chuyên đề một số mẫu câu cơ bản để làm dạng bài viết lại câu cho học sinh lớp 10, 11

TRƯỜNG THPT NAM TRỰC CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM TỔ TIẾNG ANH Độc lập - Tự - Hạnh phúc BÁO CÁO CHUYÊN ĐỀ SỐ MỘT SỐ MẪU CÂU CƠ BẢN ĐỂ LÀM DẠNG BÀI VIẾT LẠI CÂU CHO HỌC SINH LỚP 10, 11 I Mô tả giải pháp Hiện trạng Xuất phát từ thực tiễn dạy học ngoại ngữ, kỹ viết kỹ quan trọng đòi hỏi học sinh viết phải kết hợp nhiều yếu tố từ vựng, ngữ pháp, văn phong … Hầu hết kiểm tra đề thi Tiếng Anh có dạng viết lại câu cho nghĩa không thay đổi so với câu cho sẵn, thi dành cho thí sinh có trình độ tiếng Anh giỏi dạng mà nhiều học sinh cảm thấy khó dễ bị mắc lỗi Viết lại câu dạng tập phổ biến thực hành ngữ pháp tiếng Anh Mục đích viết lại câu luyện cho người học khả tư ngôn ngữ diễn đạt ý với cách khác nhau, nhằm chuyển tải tốt ý cần diễn đạt đến người nghe Có thể nói, viết lại câu dạng "đáng sợ" hầu hết thí sinh Rất nhiều thí sinh điểm cách khơng đáng có phần Vì lại "đáng sợ"? Bởi địi hỏi người học phải thực hiểu vấn đề Với dạng tập chọn A, B, C, D, học sinh không hiểu ghi điểm nhờ may mắn Với dạng điền từ vào chỗ trống, học sinh điền từ em khơng hiểu đầy đủ câu Nhưng với dạng học sinh khơng hiểu câu em làm trọn vẹn Vì lý trên, nên thân tơi ln suy nghĩ tìm phương pháp cho em dễ tiếp cận, hiểu để áp dụng làm dạng tập tốt Mục đích Giúp cho học sinh lớp 10, 11 đặc biệt học sinh lớp 10 tiếp cận thực hành làm dạng viết lại câu tốt hơn, giúp cho học sinh đạt điểm cao kỳ kiểm tra kỳ thi Giải pháp a Những lỗi phổ biến học sinh làm Trước đưa giải pháp cụ thể, xin đưa số lỗi phổ biến mà học sinh thường mắc phải làm dạng Một số lỗi hay gặp viết lại câu : + Không hiểu nội dung câu + Làm cẩu thả +Có thể viết thiếu mạo từ,nhầm số ít,số nhiều, + Viết lại gợi ý khác +Trong câu viết lại thường gợi ý để bạn viết lại theo từ cụm từ có sẵn, bạn cần tuân thủ yêu cầu đề muốn kiểm tra xem bạn có biết cách diễn đạt theo ý không không yêu cầu bạn diễn đạt tự Ví dụ: I like cooking (KEEN) => I’m keen on cooking Nếu bạn viết thành I don't mind cooking, câu khơng điểm bạn khơng thực u cầu đề b Giải pháp Khi viết lại câu, dựa vào từ mà đề cho sẵn học sinh định hình cấu trúc tương đương để viết lại câu cho nghĩa không thay đổi Với dạng tập này, luyện tập nhiều cấu trúc, học sinh giải dễ dàng Tôi xin đưa bước làm dạng viết lại câu dựa từ cho sẵn + Bước 1: Đọc thật kỹ câu gốc, cố gắng hiểu trọn vẹn ý câu này, để ý xem có cấu trúc ngữ pháp bật khơng, ý đến từ khóa “keyword” , ví dụ “ enough…”,“…not only… but also…”, “… so … that …”, …)…; Xác định loại câu (trực tiếp, gián tiếp, chủ động, bị động…); xác định chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, loại động từ; xác định động từ, thể động từ (chủ động hay bị động); tìm cấu trúc tương đương, hay từ loại khác chúng hay thành ngữ có nghĩa tương đương +Bước 2: Đọc kỹ từ cho sẵn câu biến đổi Đây lúc vận dụng cấu trúc học, cơng thức tích lũy học, áp dụng viết lại câu có cấu trúc khác mà giữ ý nguyên vẹn câu cho sẵn + Bước 3: Thông thường, sau định hình cơng thức để biến đổi, học sinh cảm thấy nhẹ nhõm, viết mạch cho xong, mà không đọc lại câu liệu có khơng? Cho nên, bước này, học sinh phải đọc lại câu vừa biến đổi, ý điểm ngữ pháp vô bản:  Với động từ, chia chưa, có cần phải chia thể bị động với khơng? Liệu có phải thêm/ bớt chữ ‘NOT’ để câu biến đổi hợp nghĩa khơng?  Với danh từ, liệu có cần phải thêm S/ES khơng?  Với tính từ, trạng từ có cần phải biến đổi ngược nghĩa cho phù hợp không? … II Một số cấu trúc viết lại câu phổ biến S + began/started + to V/ V-ing + time ago : bắt đầu làm Viết lại thành mẫu câu : S + have/has + PII / been V-ing+ for / since … Ví dụ: She began to play the piano years ago => She has played/ has been playing the piano for years S + last + Ved + time+ ago: Lần cuối làm Viết lại thành mẫu câu : => S + have/ has +not+ PII + for + time => It’s + time+ since + S + last + V-ed => The last time + S + V-ed+ was + time + ago Ví dụ: It last snowed weeks ago => It hasn’t snowed for weeks => It’s weeks since it last snowed => The last time it snowed was weeks ago This is the first time + S +have/has + PII: Lần đầu làm Viết lại thành mẫu câu : => S +have/ has + never + PII+ before => S+ have/ has not+ PII+ before Ví dụ: This is the first time I have met him => I have never met him before => I haven’t met him before This is the Superlative (Adj + est / most ADJ +N) S +have/has + PII Viết lại thành mẫu câu : => S +have/ has + never + PII+ such a/an+ ADJ+ N => S+ have/ has never+ PII+ a more + ADJ+ N than this Ví dụ :This is the most interesting novel I have ever read => I have never read such an interesting novel => I have never read a more interesting novel than this (one/ novel) S + Be/V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to something: Quá làm Ví dụ: - The top shelf is too high for the children to reach - He ran too fast for me to follow S + Be/V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V+O: Quá mà Ví dụ: - The top shelf is so high that the children can not reach it - He ran so fast that I could not follow him Chú ý: Trong cấu trúc So… that: vế sau that mệnh đề nên cần có thêm O sau V nên ta có reach it follow him, cấu trúc “too” khơng Cịn cấu trúc S + Be/V + so + many/much/little/few +N + that + S + V + O Ví dụ: She has so much work to that she can not go out with me tonight She has so many things to that she can not go out with me tonight It + Be/V + such + (a/an) + (adj) + N(s) + that + S + V +O: Quá mà Ví dụ: - It is such a high top shelf that the children can not reach it - He was such a fast runner that I could not follow him S + Be/V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to something : Đủ cho làm Chúng ta thường lấy ADJ đối nghĩa ADJ cho sẵn câu “too” để dùng tạo câu Ví dụ: She is too young to get married => She isn’t old enough to get married Cấu trúc 5,6,7,8 thay cho linh hoạt It’s adj (for Sb) to sth: Ai làm nào? => Doing sth be ADJ (for sb) => S find V-ing / it/ N + ADJ to sth Ví dụ: It’s difficult for me to wake up early in the morning => Waking up early in the morning is difficult for me => I find waking up early in the morning difficult => I find it difficult to wake up in the morning (với N) I find English interesting to study Ví dụ: It’s cool to try your best for what you want => Trying your best for what you want is cool I find it cool to try your best for what you want 10 S+ should/ ought to/ had better+ V ; Or “ If I were you,…” => It’s time for sb to sth => It’s (high/ about) time S+ did sth (thể phàn nàn, chê trách “sao tới mà chưa làm?”) Ví dụ: You’d better go right now => It’s time for you to go now => It’s time you went now 11 Although/ Though/ Even though + clause (S+V) => Despite / In spite of+ Noun/V-ing (cùng chủ ngữ mệnh đề) => Despite/ in spite of the fact that S+ V,… Ví dụ: Although they don’t have money, they still live => Despite having no money, they still live happily => In spite of the fact that they don’t have money, they still live happily 12 Because /as/ since + clause… >Because of/ due to/ owing to + noun/ V-ing( chủ ngữ mệnh đề ) Because she behaves well, everybody loves her >Because of her good behavior, everybody loves her 13 S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V (chỉ mục đích) => S + V + to + V Ví dụ: She studies hard in order that she can pass the final examination => She studies hard to pass the final examination 14 Các cấu trúc liên quan đến bị động đặc biệt - Have Sb sth => have Sth done -Get sb to sth => get sth done Ví dụ: We get him to look after our house when we are on business => We get our house looked after (by him) when we are on business - Make Sb sth-> Sb be made to Sth Ví dụ : The teacher made the students work hard => The students were made to work hard - People say(that) S+ V + O => It be said that S+ V + O => S be said to V/ to have P2 happily Ví dụ: People say that he drinks a lot of wine => It is said that he drinks a lot of wine => He is said to drink a lot of wine 15 There’s no point in V-ing: không đáng, khơng có ích làm gì? => It’s no good/ no use V-ing => It’s not worth V-ing Ví dụ: There’s no point in arguing => It’s no good/ no use arguing => It’s not worth arguing 16 Chú ý đến dạng cấu trúc câu điều kiện - Unless = If not If you don’t have a visa, you can not come to America => Unless you have a visa, you can not come to America - Đảo ngữ điều kiện loại 1: Should+ S+ V + Loại 2: Were S+ Adj/N / to V + Loại 3: Had+ S+ (not) P2 You can ring this number whenever there is any difficulty => Should there be any difficulty, ring this number 17 Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu gián tiếp - Đề nghị: Suggest Shall we+ V /Let's+ V /How/What about+ V-ing /Why don’t we + V => S+ suggested+ V-ing: đề nghị làm Ví dụ: "Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the boy => The boy suggested going out for a walk - Gợi ý cho người khác: “Why don’t you+ V (bare infinitive)? => S+ suggested+ that+ S+ should/shouldn't+ V Ví dụ: “Why don’t you have a rest?” he said to her => He suggested that she should have a rest - Cáo buộc/ buộc tội : S accused Sb of doing st “You stole the money on the table”, she said to him => She accused him of stealing the money on the table - Thừa nhận phủ nhận S+ admitted/ denied+ V-ing/ having P2 He said “Yes, I did” => He admitted stealing/ having stolen the money on the table He said: “ No, I didn’t” => He denied stealing/ having stolen the money on the table - Lời khuyên (should/ought to/ had better/ If I were you / Why don’t you) S + advised sb + (not) to V “If I were you, I would save some money ” she said => She advised me to save some money “You shouldn’t believe him” Jane said to Peter => Jane advised Peter not to believe him - Câu mời (Would you like ?) / S+ offered Sb st S+ offered to Sth S + invited sb+ to V “Would you like a cup of coffee, Peter?” I said => I offered Peter a cup of coffee “Would you like me to clean the house for you?” he said => He offered to clean the house for me “Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” he said => He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night - Dặn dò/ nhắc nhở: S + remember + to Sth => S + don’t forget + to Sth => S remind Sb to Sth He told me: “Don’t forget to come here on time tomorrow” => He reminded me to come there on time the next day She said to all of us: “Remember to submit the report by this Thursday” => She reminded all of us to submit the report by that Thursday - Cảm ơn: Thank Sb for V-ing/ N “Thank you for helping me finish this project “ he said to us => He thanked us for helping him finish that project “ Thank you for this lovely present.” I said to him => I thanked him for that lovely present - Xin lỗi: S apologized (to sb) for V-ing “Sorry, I broke your vase” he said to his mother => He apologized to his mother for breaking her vase - Khen ngợi: S congratulated Sb on V-ing “Congratulations! You won the first prize” he said to me => He congratulated me on winning the first prize - Đe dọa: S+ threatened (sb)+to V/ not to V : đe doạ (ai) làm He said " I will kill you if you don’t that "=> He threatened to kill me if I didn’t that 18 Các cấu trúc liên quan đến so sánh: Sự chuyển đổi từ cấu trúc ngang - so sánh - so sánh nhất: Ví dụ: Sally is the tallest girl in her class => No one in Sally’s class is as tall as her => No one in Sally’s class is taller than her No one in the group is younger than her >She’s the youngest in the group - Cấu trúc so sánh lũy tiến( ngày càng) : The film is more and more interesting - Cấu trúc so sánh đồng tiến ( càng… càng) : The older he is, the less he wants to travel The comparative , the comparative The more + S+V , the more + S + V As I get older, I want to travel less >The older I get, the less travel I want 19 Cấu trúc liên quan đến Spend S + spend + time + V-ing: Ai dành thời gian để làm >It takes (O) + time + to-inf… Ví dụ : She spent 20 minutes typing this letter >It took her 20 minutes to type this letter 20.Cấu trúc liên quan đến Not until S + didn’t V + until + clause >It was not until + N.phrase/ Clause + that + clause Ví dụ : Tom didn’t begin to read until he was eight >It was not until Tom was eight that he began to read 21 Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu đảo ngữ Hardly+ had +S + PII when… Scarcely +had+ S+PII…when… No sooner + had+ S+ PII… than… He had no sooner seen me than he ran away He had hardly seen me when he ran away >No sooner had he seen me than he ran away >Hardly he had seen me when he ran away - Never will I speak to him again - No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang - Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang - Only after posting the letter did I realize that I had forgotten to put on a stamp - Not until I asked a passer-by did I know where I was = It was not until I asked a passer-by that I knew where I was - Around the corner is the hospital III Bài tập áp dụng : Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu dựa vào từ gợi ý cho trước Ví dụ: Barbara is the best tennis-player in the club => No one in the club is better at tennis than Barbara “Why don’t you put better lock on the door, Barbara”? said John => John suggested ………………………………………………… Although his both legs were broken in the crash, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded => Despite his …………………………………………………… I haven’t eaten this kind of food before => This is the first ………………………………………………… The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house => Plans …………………………………………………………… It isn’t necessary for you to finish by Saturday => You ……………………………………………………………… “How many survivors are there?”, asked the journalist => The journalist wanted to know ………………………………… It was such rotten meat that it had to be thrown away => The meat was …………………………………………………… It is essential that Professor Van Helsing is met at the airport => Professor Van Helsing …………………………………………… You can’t visit the USA unless you have a visa => If you …………………………………………………………… 10 “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet”? asked Peter => Peter asked if …………………………………………………… 11 She started working as a secretary five years ago => She has ………………………………………………………… 12 She knows a lot more about it than I => I don’t know ……………………………………………………… 13 My French friend finds driving on the left difficult => My French friend isn’t …………………………………………… 14 They think the owner of the house is abroad => The owner ……………………………………………………… 15 We didn’t go on holiday because we did not have enough money => If we ……………………………………………………………… 16 The children couldn’t go swimming because the sea was rough => The sea was too …………………………………………………… 17 The mechanic serviced my car last week => I ………………………………………………………………… 18 I’m always nervous when I travel by air => Traveling ………………………………………………………… 19 He couldn’t afford to buy the car => The car …………………………………………………………… 20 “Why don’t you put your luggage under the seat?” he asked => He suggested ……………………………………………………… 21 Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job => In spite of ………………………………………………………… 22 I’m sorry I missed your birthday party => I wish …………………………………………………………… 23 They haven’t cleaned the streets this week => The streets ………………………………………………………… 24 Apples are usually cheaper than oranges => Apple are not …………………………………………………… 25 I advice you to put your money in the bank => You’d …………………………………………………………… 26 That restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there => It is such…………………………………………………………… 27 I’ll pick the children up if you like => Would you………………………………………………………… 28 He objected to the fact that his secretary came to work late => He was annoyed…………………………………………………… 29 Tom is the most industrious pupil => No other pupil ……………………………………………………… 30 She isn’t accustomed to life in London => She’s not used to…………………………………………………… 31 “Don’t forget to phone the office,” she told him => She reminded ……………………………………………………… 32 I’m afraid I haven’t got time to listen to you => I wish ……………………………………………………………… 33 The police has just released John => John ……………………………………………………………… 34 I couldn’t hear them because they were speaking too softly => They were speaking ……………………………………………… 35 We spent hours getting to London => It took …………………………………………………………… 36 I get to work in 20 minutes => It ………………………………………………………………… 37 It is necessary that this work be finished by Monday => This work ………………………………………………………… 38 It’s a pity I didn’t take my doctor’s advice => I wish …………………………………………………………… 39 The bread is so tale we can’t eat it => The bread isn’t …………………………………………………… 40 Who does this bag belong to? => Whose…………………………………………………………… 41 My boyfriend is very short-tempered => My boyfriend loses ……………………………………………… 42 You can use it as long as you like, and it won’t wear out => No matter ………………………………………………………… 43 If the work is finished by lunchtime you can go home => Get ……………………………………………………………… 44 How have you been getting on with your enquiries? => How much ………………………………………………………… 45 I gave Ted the massage, but he already knew about it => I needn’t …………………………………………………………… 46 The trains couldn’t run because of the snow => The snow ………………………………………………………… 47 I didn’t arrived in time to see him => I wasn’t early …………………………………………………… 48 I’m sorry I was rude to you yesterday => I apologize……………………………………………………… 49 She didn’t hurry, so she missed the train => If ……………………………………………………………… 50 Lien last visited a centre for children with cognitive impairments two weeks ago => Lien hasn't ………………………………………………………… Đáp án: John suggested that Barry should put a better lock on the door Despite his both broken legs, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded This is time I have eaten this kind of food Plans for an extension to the house have been drawn by the architect./ Plans have been drawn for an extension by the architect You don’t have to finish by Saturday The journalist wanted to know how many survivors there were./ The number of the survivors there were The meat was so rotten that it had to be thrown away Professor Van Helsing must be met at the airport If you don’t have a visa, you can’t visit the USA 10 Peter asked if he could borrow Janet’s typewriter 11 She has been working as a secretary for years 12 I don’t know so much about it as she does 13 My French friend isn’t used to driving on the left 14.The owner of the house is thought to be abroad 15 If we had enough money we would have gone on holiday 16 The sea was too was too rough for the children to swim, 17 I got / had my car serviced by the mechanic last week / I got the mechanic to service my car last week./ I had the mechanic service my car last week 18 Traveling by air always makes me nervous 19 The car was too expensive for him to buy 20 He suggested that I (should) put my luggage under the seat 21 In spite of having / his/ earning a good salary, he was unhappy in his job 22 I wish I had gone to your birthday party./ I hadn’t missed your birthday party 23.The streets haven’t been cleaned this week 24 Apple are not usually as expensive as orange 25.You’d better put your money in the bank 26 Its such a dirty restaurant that no one wants to eat there 27 Would you like me to pick the children up? / mind if I pick up the children? 28 He was annoyed at / about his secretary coming late to work / because his secretary came to work late 29 No other pupil is as industrious as Tom 30 She’s not used to living / life in London 31 She reminded him to phone the office 32 I wish I had (got) time to listen to you 33 John has just been released by the police 34 They were speaking too softly for me to hear / so softly that I couldn’t hear them 35 It took us hours to get to London 36 It takes me 20 minutes to get to work 37 This work must be finished by Monday 38 I wish I had taken my doctor’s advice 39 The bread isn’t fresh enough to eat 40 Whose bag is this? / is this bag? 41 My boyfriend loses his temper very easily 42 No matter how long you use it , it won’t wear out 43 Get the work finished by lunchtime and you can go home 44 How much progress have you made with your enquiries? 45 I needn’t have given Ted the massage, because he already knew about it 46 The sow prevented the trains from running 47 I wasn’t early enough to see him 48 I apologize for being rude to you yesterday 49 If she had hurried, she would have caught the train 50 Lien hasn't visited a centre for children with cognitive impairments for two weeks Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu giữ nguyên nghĩa Bạn phải sử dụng từ 2-5 từ bao gồm từ cho Ví dụ: They published this book in England (came) => This book … came from… England Can you understand what this paper means? (sense) => Can you …………………………… this paper? It wasn’t necessary to meet me at the airport yesterday (needn’t) => You ……………………… me at the airport yesterday It was unkind of you to talk to her like that (not) => You ……………………………… to her like that I saw the film although I strongly dislike thrillers (spite) => I saw the film in …………………… of thrillers It’s not possible to play tennis because of the rain (makes) => The rain ……………………………… to play tennis I’ve never tasted such good food before (ever) => It is the ………………… tasted Do your parents allow you to watch TV late at night? (let) Do your parents …………………… TV late at night? “Did you write a note for Anna?” I asked my mother (she) => I asked my mother ……………………… a note for Anna He gave me the money first, and then he left (after) => He left …………………………………… the money 10 I don’t find it difficult to get up early any more (used) => I ……………………………………… up early Đáp án: Can you ……make sense of…… this paper? You ……needn’t have met… me at the airport yesterday You …should not have talked… to her like that I saw the film in …spite of my strong dislike… of thrillers The rain ……makes it impossible… to play tennis It is the …best food I’ve ever tasted Do your parents …let you watch… TV late at night? I asked my mother …whether/if she had written… a note for Anna He left ……after he had given me/after giving me… the money 10 I ……am used to getting… up early Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu cho nghi We couldn’t have managed without my father’s money If it I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back  Hardly It was Walter Raleigh who introduced potatoes and tobacco into England  The English owe “If my members agree to that, I’ll be very surprised,” said the union delegate  The union delegate observed that While I strongly disapprove of your behavior, I will help you this time Despite my I’m sorry I missed Professor Baker’s lecture  I’m sorry not We may not be able to give the concert  The concert I was not surprised to hear that Harry had failed his driving test It came Đáp án: If it hadn’t been for my father’s money, we couldn’t have managed Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back The English owe the introduction of potatoes and tobacco to WR The union delegate observed that he would be very surprised if his members agreed Despite my strong disapproval of your behavior, I will help you this time I’m sorry not to have heard/attended Pro Baker’s lecture The concert may have to be cancelled It came as no surprise to me that Harry had failed his driving test Bài tập 4: Viết lại câu cho nghĩa không đổi I only recognized him when he came into the light  Not until That rumor about the politician and the construction contract is absolutely false  There is One runner was too exhausted to complete the last lap of the race  One runner was so My mother was the most warm-hearted person I’ve ever known  I’ve They never made us anything we didn’t want to  We The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister Had it not It is quite pointless to complain There’s no My parents let me go abroad alone for the first time last year  I was Đáp án: Not until he came into the light did I recognize him There is (absolutely) no truth in that rumour about the politician and the construction contract One runner was so exhausted (that) he couldn’t/was unable to complete the last lap of the race I’ve never known a more warm-hearted person than my mother (was) We were never made to anything we didn’t want to Had it not been for the death of the PM the bill would have been passed/got through There’s no point in complaining I was allowed to go abroad alone for the first time last year IV Kết luận Trên tồn phần trình bày số mẫu viết lại câu cho học sinh lớp 10, 11 Trong trình chuẩn bị có thiếu sót kính mong đồng nghiệp góp ý cho tơi hồn thiện chun đề Tơi xin chân thành cảm ơn! Nam trực, ngày 01 tháng 12 năm 2020 Người báo cáo chuyên đề Vũ Thị Thúy ...Giúp cho học sinh lớp 10, 11 đặc biệt học sinh lớp 10 tiếp cận thực hành làm dạng viết lại câu tốt hơn, giúp cho học sinh đạt điểm cao kỳ kiểm tra kỳ thi Giải pháp a Những lỗi phổ biến học sinh làm. .. đưa số lỗi phổ biến mà học sinh thường mắc phải làm dạng Một số lỗi hay gặp viết lại câu : + Không hiểu nội dung câu + Làm cẩu thả +Có thể viết thiếu mạo từ,nhầm số ít ,số nhiều, + Viết lại gợi... bạn viết thành I don't mind cooking, câu khơng điểm bạn khơng thực u cầu đề b Giải pháp Khi viết lại câu, dựa vào từ mà đề cho sẵn học sinh định hình cấu trúc tương đương để viết lại câu cho