Chuyên đề Từ hạn định

+ The other: dùng để chỉ đến (những) cái còn lại trong (những) cái đã nói đến trước đó *dùng với danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều..  I enjoyed the first book but I didn’t read the other bo[r]

CHUYÊN ĐỀ TỪ HẠN ĐỊNH PHẦN A: LÝ THUYẾT

I TỪ HẠN ĐỊNH LÀ GÌ?

– Từ hạn định (DETERMINERS) từ đứng trước danh từ cụm danh từ trước tính từ Do mà từ hạn định khơng thể đứng mà phải có danh từ cụm danh từ theo sau

– Các từ hạn định hay định từ từ thường đặt trước danh từ xác định để người/sự việc/sự vật cụ thể đặc biệt mà bạn đề cập đến

II CÁC LOẠI TỪ HẠN ĐỊNH

Loại từ hạn định Liệt kê Ví dụ

– Mạo từ a, an, the  The I saw a girl last night Tôi thấy cô gái tối qua – Từ hạn định

định this, that, these, those

 Look at these flowers!

Nhìn bơng hoa này! – Từ hạn định sở

hữu

my, his, her, your, our, their, its

 My father works at a big

insurance company Cha làm việc công ty bảo hiểm lớn

– Từ số lượng

all, every, most, many, much, some, few, little, any, no…

 We don’t have much

money

Chúng ta khơng có nhiều tiền

 We don’t have many eggs

Chúng ta khơng có nhiều trứng

– Số từ one, two, three, first, second, third,…

 I ordered two cakes

Tôi đặt hai bánh

 She won third prize

Cô giành giải ba

– Từ hạn đinh Nghi

vấn whose, which, what

 Whose car did you borrow?

Bạn mượn xe nào?

 Which books have you

read?

Bạn đọc sách nào? III CÁCH DÙNG CÁC LOẠI TỪ HẠN ĐỊNH

1 Mạo từ (Articles)

– Mạo từ Từ hạn định phổ biến – Gồm từ: a, an, the

Mạo từ không xác định Mạo từ xác định Dùng

với  Danh từ số

 Cho danh từ (số ít, số nhiều, đếm không đếm được)

Dùng

 Người nghe / người nói chưa biết đối tượng nói đến biết cách chung chung

 Khi người nói / người nghe biết đối tượng nói đến

Ví dụ  He met a girl last night (Anh ta gặp cô gái đêm qua.)

 The girl is kind and lovely

(Cô tử tế đáng yêu.)

 The red wine

(Rượu vang đỏ) Từ hạn định định (Demonstrative Determiners)

– Từ hạn định định dùng để xa hay gần với người nói – Gồm từ: this, that, these, those

Gần Xa

Số This That

Số nhiều These Those

Eg:

 I like this color

(Tôi thích màu này.)

 That man over there looks scary

(Người đàn ơng trơng đáng sợ.)

 These books belong to mine

(Bạn nhìn thấy tịa nhà đó?)

 Can you see those buildings?

(Bạn nhìn thấy tịa nhà đó?) Từ hạn định sở hữu (Possessive Determiners)

– Từ hạn định sở hữu, hay cịn gọi Tính từ sở hữu, dùng để việc “sở hữu” thứ

– Gồm từ: my, your, his, her, its, our, their Eg:

 We sold our house last week

Chúng bán nhà vào tuần trước

 Your wish is my commend

Mong ước bạn lời khen ngợi

 Her dress is from the latest collection

Bộ váy cô từ sưu tập – Chú ý:

+ Phân biệt ITS (của nó) với IT’S (= IT + IS): Eg:

 The cat licks its fur → Con mèo liếm lơng

 It’s raining = It is raining → Trời mưa

 Look at the train! It’s comming = It is comming → Nhìn tàu hỏa kìa! Nó tiến đến

4 Từ số lượng (Quantifiers )

– Từ số lượng từ mô tả số lượng cụm danh từ

Chỉ dùng với danh từ đếm Chỉ dùng với danh từ không đếm Dùng cho hai loại danh từ – a few

– a number of – several – many

– a majority of – every

…

– a little

– a great deal of – a large amount of – much…

– all – a bit of

– a lot of / lots of – no / none – not any – plenty of – any – some … Eg:

 I buy every book from this author

Tôi mua sách từ tác giả

 All students from this school passed the entrance exam

Tất học sinh từ trường vượt qua kỳ thi tuyển sinh

 She had no money

Cơ khơng có tiền a Từ hạn định: ENOUGH Enough = “đủ”

– Công thức dùng với từ Enough: Enough + danh từ

– Trong trường hợp “enough” trạng từ, ta có cơng thức sau: Tính từ / Trạng từ / Động từ + Enough

Eg:

 There are enough chairs for everyone here → danh từ “chair”

Có đủ ghế cho người

 I hadn’t trained enough for the job → động từ “train”

Tôi không đào tạo đủ để làm việc

 This house isn’t big enough for us → tính từ “big”

Ngôi nhà không đủ lớn cho

 We didn’t leave early enough → trạng từ “early”

 Chúng không để lại sớm

– Gồm số đếm số thứ tự: + Số đếm: one, two, three,… + Số thứ tự: first, second, third,… Eg:

 There are about two hundred (200) people on the street

(Có khoảng hai trăm (200) người đường phố.)

 He has just made his second score

(Anh ghi bàn thứ hai.)

 The first three people who answer correctly will get a present

(Ba người trả lời xác nhận quà.) c Từ hạn đinh Nghi vấn (Interrogative Determiners)

– Gồm từ: which, what, whose

+ Whose dùng để thể ý “thuộc đó” Whose thường dùng nhiều câu liên quan đến Mệnh đề quan hệ – Đại từ quan hệ

+ What dùng để hỏi thông tin cụ thể điều

+ Which dùng để hỏi thông tin cụ thể điều đó, từ tập hợp cố định sẵn (người hỏi có số lựa chọn định hỏi người nghe thích số đó)

Eg:

 What sports you like?

Bạn thích mơn thể thao nào?

 Which dress you like? The red one or the green one?

Bạn thích váy nào? Màu đỏ màu xanh lục?

 Whose iPhone was stolen?

IPhone bị đánh cắp? d Từ hạn định Sự khác biệt

– Có từ hạn định khác biệt Đó là: another, other the other – Cách dùng:

+ Another: dùng để khác, thêm vào nói đến trước *Dùng với danh từ số

 Would you like another cup of coffee? → thêm cốc cà phê

 Another reason to reject his offer is… → thêm lý là…

+ Other: dùng để khác hẳn với nói đến trước *Dùng với danh từ số nhiều

 I have no other ideas → ý kiến khác

 There are other jobs you could try → công việc khác

+ The other: dùng để đến (những) lại (những) nói đến trước *dùng với danh từ số số nhiều

 I enjoyed the first book but I didn’t read the other books in the series →

 Where is the other box of candy? → hộp kẹo cịn lại PHẦN B: VÍ DỤ

Exercise

1 The young man and the young woman paid _ attention to the writer a none b any c not any d no

2 Mr Scott has a garage in Silbury His _ garage is in Pinhurst a another b other c else d different

3 Bill Frith’s garden is larger than Joe’s It is _

a larger garden b a large garden c large garden d largest garden Joe’s garden is more interesting _ Bill’s

a by b for c than d from

5 Joe’s garden is the best in the town It’s the best _ them all a in b of c than d from

6 Joe’s garden is interesting Joe is _ in gardening a interesting b interest c interestingly d interested

7 The writer doesn’t like hard work It’s _ to look after a garden a a hard work b a hard job c hard job d hardly a job

8 Harry sat at the same table He didn’t sit at _ one a other b a different c extra d another

9 We shall have plenty of time There will be _ time to see him a enough b almost enough c less than enough d hardly enough

10 Most of the young people will be there _ the young people will be there a A lot b Nearly all c Some d Many

11 I speak a few words of French I don’t know _ French a many b much c plenty of d a little

12 The firm couldn’t pay _ large salaries a so b such a c such d a such

13 _ turn is it? It’s your turn a Which b To whom c Whom d Whose

14 I might as well have them I am _ to have them a very pleased b very glad c not very glad d delighted 15 I am even less lucky I am _ lucky

a more b as c not d so

16 His bag is empty He has _

a are none left b is one left c are some left d are lot left

18 She received a letter from a girl of her own age The girl is _ she is a the same age with b the same age c as old d the same age as

19 I like my sister’s house It’s a _ a new beautiful house b beautiful house new c beautiful new house d the same age as 20 She will come to England _ year a last b next c the other d the last

Exercise

1 _ room was it? This gentlemen’s a To whom b Who c Whose d Of whom

2 We like them _ we like pretty curtain material a just as b the same c just the same d so

3 It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen I’ve never seen _ a an ugly one b an ugliest one c the ugliest one d an uglier one

4 This is the most surprising thing about it It is _ than anything a most surprising b more surprising c more surprised d most surprised He used to work fourteen hours a day He did this _ day a one b some c each d a

6 He had a shop of his own It was _ shop a his own b his’s c his’own d whose is

7 _ this bicycle? Their son’s a who’s is b whoses c who’s d whose is

8 people are no so honest as they once were They are _ honest a as b so c less d fewer

9 There were fewer people in the shop than usual There were _ a as many as usual b not as many as usual

c a few as usual d more than usual

10 The woman bought a few small articles She bought _ a a little b some c one d three

11 How _ was the shore? Eight miles a away far b far from c far away d long 12 They got such a fright They were _

14 The operation roved to be every difficult It proved to be _ operation a difficult b the difficult c a difficult d difficult the

15 A great many good were sent There were _ a quite a few b quite a little c not too many d very much

16 It has a head like a horse _ head was like that of a horse a It b It’s c It’s d Its

17 The strike will last for a week That’s what _ people believe a most of b the most of c the more d most

18 We went so unwillingly to school We were _ unwilling pupils a such b so c so much d such an

19 People will anything to see a free show-even if it is _ a badly b bad one c a bad d bad

20 He hardly used _ large car that he owned a his b a c the d any

Exercise

1 They did not find _

a nothing of value b a valuable thing c any value d anything valuable They stagger home loaded with _ necessities as they can carry a as many of the b as many c so many d the most

3 The _ is the Gouffre Berger near Grenoble

a deepest cave known in the world b cave deepest known in the world c world’s cave known deepest d deepest cave in the world’s knowledge

4 The bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay

a The higher you will have b the more you will have c ore you will have d you will have higher

5 Modern dances proved to be _ the dish could bear a too much for b as much as c so much that d so much for The public are often far more interested _ political events a in people’s stories than b in stories about people than

c with stores about people then d by people’s stories than by

7 We are _ dependent on specialized labour as we used to be a increasingly less b becoming not so c not nearly as d becoming less _ spend hours of their leisure time

a men of each age b men of every age

9 Whatever it is, a fused light, _ furniture, a clogged pipe, a broken down vacuum cleaner, wives expect their husbands to put things right

a shaked b shaken c a shaky d shaky

10 Drilling a hole under the sea has proved more difficult than _ a drilling one on lad b under the land

c to drill a hole on land d a hole on the land 11 The bottle hasa _

a green delicately shaded tint b delicately shaded green tint c green tinted delicate shade d delicate shade of green tint 12 _ belongings people accumulate

a as they get older more b In getting older there are more

c only when they get older, more d the older they get the more 13 I like him very much, he is _

a quite an intelligent boy b quite intelligent boy c a quite intelligent boy d a boy quite intelligent 14 Nowadays _ women get university degrees a either b every c both d many

15 Nam’s parents are _ with his success a please b pleasant c pleasing d pleased 16 It is an _ story

a interesting b interested c interest d all are correct

17 My daughter can make only few sandwiches with _ flour left in that paper bag a so much b so may c so few d the little

18 Those are _ books we still have this library a few b the few c a few d the little

19 Many other _ afraid of walking in the darkness a girls are b girl are c girls is d girl is

20 Some people can stand _ criticism, others can’t stand _ a much/ any b much/ a few c a little/ some d little/ few

Exercise

1 I did not see _ seagulls soaring into the sky a some b any c no d few

2 The _ prisoner has been recaptured a escaped b escaping c having escaped d escape

a differ from b different to c differ to d different from The students don’t review _ English lessons a them b their c their d none is correct

6 We still have _ money a many b few c some d none

7 Everyone should _ duty (British English) a their b her c his d one’s

8 I can write this report with _ pencil a a b an c the d no article is needed Do you have _ books? a little b much c some d any

10 We want out country to be free and

a independent b independence c independent d independently 11 He is of three

a best b good c better d the best 12 I can’t speak English a many b much c very d the best

13 games that we like best are tennis and football a The/ the b The/ no article c No article/ the d No article/ no article 14 You can write this essay in ink or with pencil a The/ the b no article/ the c the/ no article d no article/ no article 15 The church has pictures

a some French old b some old French c old French some d French old some 16 The library has several

a very English easy books b very easy English books c English very easy books d easy very English books 17 A man with one leg is called

a a one leg man b a one-leged man c a one-legged man d one-leg man 18 Give me information, please

a father b further c little d many

19 My mother gave me too money a many a b much more c little d many

20 Very people understand what he said a some b little c few d less

Exercise

a no b not c any d much He is

a a three years old boy b a three year old boy c three years boy d three year old boy

3 I would like to buy one-legged table a a b an c many d the

4 My grandfather has a garage The garage is a to him b of him c of his d his

5 One should respect parents a their b his c one’s d her

6 That lawyer is than he looks

a more young b more younger c much younger d much more younger I have a building

a two-hundred-room b two hundred rooms c two hundred a room d two hundred rooms Leman tastes

a sour b sourly c very sourly d to be sour How many sweets does Tom have?

a quite a few b very little c less than I d not much

10 John, how are you to day? I am that I can meet you a too glad b very glad c so glad d such glad

11 I never met man before

a a so good b so good a c so a good d good so a 12 I think it’s for walking

a much too hot b too much heat c very much hot d very much heat 13 What kind of car did you buy? Well, think it’s somewhat yours a as b like c alike d similar as

14 There isn’t much news in today’s paper

a to surprise b surprised c surprising d to have surprised 15 The family never agree about shares of the property a her b its c their d his

16 We hada dinner and ran to the theatre a quickly b quick c more quick d quickest

17 I’ve always found Fred to bea person a politely b impolitely c not polite d polite

a regular b regularly c irregular d not regular 19 A breeze touched my face

a gently b gentler c gentle d more gently

20 The audience booed the actors’ performance a bad b badly c worse d worst

Exercise

1 has just arrived

a A piece of new equipments b A few new equipments

c There are some new equipment which d A lot of new equipment students enrolled this year than last year

a Less of the b A few of c A few more d There were a few You don’t hear news about Mr Allen these days a many b much c a lot d much of

4 “Are you going to hunt this year?”

“I don’t know There are deer in this area” a so few b so little c no a lot of d only a few of

5 “Are you sure you don’t want to go to the movies tonight?” “I can’t I have ”

a too many homeworks b much too much homework

c much too many homework d too much homework assignments “How was our trip to Fort Knox, Kentucky?”

“I’ve never seen bars in one place”

a so much gold b so many gold c more than a little d as much of gold I’m sorry I’m late I hope I didn’t cause you

a too much problems b problem c many more trouble d too much trouble “The price of chocolate has really gone up”

“Yes, they give you for your money now” a so few b so less c so little d fewer

9 “ you think we need?” “Oh, about a gallon”

a so much b so many c so much of d this many of 12 “What would you like to drink?”

“I’ll have , please”

a a coffee cup b small coffee c a little coffee d a cup coffee 13 “Henry wasn’t able to give us information”

“That’s too bad We really needed it” a much b any of c many d a lot 14 fish are there in that bowl” a How much number of b How many

c Do you know how much d What is the number of 15 we need for the winter?

a How many woods b How many wood c How much of wood d How much wood 16 We have heard about you

a so many news b so much news c a lot news d few news 17 We have this year than last year

a fewer cows b smaller cows c much cows d many cows

18 Some people are panning to vote, but are staying home a much of them b more of them c little of them d many of them 19 A teacher’s equipment usually includes

a a few pieces of chalk b a few chalks

c a little number of chalk d a small number of chalk 20 There is ink in the pot

a few b small c little d a lot

ĐÁP ÁN Exercise

1d 2a 3b 4c 5b 6d 7b 8b 9a 10b

11b 12c 13d 14c 15c 16b 17c 18d 19a 20b

Exercise

1c 2a 3d 4b 5c 6a 7d 8c 9b 10b

11d 12c 13b 14c 15a 16d 17d 18a 19d 20c

Exercise

1d 2b 3a 4b 5b 6b 7c 8b 9c 10a

Exercise

1b 2a 3d 4d 5c 6c 7a 8a 9d 10a

11d 12b 13b 14b 15b 16b 17c 18b 19c 20c

Exercise

1a 2b 3a 4d 5c 6c 7a 8a 9a 10b

11b 12a 13b 14c 15c 16b 17d 18a 19c 20a

Exercise

1d 2c 3b 4a 5b 6b 7d 8c 9c 10b

11b 12c 13a 14b 15d 16b 17a 18d 19a 20c

PHẦN C: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

1 Hoàn thành câu với từ hạn định cụ thể

1 My relatives have finally shared ……… vacation plans I left ……… book on the nightstand on purpose

3 ……… shoes are these? Pick them up! I don’t know……… bus to take

5 John brought ……… friend home for the weekend Did you remember to bring ……… umbrella ? I hope ……… reptiles don’t belong to you

8 One of ……… greatest pleasures is spending time with ……….dog Look at that lamp: ……… shade is crooked

2 Chọn từ hạn định xác điền vào chỗ trống ……… the evening we watched television

A most B most of C both are correct ……… you are not going to graduate

A some B some of C someone ……… my friends can attend the party

A none of B none C no ……… her friends have already joined

A several B several of C both are correct I have labeled ……… bottle with a name

A each B each of C both are correct We have ……… problems, most of the time

A neither B neither of C both are correct Dùng từ hạn định để viết lại câu

1 There aren’t much people here How many are you getting paid? I drank many of the milk myself Susan drinks much of soda

5 What a lousy menu There aren’t much of choices Did you tell her how many you liked it?

7 She got much As this semester

4 Hoàn thành câu với all (a/ the) whole He ate ……… cake by himself

2 Liza spent ……… her money on candy Rick demanded to be told ……… truth ……… her life, Jean has wanted to ski I waited ……… day for you to call We ……… agreed to go on the hike I was shocked, once I heard ……… story My grandmother still has ……… her teeth Nối từ hạn định với câu phù hợp

1 this that these those a an the some any 10 much 11 several 12 every 13 few 14 many 15 my 16 your 17 our

A I think ……… is a bad idea

B I would like ……… moment of your time C Please have ……… cookies

D We wash our car ……… weekend E There isn’t ………… to say, is there? F ……… socks don’t fit me anymore G ……… people I know like to travel H This is ……… last straw I Sure, I will have ……… apple J ……… people like that movie K I will take ……… dress L Did you take ……… medicine? M That is ……… summer house N I don’t have ……… pets

O I left ……… sandwiches on the train P I think this is all ……… fault

ĐÁP ÁN

1 their that whose which his your these my, my its B B A B A A A

1 There aren’t many people here How much are you getting paid? I drank a lot of the milk myself Susan drinks a lot of soda

5 What a lousy menu There aren’t a lot of choices Did you tell her how much you liked it?

7 She got many As this semester

1 the whole all

3 the whole all

5 K A F O B I H C N

10 E 11 G 12 D 13 Q 14 J 15 P 16 L 17 M

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12 tất môn học với nội dung giảng chi tiết, sửa tập SGK, luyện tập trắc nghiệm mễn phí, kho tư liệu tham khảo phong phú cộng đồng hỏi đáp sôi động

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sửa đề thi miễn phí từ lớp đến lớp 12 tất mơn Tốn- Lý - Hố, Sinh- Sử - Địa, Ngữ Văn, Tin Học Tiếng Anh

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