xdy dimg lgi cugc sdng cugc khing chiin chring Phip va chring My, xdy: dimg ehe moi tir eo so Chi co Qudn dgi dan trie ay cri sue manh tg loti ciia minh nhdn ddn Viet Nam, Dang ta Idnh dgoti'diqua Dugc giii thoit khrii che dg diet chung voi sy giup cua quan tinh nguyen va chuyen gia, mcry chuc ndm Idm nhiem \n.i gidi phong ddn tgc vd Idm nhiem vw quoc te voi long nhdn di cam thong nhan dan Campuchia da day len mgt cao trio sdu sdc vol nhdn ddn Campuchia vica qua thamquan chung hoi sinh timg nguoi tung gia dinh hga, yeu thuong nhdn ddn nude bgn nhu yeu timg thrin ap vi hrii sinh loan dan tgc Chinh la thuong chinh nhdn ddn minh, chi co qudn dgi tatrong cao trio ay ma ta giup ban xay dyng cic doan the quan chung yeu nuoc: doin moi CO the lain dugc nhu vdy Bang cong tic van dring cich mang trgng nien, dgi thieu nien, hgi phu nir, cac tri dgin ket nhan dan, chien dau de bio ve dan, giup nhan sin xuat, cac thinh vien ciia Mat tran doan ket dan nhung viec thiet thyc quin tinh nguyen va dan trie cim nuac Campuchia, sau dri doi ten chuyen gia quan sy Viet Nam da grip phan Mat tran doin ket dan tgc xay dyng va cung co tinh doin ket tm}'en thong giu'a nhin bio ve To quoc Dri li eo sd chinh tri vd luc dan hai nuric hai dan trie, de lai long biet on vi lugng chinh tri ciia nhan dan, tir ta da giup nhung tinh cim tot dep dong dao nhan ban xay dyng luc luong vu trang qudn chimg, dan quan, tir ve va tijyen quan xay dyng cac luc dan cac dan tgc Campuchia, Giiip bgn tir phong trdo nhdn ddn nui xaylicong vii trang dia phuong, cic dgi \ai trang dimg liiv hrgng vu tiwig nhdn ddn du siiv tir bdo vecong tic quan chung, va cac don vi chu luc ma Klii ta bit dau giup ban, mgt cau hrii dit nong cot li cac tieu doan da tham gia vao cugc ga}' gat: Tu' diem xuit phit la cgn sri khong, voi tien cong chien luge dap tan che dg Prin Pot hau qua khung khiep cua che dg diet chung, lieu nhan dan Campuchia cri the xay dyng dugc lyc lugng cua chinh minh du sire ty dim duong la}' sy nghiep each mang chong lai ke thu dgc ac? Trai qua thyc tien gan gui \'6i nhan dan Campuchia qua hai cugc khang chien chong 38 Ciing chinh fren eg sri chinh tii va lyc lugng chinh tii ay, chung ta di giup ban phat hien tap hgp va dag tag hing nghin cin bg tirfrgngphgng tiig quan chung de cung cri chinh quyen cic cap Tir chri sg Pon Pot nhan dan da dung da\', dim dinh Pon Pot dan quan tir \e phit trien diu TAP CHl LICH SU OANG-SO 2/2009 (10) NHONG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SU OANG khap Liic dau chi cri 21 tieu doin lim chirc ning \u trang tu}-en tm}'en den nim 1985 ban di xiy dung dugc luc lugng vu frang nhan din grim ba thir quin cri cac su doin chu lyc cic don \j binh chung he thong co quan chi huy va lanh dao tu' trung uong den co so cic lyc lugng vii trang dja phuang vira danh djch vua van dring quin chung xay dung eg sri, vcfr mgt dgi ngii cin bg dugc dio tao g cac tmring frgng va nggai nuric, dugc ren lu}'en thu'thich trgng chien diu Nrii chung, buoc di cua viec giup ban li tir cho lain giup, den giup ldm vd cuoi ciing Id bgn ldm ta giiip, roi bgn tu ldm Idy Diu dit ban chien dau, phoi hcrp vrii ban, tao dieu kien cho ban tm'ring thinh li tieu chi hoin thinh nhiem vu ciia can bp vi cac don vj quan tinh nguyen Den nim 1983 ban da ty dim duong dugc nhiem vu bio ve hai thinh Ion li thii Phnrim Penh va cang Kongpongsoni Nim 1984 ban tu dam duong dugc nhiem vu big ve them tinh: Svayiieng, Priyveng, Kongpongcham Kaidal vi mgt so huyen cic tinh khic Nim 1985 ban tu dam dirong dugc mgt phan tren tu}'en bien gioi Canpuchia - Tliii Lan Quan triet Nghj quyet Bri Chinh tri vi Quan iiy Trung ugng Hgi nghj Ban can sy Dang Bg tu lenh 719 (phien hieu cua Bg Tu lenh quan tinh nguyen) da xic dinh: ndm 1986-1987 tap trung giiip bgn gidnh thdng lgi eo ban ca muc tieu chien luge, dug cdch mgng Campuchia tien tdi on dinh virng chdc han tu dam duong dugc nhiem vu Ihang - 1985 cin cu tinh hinh thyc te ta \a ban da nhat tri ke hgach: den nim 1987 lire hrgng xii trang Campuchia tu dam dugng nhiem \ u bao \'e dat nucVe quan tinh ngu} en TAP CHI LICH SU OANG-SO 2/2009 Viet Nam tiep tuc rut cho den nim 1990 thi rut het Dau nam 1988, viec thyc hien muc lieu chien luge phit trien tich cyc ta \'a ban da nhat tri nit quin tinh ngm'en va chuyen gia sdm hon ke hogch dir dinh Ngi}' - - 8 le tien frgng the Bri Tu lenh vi cic eg quan 719 ve nuric dien tai sin bay Phnrim Penh vrii van nhin dan Campuchia tham du va 200 nhi bao cac nuric Cung thrii gian van quin tinh nguyen cung hoin thinh nhiem vu trri ve To quric Lyc lucpng crin lai cua quan tinh ngu}'en Chinh phu Cong hoi nhan dan Campuchia quan ly va clii dao chung Ngay 26 - -1989 nhung luc lupng cuoi cung cua quan tinh nguyen da len dirong trri ve To quoc Nhung le tien dua quan tinh nguyen vi chuyen gia qhin sy Viet Nam Phnrim Penh va cic dja phuong vrii sy tham du cua dring dio nhan din Campuchia vi cic nhi linh dao Tmng uong vi dja phuang Campuchia di li nhung ngiy hrii quan chung het sire trpng the va cam dgng mimg quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam hoan thing lgi nhiem vu dan trie vi nghTa vu quric te trri ve Tri quric mung luc lugng cich mang cua nhin dan Campuchia da Irin manh tiuong thinh ty minh dung vung bio ve thing lgi qui each mang Dri la nhung curie bieu duong vo ciing an hrgng tinh dgin ket huu nghj giira nhan din hai nuric anh em trai qua bao thing tram, sring giri van dom hoa ket trai Trong thoi gian quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam \e nuric dich da dric toin bg luc lugng lien hanh phan kich surit tu' miia mua 1989 den miia khri 1991 hy \'gng giinh thing lgi bing quan sir Khi ty minh duong dau vrii cugc phan kich IcVn cua 39 (11) NHONG VAN OE CHONG VE LICH SO OANG djch mua kho nim 1991 Quan dgi nhan dan kinhte, chinh tri, ngogi giao tgo cho ddt nude Campuchia vi nhan din Campucliia vrii no lyc ta mgt cue dien moi, mgt the moi thiic day sir rat Ion di be gay cugc phan cong chien luge nghiep xdy dimg vd bao ve To quoc thdng lgi" dinh tan nhihig lyc lugng tip quan frgng Vi nhiem \ai thieng lieng bio ve To quoc \i cua Pon Pot Khong hy vgng gianh thing lgi nghia vy quric te voi nhan din Campuchia can bang quan sy doi phuong phai chap nhan ngung bg vi chien sT quan dgi ta da lien tiic chien dau bin thyc hien giii phip chinh tri riJ thing - 1977 den thing - 1989, tu bien Tu diem xuit phit li so khong ba muc gioi Tay Nam To quoc den bien gioi phia Tay,, tieu chien luge cua cdch mgng Campuchia co Tiy Nam Tay Bic va khip dat nuric ban dugc hodn thdnh Quin tinh ngm'en Viet Campuchia Danh giic, bao ve dan ta tren bien Nan da lamfrrinnhiem \y giup ban Luc lugng gioi nuric ta, rrii cung ban dinh giic cuu dan \'a yeu nuric vi cich mang Campuchia da dring \'ai bio ve dan Campuchia tren nuoc ban bg dgi ta trri' lire lugng cuoi cung quyet djnh thing lgi da \Trgt qua nhirng thir thach quyet liet trgng Thing lgi tg Ion dri dit nen tang cho sy nghiep chien dau voi quan thu hiem ac va ci chong diufranhlau dai ciia nhin dan Campuchia chgi vrii thoi tiet hau khic nghiet Tren mpi Bp Chinh hi Dang ta da danh gia; "Thdng mien dat nuac Campuchia, quan tinh nguyen lgi cua cugc chien tranh bao ve To quoc hirdng Viet Nam vi chuyen gia Viet Nam da hoa Tdy Nam vd muoi ndm giiip bgn Campuchia la minh gin bri voi nhin dan cim dan giup dan, thdng lgi giir nude ddu tien cua nhdn ddn ta bio \'e dan vi ciing dugc nhin din Campuchia ddt nuoc hodn todn dgc lap thong nhdt, bao ve yeu men, tin cay, giup Biet bao can bp, dgc lap chu quyen todn ven Idnh tho cua To chien sT da nga xuong hoac mang thuong tich qu()c ddnh bgi mgt buoc quan trgng dm mini cuoc chien dau voi thofi gian dii va khring lain suy yeu lau ddi ddt mrdc ta, dam bao cho gian rong \6t\ nhu vay ddt nude ta truoc het Id cdc tinh phia Nam giu Thing lgi cua cugc chiin tranh bio \'e Tri dugc hod binh on dinh de han gdn vet thuong quric g huong Tay Nam vi muoi nam giup ban chien tranh khoi phuc kinh te cung co co so Campuchia da dinh diu mgt buoc phit trien chinh tri ndng cao doi song nhdn ddn" moi ban chit each mang vi tmyin thong ve "Qudn tinh nguyen vd chuyen gia Viet Nam vang cua quan dgi ta, Nhan tri hang diu qu} riit ve nuoc voi tu the hodn thdnh nhiem vu sdng dinh thing lgi li during lrii chu truong dung ngoi chinh nghla Luc lugng yeu nude vd tien bg din cua Dang ta, la tu tuong Hri Chi Minh \T Campuchia tu minh dimg vimg ti-udc su tien dai ve sy thong nhit giira nhiem \'u dan trie \a cong cua cdc the luc thii dich Hai nhdn to dy Id nghia \y quric te la Iring \ eu nuric \'eu chu hieu hien noi bat cua thdng lgi cue ky quan trgng nghTa xa hgi nring nan gin liin voi tinh than cua cugc chiin tranh bao ve To quoc o huong quric te sing da tao nen dgng lyc chinh tri Tm' Nam vd muoi ndm giiip bgn dd gop phdn - tinh than to Ion, manh me cua quin dgi ta cua ximg ddng cimg voi nhimg thdnh tini tong hgp ve quan tinh ngu}-en Viet Nam vi cua loan dan ta 40 TAP CHi UCH S U O A N G - S O 2/2009 (12)