Ghi chú :Trong tất cả các cấu trúc trên nếu chổ BE là V thì ADV sẽ thay cho ADJ Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:.. The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it.[r]
(1)CHUYÊN ĐỀ CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ QKĐ SANG HTHT
DẠNG 1: CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ( VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI )
Dạng có mẫu sau đây, cơng thức khơng có nên đưa ví dụ có chổ tơ màu dấu hiệu để nhận dạng công thức
1 This is the first time I have seen him (Đây lần đầu thấy anh ta)
=>I have never seen him before (Tôi chưa thấy trước đây) Mẫu có dạng: Đây lần làm chuyện
=> chưa làm chuyện trước The first time: lần Never before : chưa trước
2 I started / begun studying English years ago (Tôi bắt đầu học TA cách năm ) => I have studied English for years (Tôi học TA năm) Mẫu có dạng : .bắt đầu làm cách + khoảng thời gian
=> làm chuyện for + khoảng thời gian
Nếu khơng có ago mà có when + mệnh đề giử nguyên mệnh đề đổi when thành since
3 I last saw him when I was a student (Lần cuồi thấy SV) => I haven't seen him since I was a student (Tôi không thấy từ SV) Mẫu có dạng :
Lần cuối làm chuyện => khơng làm chuyện từ Last : lần cuối Since : từ
4 The last time she went out with him was two years ago (Lần cuối cô ta chơi với cách năm)
=> She hasn't gone out with him for two years (Cô ta không chơi với năm nay)
Tương tự mẫu khác phần sau
5 It's ten years since I last met him (Đã 10 năm từ gặp lần cuối)
=> I haven't met him for ten years (Tôi không gặp 10 năm rồi) Mẫu có dạng: Đã khoảng thời gian từ làm lần cuối
=> khơng làm việc + khoảng thời gian When did you buy it ? ( bạn mua ?
=> How long have you bought ? ( bạn mua ? ) Mẫu có dạng : when : dùng q khứ đơn
How long : dùng hồn thànhViết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa: This is the first time he went abroad
(2)2 She started driving month ago => She has……
3 We began eating when it started to rain => We have……
4 I last had my hair cut when I left her => I haven’t…
5 The last time she kissed me was months ago => She hasn’t…
6 It is a long time since we last met => We haven’t…
7 When did you have it ? => How long … ?
8 This is the first time I had such a delicious meal => I haven’t…
9 I haven’t seen him for days => The last …
10 I haven’t taken a bath since Monday => It is …
DẠNG CÁC DẠNG ĐỀ THƢỜNG GẶP VỀ TOO TO , SO THAT, SUCH THAT , ENOUGH ĐỔI TỪ SO THAT SANG SUCH THAT :
N + BE + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE => ĐẠI TỪ + BE
Cách làm:
Thêm such ( a,an) đem tính từ xuống ,đem danh từ xuống ,từ that trở viết lại hết => ĐẠI TỪ + BE SUCH ( A,AN ) ADJ + N + THAT CLAUSE
The book is so interesting that I have read it many times It is
=> It is such an interesting book that I have read it many times Nếu danh từ số khơng đếm khơng có a, an
2 ĐỔI TỪ SO THAT SANG TOO TO:
Đề có dạng :
S + BE +SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE => S + BE + TOO
Cách làm:
Thêm tính từ vào , bỏ can't ,couldn't lấy từ động từ trở Nếu chủ từ câu khác thêm phần for sb
(3)The water is so hot that I can't drink it => The water is too
=> The water is too hot for me to drink
- Nếu đổi nguợc lại từ TOO TO sang SO THAT thường sai việc quên thêm túc từ vào chia sai
3 ĐỔI TỪ TOO TO SANG ENOUGH :
Đề thường có dạng :
S + BE + TOO + ADJ + TO INF => S + BE NOT
Cách làm :
Dùng tính từ phản nghĩa + enough
Viết lại hết phần sau
He is too weak to run fast => He isn't
=> He isn't strong enough to run fast
Ghi :Trong tất cấu trúc chổ BE V ADV thay cho ADJ Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1 The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it => It is
2 The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him => He is
3 The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night => It is
4 The books are so interesting that we have read them many times => They are
5 The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it => It was
6 The food was so hot that it turned my tongue => It was
7 There is so much rain that we can't go out => There is such
8 The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy => He is
9 The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more => It is
(4)11 There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him => There were such
12 The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly => It was
13 They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night => They drunk such
14 Alice had so many exercises to that she couldn't go out => Alice had such
15 The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help => She was
ĐÁP ÁN
1 The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it => It is such a tidy room that it took us one hour to clean it The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him
=> He is such a foolish man that no one took any notice of him The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night => It is such a long film that they can't broadcast it on one night The books are so interesting that we have read them many times => They are such interesting books that we have read them many times The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it
=> It was bad enough for her to burst into tears on hearing it The food was so hot that it turned my tongue
=> It was hot enough to turn my tongue There is so much rain that we can't go out => There is such a lot of rain that we can't go out The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy => He is fat enough to be called Stuffy
9 The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more => It is too excellent for children to want some more
10 The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden => It was warm enough for them to have a walk in the garden 11 There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him => There were such a lot of people in the hall that we couldn't see him 12 The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly
(5)=> They drunk such a lot of coffee that they couldn't sleep all night 14 Alice had so many exercises to that she couldn't go out => Alice had such a lot of exercises to that she couldn't go out 15 The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help => She was too poor to be needed everyone's help
DẠNG 3: VIẾT LẠI CÂU DÙNG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN: IF
Trong chương trình lớp cần học câu điều kiện loại mà thôi, công thức sau:
LOẠI 1:
Bên có IF dùng đơn Bên khơng có IF dùng tương lai đơn
LOẠI 2:
Bên có IF dùng q khứ đơn ( thay was = were)
Bên khơng có IF dùng tương lai khứ ( would + nguyên mẫu )
Can/ could thay will/ would
CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU THƯỜNG SANG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN:
Nếu câu đề - / tương lai dùng loại + phản nghĩa It is rainy I can't
go to school If
=> If it weren't rainy, I could go to school
Nếu câu đề : tưong lai - tương lai dùng loại (không phản nghĩa ) I will go to VT I
will buy you a present If
If I go to VT, I will buy you a present
Nếu câu đề : Don’t V or + mệnh đề viết lại :
If you V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or ) Don’t go out or you will get wet => if you go out, you will get wet
Nếu câu đề là: V or + mệnh đề viết lại :
If you don’t V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or ) Raise your hand or I will kill you => If you don’t raise your hand, I will kill you
Lưu ý:
Nếu câu có because , so(= that’s why) phải bỏ ( đặt if vào chổ because , so(= that’s why) ngựoc lại )
1 He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam => If……
(6)3 He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car => If……
4 He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough => If……
5 She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party => If……
6 I will get a work permit I will stay for another month => If……
7 He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy => If……
8 We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change => If……
9 Study hard or you won’t pass the exam => If……
10 Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes If……
ĐÁP ÁN
1 He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam => If he had to study for his exam, he could go out She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam
=> If she were lazy, she could pass the exam
3 He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car => If he pays me tonight, I will have enough money to buy a car He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough => If he didn’t smoke too much, he could get rid of his cough She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party
=> If she weren’t very shy, she would enjoy the party I will get a work permit I will stay for another month => If I don’t get a work permit, I won’t stay for another month He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy
=> If he took any exaecises, he were so healthy
8 We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change => If we could get the ticket, I would have the right change Study hard or you won’t pass the exam
(7)DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA SO SÁNH HƠN / BẰNG / NHẤT
Để làm phần bạn phải nắm vững công thức dạng so sánh tính từ /trạng từ
Các dạng đề thường cho :
1) A B <=> B không A
Nguyên tắc :
Nếu đề cho so sánh ta đổi thành so sánh + phủ định Ví dụ :
Tom is taller than Mary : Tom cao Mary Mary is => Mary is not nottall as Tom : Mary không cao Tom
2) Không A <=> A
Nguyên tắc:
So sánh => so sánh Ví dụ:
No one in the class is as tall as Tom: không lớp cao Tom => Tom is
=> Tom is the tallest in the class Tom cao lớp Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa: Nobody else in the class is fatter than Mary
=> Mary is the …
2 I haven’t written as much as you => You have written…
3 Tom’s hair was not as long as Mary’s => Mary’s hair was…
4 No student in the school is noisier than I am => I am the …
5 The first film was not as interesting as this one => This film was …
6 This house is not so expensive as that one => That house is the …
7 My dog ate more than your dog => Your dog didn’t …
8 Volleyball is not as exciting as football => Football is ……
9 Tom isn’t as interested in movies as his father => Tom’s father is …
(8)ĐÁP ÁN Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1 Nobody else in the class is fatter than Mary
=> Mary is the fattest in the class
2 I haven’t written as much as you
=> You have written more than me
3 Tom’s hair was not as long as Mary’s
=> Mary’s hair was longer than Tom's
4 No student in the school is noisier than I am
=> I am the noisiest student in the school
5 The first film was not as interesting as this one
=> This film was more interesting than the first one
6 This house is not so expensive as that one
=> That house is the most expensive house
7 My dog ate more than your dog
=> Your dog didn’t eat as much as mine
8 Volleyball is not as exciting as football
=> Football is more exciting than volleyball
9 Tom isn’t as interested in movies as his father
=> Tom’s father is interested in movies more than Tom
10 Mary is the best cook in this class
=> No one else in this class cook better than Mary
DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ DANH TỪ CHỈ NGƯỜI
Các dạng đề thường cho : S + V + ADV
⇒ S +BE + (a/an) ADJ + N (ngừoi)
Cách làm :
Đổi động từ thành danh từ ngừoi
Đổi trạng từ thành tính từ ,đem đặt trứoc danh từ ví dụ :
Tom drives carefully (Tom lái xe cẩn thận) => Tom is
=> Tom is a careful driver.( Tom tài xế cẩn thận ) Một số cách đổi động từ thành danh từ nguời :
Thông thường việc thêm ER sau động từ, có số ngoại lệ sau: Study => student Type => typist cycle => cyclist
(9)Nếu có động từ play + mơn chơi thể thao đặt mơn chơi trước chữ player: Play football => football player
1 She cooks very well She is a ………
2 My aunt teaches English very well => My aunt is ………
3 He cycles very slowly He is………
4 He types carefully => He is ………
5 These children are quick runners => These children can ……
6 My father plays soccer very well => My father is a ………
7 I drive very badly => I am a…
8 She sings very beautifully => She is a………
9 He works very hard => He is………
10 Tom swims very fast Tom is ………
ĐÁP ÁN
1 She cooks very well
She is a good cook
2 My aunt teaches English very well
=> My aunt is a good English teacher
3 He cycles very slowly
He is a slow cyclist
4 He types carefully
=> He is careful typer
5 These children are quick runners
=> These children can run quickly
6 My father plays soccer very well
=> My father is a good soccer player
7 I drive very badly
=> I am a bad driver
(10)=> She is a beautiful singer
9 He works very hard
=> He is a hard worker
10 Tom swims very fast
Tom is a fast swimmer
DẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA Although / though <=> despite / in spite of Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ :
Although/ though + mệnh đề Despite / in spite of + cụm từ
Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ sau: Nếu chủ từ mệnh đề giống nhau:
Bỏ chủ từ ,động từ thêm ING
Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time
=> Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time Nếu chủ từ danh từ + be + tính từ
Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ ,bỏ to be Although the rain is heavy,
=> Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, Nếu chủ từ đại từ + be + tính từ :
Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ be Although He was sick,
=> Despite / in spite of his sickness, Nếu chủ từ đại từ + động từ + trạng từ
Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ
Although He behaved impolitely,
=> Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior , Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ Hoặc : S + have + N
Thì bỏ there be
Although there was an accident , => Despite / in spite of an accident,
Công thức áp dụng cho biến đổi từ BECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF
BÀI TẬP 1:
Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa:
1 Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well => In spite of ……
2 Mary could not go to school because she was sick Because of …
(11)4 My mother told me to go to school although I was sick => In spite of …
5 Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home => Because of …
6 Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad Despite …
7 Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman => Despite …
8 In spite of his god salary, Tom gave up his job => Although…
9 Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep => In spite of ……
10 In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies => Even though ……
ĐÁP ÁN
1 Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well => In spite of his poverty, Tom studied very well
2 Mary could not go to school because she was sick =>Because of her sickness, Mary couldn't go to school
3 Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time => Despite the bad weather, she went to school on time My mother told me to go to school although I was sick => In spite of my sickness, my mother told me to go to school Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home
=> Because of the big storm, I stayed at home
6 Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad =>Despite the bad grades, Tom was admitted to the university
7 Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman => Despite having a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job
=> Although Tom get good salary, heb gave up his job Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep => In spite of not having finished the paper, he went to sleep
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