Vị trí ngôi chùa Vĩnh Nghiêm trong phật giáo Việt Nam

Ngodi d c ngdi ehda VInh Nghidm dupe xdy dyng Song nude, hidn nay b nudc ngdi edng da d nhilu ngdi ehda mang ten ehda VInh Nghidm d i nhd ve efli ngufin Phat gido trang nudc nhd d [r]

T H l / O N G THUC VE TON G I A O Tf p clii COng t i c TOn giio

VI TRt NGOI CHCA Vf NH mmM TRONG PH|T Giio VlflT NAM

BUI Hdu DUQC

LPh|t gldc d V i f t Nam Phdt gido duoe du nhdp vdo Vldl Nam td rit sdm, Id d i u Cdng nguydn qua d u chuydn c i tich Chd Dfing Tii (d Hdng Ydn ngdy nay) dd hpc dac Phdt td mfil nhd sd An Ofi, Cdc trayin thuylt xa xua v l 1l\aeh Quang Phdt vd Man Ndong Phdt M i u xult hidn cung vdi sd trayin dao cfla Khdu Od La khdng Ihdi gian I h l ky l-ll SCN

Lde diu, ngudl Vidt tilp thu Phdt gido trae tid'p Id

An Od ndn td Buddha (bdc gide ngfi) dupe phidn dm thdnh "Byf, nhan vdt "Byt" duoe t l i l hidn kha nhilu d c chuyen ddn gian, dilu dd da phin dnh Phdt gido Vidt Nam lde l y d ngudn gdc trae Sip Id An Dd, vd Phdt gido dl vdo ddi sd'ng qua d c d u chuydn ddn gian mang mdu sic thin thoai But dupe eoi nhd mdt vi thien thin chuydn cdu giup ngddi Ifit, tnlng phat k l xlu Sau ndy vdo t h i ky Ihd IV-V, inh hudng cfla dao Phdt den Id Trang Qudc, Id'Byf Phdt gido din duOe thay I h l bdi Id "Plidl", bdi Sing Hdn, td Buddha duoc phidn dm thdnh "Phdi dd", "Phat dd" rdi ddpc nit gpn thdnh "Phat" Tuy nhidn td "Byf d c d u chuyen ddn gian d n duoc gid din ngdy

Phdt gido vdo Vidl Nam dupc nhdn dan ddn nhdn D i n Ihdi nhd Ly, nhd Trin, Phdt

Ayi C7V

gido phat trien eUe thjnh, dutpe coi la qufie

M^giicctiuii VuiliNgni6m(BicCiangi

gido, inh hudng d i n hlu hit d c llnh vye cude d n g OIn thdi nhd Hdu Le thi Nho gido duoc d l cao, Phdt gido di vdo giai doan suy I h d i Olu the ky XVII, d i ^ trilu Tdy Son, vua Quang Trang da chin dao Phdt qua chinh ddn xdy ehda, xiin duting Phdt gido d nude, d e phong d o nhilu ngdi ehua, nhung tile thay vl nhd Vua mat sdm ndn vide ndy kit qui chua dupc nhilu D i n I h l ky XX, mac dd anh hudng cfla qud trinh du hda, Phdt giio Vidt Nam van phdt triln manh me khdi d i u Id d e dd thj miln Nam lan rfing ta khip d nudc V i n tat, ijch sd Phdt gido Viel Nam da trii qua bdn giai doan:

- Tddlu Cdng nguyen d i n hit Ihdi ky Bac thudc Id giai doan hlnh thdnh vd phai Iriin rang khip,

- Thdi nha Ly - Nhd Trin id giai doan cue thinh

Tf p Chl COng tic TOn giio THl/ONG Thdc VE TON GlAO

-Thdl HduLe din cufil I h l ky XIX Id giai doan suy thodi

- Diu the ky XX din Id giai doan chin

II Phat giao thdi Dinh - Le, Ly, Trin Td thdi Dinh - Le, nudc la sau gin mdt nghin ndm chiu anh hudng Bic thudc, din ndm 905, nude ta (Giao Chdu) gidnh duoc ddc lap Ndm 968, Dinh Tidn H d n g idn ngdi vua, lip nhd Dinh, ddl Idn nddc Id Oai Cd VidL md thdi ky ddc lip vd phdt triln Idu ddi ijch sd Vldl Nam Oao Phdt lde ndy dd d dnh hudng khd rfing vd tham ddvdo nhilu sd kidn hd Song cda dit nuiSc Trong bdi d n h dit nude vda thfing nhll sau loan 12Sdqudn,de d d n kit, tdp hop nhdn ddn, lly ddc tri nddc, vua Dlnh Tidn H d n g da khdp van dung dao ly Phdt gIdP vdo In Qudc, d l eao dao ddc Phdt gido Song xa hdi Khdi diu td vua Dinh Tien Hodng vdi viee lap ehde Qudc sd cho Thiln su Khudng Viet - ngudl ddng dau Phat glao Song Ijch sd nude ta

Td Hoa LU - Ninh Blnh trd Ihdnh kinh dd cfla Dai Vidl dudi thdi nhd Dinh (968-980) vd nhd Tiln Le (980-1009), sau la kinh dd, Hoa Luldp trang nhilu bdc danh su, din trd thdnh trang lam Phdt giao Theo d c Oiu tjeh vd diu tich d n lai, vao I h l ky X, lai day dd d khd nhllu chda thdp Ninh Blnh edng la qud huong cda Qude sUtrieu Ly Nguyin Minh Khdng, dng da eho xdy dyng d ddy nhilu ehda Sidp nhd chda Bai Dinh, chda Djch Long, ddng chda Am Tiem Vidl Nam hidn d ehda ddng dupe menh danh la "Nam thien de nhat ddng" la ehda Huong, ehua Bich Odng, ehda Djch Long thi sd dd nam d Ninh Blnh Oilu dde ddo b day la d khd nhilu chda duoc xdy dung Irong d e hang ndi da vdi, dua vao ndi dd bode tan dung hin ndi da ldm ehda ma tieu bilu Id eae ddng chda: ddng Hoa Son, dpng Thidn Tdn, Bich Odng, ddng Dich Long, chda Bdi Dinh, Linh Cdc

Oen thdi nhd Ly: Ihay the nha tiln Le, nha

Ly tid'p tyc dua dao Phdt phdt Sien Idn hdng qude dao, nhilu vj vua nd'l tilp da Ihyc su hudng Iheo vd dng hd Phdt gido, khdng ehi gdp phin phdt triln vide tu hpc md d n qua dd phdt triln mdt nln vdn h d Ptidt gido ridng eda Dai Viet khde biet vdi vdn hda Trang Hoa

Mdt dd'u d'n quan trpng thdi ndy id vide khai sinh Thiln phdi Thdo Oudng Tuy nhidn, vl khuynh hudng thien v l Iri thde vd vdn ehuong, Thien phdi Thao DUdng khdng duoc phdt triln rdng quan chung md chi anli hudng din mdt sd tri thde cd khuynh hudng vdn hpc Tac phim Thiln Uyin Tdp Anh ed ghi lai tdn hp 19 vi thudc Thiln phdi Thio Oudng nhung rat tilc khdng ghi lai tllu sd, nien dai d e d i trayin thda cda moi vj

Oao Phdt Ihdi nhd Ly d nhilu inh hudng sdu rdng vdi dan Ihudng vd d vua quan Cd sfi 19 vi eda Thien phdi Thao Oudng la euslmd phin idn Id vua quan, dd ed ba vjvuald Ly Thanh Tdng, LyAnhTdng, va Ly Cao Tdng Rat nhilu thien sU ddi Ly tham gia chfnh su ma khdng Siam du ehi'nh quyen

Rd'l nhllu d n g trinh ehda, tupng thap duoc xdy dung md cho tdl cdn luu trayin sd dd Id An Nam TdOai Khi gdm: thap Bao Thien, chudng Quy Diln, dinh Phd Minh vd tdpng Quynh Lam V l Idi sdng eda ngudi dan thdi bay gid, hpc gia Hodng Xudn Han vilt Irong lac pham "Ly Thudng Kiit" "Ddl Ly ed the gpl Id ddi thuin nhll Ijch sd nudc ta Dd ehinh la inh hudng eda dao Phdt" Cdn Oai Viet Sd ky Todn thu chep: "Mda ddng nam Al Mdi 1055, trdi gia ret, vua da bao vdi cac quan; Trim d cung, nao Id sudi ngu, nio ao idt cau mi cdn ret nhuthe niy, nghl den ngudi tu giam nguc, khd sd vi gdng cum, ehua biet rd gian mi khdng duac no bung, ao khdng kin minh, gid ret khS thin, hdic m the chet khdng noi nUOng tua, trim rat thuang xdf Viy lenh eho hdu ly phit chin chieu va mdi cho in hai bda cam"

Nam 1065, vua Ly Thanh Tdng, mdt

THl/ONG THl/C VE TON GlAO U P dll M M t i c TOn gHo

phidn xd ki§n b diin Thidn Khdnh, dd chi vdo Cdng chda D^ng Thidn ddng hlu bdn eanh md bio ngyc Ifl ring: Tdng ta ytu ta, cQhg nhu King cha mp din ydu din, din khdng bUt mi mic vio hlnh phip, ta rit liy lim (huong Td vi sau, khdng cd gl Idi ning nhp, diu nhit lu$t khoan giim"

Phft gido thdl nhd Trin: nhd Trin Idn nim quyln tilp tye k l thda vd phdt Iriin thdm nln ting xd hdi d l d td thdi Ly dd d dao Phdt Ndt n i l bdt nhit cfla dao Phdt thdi ky ndy so vdi M i tnide Id sd ddl cda Thiln phdi Tnic Ldm Ydn Td, dp ngudi Vidl d n g ldp md Tfi sd chinh Id vj vua d l nhddng ngfil chp d i xult gia Ttin Nhdn Tfing (Thiln phdi ndy d n boat dfing tdi ngdy vdi gin 30 thiln vidn Irong d nudc hd thfing hoat dfing cda Gido hdi Phdt gido Vidt Nam) Oao Phdt Ihdi Trin dd dat ti9i eye thjnh bdi vl d c vj minh qudn lde biy gid bill lly gid Iri cda dao Phdt d i d kit nhdn tdm md ddnh gldc, vun bdi tri ddc md gid nddc vd md nddc, xdy dyng d l l nudc cudng thinh

Dilm nil bdt Id d c h Thiin Uyin Tip Anh (hay Thiin Uyin Tap Anh NgO Lpc), c6 thu xua nhit d n gid lai duoc d i n viit v l dao Phdt tai Vidt Nam, di duoc kit tdp vdo thdi nhd Trin Ody Id mdt tdp d c h ndi v l d c vj thiln su Vldl Nam Id cufil I h l ky thd sdu d i n I h l ky Ihd mudi ba Sdeh ndy bit diu dUDe bidn ldp vdo khdng trai5e ndm 1134 cho d i n d i u t h i ky thd mudi ba thi hodn td't ( d n nfii them khdng phai s d d dao Phdt thdi Ly, Trin it md nhd Minh xdm luoe Dai Vidt I h l ky XV dd tjeh Ihu vd hdy gin hit)

Sd idpng ehua, thdp cdng nhd ldng si thdi ky ndy Idng ldn rd't nhilu, d le id nhilu nhd'l ijch sd Vidt Nam n l u so vdi tuong quan sd ddn ngdy l y Cdc chua cQng nhd tdng si duoc nhilu uu dai khdng chi td phia vua quan nhd Tran md d n Id nhan ddn Sdeh Trayin ky man lye cfla Nguyen Dd ehdp: "Cic chOa nhu Hoing Giang, Bdng CS, An Sinh, Yin Td, Phd Minh Ngpc Thanh dung tin

nhan nhin khip nai; nhOng ngudi cit tdc lim ting ni nhliu bing nda din s8 thudng Nhit li huydn Bdng Triiu, si/sOng thuang Ipi dng qui lim: chua chiin di/ng lin, ling tdn c6 hon mudi chua, ling nhd cOng chiing nim, du: ngoii bao tiing lOy, ttong td ving son "

Oilu dd eho I h l y sd du di qua mde ddnh eho gidi xult gia cdng bdc IA mdt trdi, eho d i n cufil thdi nhd Trin dd tao mdt d bit cdp khdi d i u cho sd suy thodi d a dao Phdt sau ndy

III ChCia VInh Nghiem Phat gido Vift Nam

Chda VInh Nghidm ( d n d tdn gpi Id chua Ode La) thudc Ihfin Ode La, xa Tri Ydn, huydn Ydn Dung, S'nh Ble Giang (tmiSc thufic xd Ode La, tfing Trf Ydn, phd Lang Giang) Chda tpa lac noi hop luu d a d n g Lye Nam vd d n g Thuong (gpi Id ngd ba Phuong Nhan) Chda nhin la nga ba sdng, phfa Lye Olu Giang - KHp Bae, vung Cim Ly cda ngfi vdo nui Ydn Td Bao quanh chua Id nui non dd d ndi Cd Tidn Bdn d n g Id vuong phd c i ^ Trin Hung Oao, d i n Kilp Bac Chda Vinh Nghidm d vi hf rat quan trang tfn nguSng Phdt gido b Vilt Nam td xa xda ndn nhung ngudi Iheo dao Phdt td thdl l y da d d u :

"Ai qua Yin TO, Quynh LSm, Vihh NghUm chua tdi thiin tim chua dinh"

TdOng trayin d u a Vinh Nghidm d tddlu thdl LyThdlTi (1010-1028), ten ehdld Vinh Nghidm t u Thdi vua Trin Thdnh Tdng (1258-1278) d d e vi eao tdng lu hdnh b ddy ndn chua dui3e tdn tao nguy nga, trdng le Kill vua Trin Nhin Tdng (1258-1308), tdbd ngdi vua, xult gia tu hdnh d i n chda Vinh Nghiem, chda Ngoa Vdn (Ydn Td) thy gidi, lly hieu Id Huong Vdn Dai Olu Od, sau ndy d n g ldp idn phai Thiln ldng cfla Phdt glao Viel Nam (Thiln phdi Tnic Lam) Huong Van d n g hai de td Phdp Loa, HuyIn Quang sang ldp

Tfp Chi COng tic TOn giio THirdNG THiJC VE TON GlAo

h d n chinh phdi Thiln Idng Vidt Nam ndn ba vi duoe gpl Id Tam tfi Mdt I l m bia chda vHt: "Ode Id d i l u Ngd (tdc Trin Nhdn Tdng) md Tung Idm ndy (ldc chda VInh Nghidm), md ea chp ehda Cdc vj vuOng thdn qude thfeh vd khdch thdp phdOng dd phdt tdm Idu nhieu mdng cdng cho chfla, gdm d radng xd vd radng b d e hat khde nda"

Nguydn chda Ngoa Vdn sd Hidn Quang tra tri Do Ydn Td Id qud hddng nhd Trin vd ndl vua Trin Thai Tdng ldp phdi Tnic Ldm d ddy ndn Huong Vdn Trin Nhdn Tdng thy gidl cd chda VInh Nghidm vd chda Ngpa v i n Phdp Loa ddoe ngdi Hdong Vdn trayin phdp da dl khip nPl thuylt phdp, giing bd sdch "Thiln UyIn Truyin Ddng Lue" KhI Huong Vdn vidn tjeh, Phdp Loa ldm l l hoi tang, xdy thdp md d nui Yen Td, ddng tdn hidu la "Oai Thdnh Trin Trilu Tnic Ldm Olu Da Tinh Tud Gldc Hodng Oilu Ngu T i Phdt" gpi la Trae Ldm de nhat To Roi Phap Loa v l chua VInh Nghiem tra tri, xdy dyng ndl day thdnh trung tam Phdt gido, dao lao tdng dd vd xep ddt Idng ehde, ehi dao d e chda c i nude Phap Loa eho due 1.300 tupng, dddc ddc trdeh djnh tdng dd, dd cd hon 15.000 Idng ni, de Id, dd cd hon 3.000 die phap, md 200 sd dudng Cho soan lai d c sdch "Ooan Sdeh Lye, Tham Thiln, Yeu Chi,

Chda Vinh Nghiem d quy md Idn, tpa lac Sen minh d l l khoang ha, bao quanh khudn vidn la luy tre ddy dde Chda duoe kiln tnic Sen mdt Sue, hudng Odng Nam gfim khoi: loa Thien dddng, toa Thupng didn, nhd To dd nhat, gae chudng, nhd To de nhj va mfil sd dng Sinh khac Md diu Id d n g Tam quan xdy gaeh, sau dd di vdo hon 100 m Id Bdi dudng (dda Hd) Td ngdy dung chda, hai ben dudng ddOc trdng Ihdng de chdn Idng lam, d d y dddng kinh gan Im Tren sdn chda d mdt lam bia lo, mdt, dung ndm Hoang Dinh Ihd (1606) vdi ndi dung ghi lai viec thing tu chda ndm dd Od'l dien vdi td'm bia d Id vudn thap md Irong dd vj sd d tdn tudi

Id d c hda thdong: Phd Ldng Trang phdp (hidu Sa mdn), Thdng Dud dng Duydn, Thanh Quy, Tjnh Phuong Sa mdn, Thanh Hanh vd mdt sd thdp khac

M(ic bin chua Vinh Nghlim: chda VInh Nghidm xua Id noi ddo luydn tdng dfi Phdt gido ndn Id noi tdng trd cde t)d vdn kinh, xua rdng Idi 10 gian nhd Tinh Idi nhdng bp vdn kinh ed td 700 ndm trade Id kho sdch c6 vd edng quy gid, nhu Bd ludt Sa di ti khidu (348 gidl ludt), bd Ydn Td nhit Sinh tdthlky 15 (qud trinh hlnh thdnh phdi tnic Ldm), Hoa nghidm sd, D i d d d sao, Oai thda chi qudn, Gidi kinh ni Nhilu kd vdn in kinh vin cdn Od id kho vdn khic in, ngUdi xua gpi Id mdc thu khfi Id hidn vdt minh chdng chda VInh Nghidm tdng thd'ng lanh 72 chdn tflng Idm Hien kho mdc thd vin Idu gid dupe 34 dau d c h vdi gin 3.000 bin khic, mdi bin cd hai mdt, moi mdt Sang sach khic nguoc (dm ban) khoang 2000 chd Ndm, chd Hdn Nhdng ban khie ed nidn dai sdm nhll, nhilu sdch nhd'l ehd chuin dep nhat vd dat din dp tinh xao, S'ong sd mde Ihu edn luu gid dupc d ndde la Td nhdng van khic dd, d I h l In dd bien lan, ban tdm, ngu vl, thien diu, dja cudc Bien lan ed khung vlln l l trang sdch id mat dudng chi lo vd mdt dudng ehi nhd Ban tdm eho bill tdn sdeh, thd Id trang sdeh Thdpng Bin tdm d Ngd vl theo kieu song Ngd vl T i hClU, thdpng Bien lan d Thidn dau - Dja eude Cde bin mdc thu ehd yeu ghi chep kinh luat nhd Phdt, ljch sd hinh Ihdnh vd phdt trien Thiln phai Tnic Ldm, trade tdc eda vi td thiln phdi id Trin Nhan Tdng, Phdp Loa vd HuyIn Quang: ngodi edn ed d e tac pham tho, phu, nhat ky eda Mae OInh Chi va mdt sd vj cao tdng Nghien cdu mde Ihd khd, ehdng ta d lupng thdng tin phong phd, da dang v l lieh sfl Phdt gido Id tudng hanh dao, nhdp the cfla Thiln phdi True Ldm, vdn hpe, phong tuc tdp quan eung su phat trien eda nghl khic in mdc Ihu va nghe thudt cham khac gd cda Viet Nam Mat sd mdc thu gidi thieu each chda bdnh bang thudc nam, d c h

THUONG THllC VE TON GlAO Tf p Chi COng tic TOn giio chdm cdu vdi bin sa dd ehi din ede huy^t rd

rdng, Hi^n phdng maeh eda nhd chda vin k l thda d e bdi thude ghi mdc thd d l ehda d c bdnh v l thin kInh, dau xuOng khdp vd d o bdnh v l Sdu hda

Vldl Nam tflng dd Sinh Idn UNESCO hd so mdc bin kinh Phdt chda VInh Nghidm d l nghj d n g nh$n Id di sin td lidu thfi gidl Hfi so m$c bin kinh Phdt chda Vinh Nghidm cdng dd duoe UNESCO d n g nhdn

H4 thding chua Vinh Nghlim ngiy nay: ehda VInh nghidm b Bic Glang d vj trf r l l Idn Song Phdt gldc Vldl Nam td xa xua tdl dd Id d f i n T i , Id nol phdt tieh eda Thiln phdi Tnic Ldm, ddng thiln ridng eda Phdt gidp Vldl Nam Sau Hidp djnh Glo-ne-vo ndm 1954, mfil sfi vj sd ngudl miln Bic dl cd vdo Nam edng vdi nhilu bd eon phdt Id, O l nhd v l chdn T i miln Bic, ndm 1964, hai h d IhdOng Thfeh Tdm Gldc va Thich Thanh Kilm Id Ble vdo Nam trayin bd Phdt gido dd eho xdy ehda VInh Nghiem d sfi 339, Nam Ky Khdi Nghia, phudng 7, Qudn 3, TR Hfi Chl Minh Chda Iheo nguydn m i u thill k l td ngfil chfla gfi noi ehfin Tfi, tinh Bic Giang Ngudi vd kilu chp cfing trinh ehua VInh nghiem b TP Hfi Chi Minh Id kiln tnic sd Nguyin Bd Ldng, ngudi d i u Iidn sd dyng vdt lidu hidn dai

nhung gid nguydn nhdng gid trj kien true chda Vl^t Nam truyin thd'ng Tiln xdy dung ddpc l l y td ddng gdp d n g dde d a chu Idn hda thuong, chu thupng tpa, dai ddc tdng, ni vd phdt td, chd y l u cd nguydn qudn miln Ble sdng tai miln Nam

Chua duoe khdi d n g ndm 1964 tai khu sinh lly bdn canh rach sdng Thj Nghd ed Trang qud trinh Ihi d n g , phii d i thlm 40.000 m' d l l l i p sinh l l y Cdng Sinh duOe h d n thdnh v l CO b i n vdo ndm 1971, gfim Phdt didn Bio Sidp vd eo sd vdn hda xa hSi Ndm 1982, chua xdy thdm Bio thdp Xd Lpi Cdng dfing, hodn Ihdnh ndm 1984 Thdp d n g dupc xdy theo mdt kilu khd dde ddo, d ede d u thang td sdn d i n Idn thdp Ody Id noi d l Ip ddng trp Ihl hdi ngudi qud d Thdp Od gfim ting cap 14 m d a chda tux hodn thdnh vdo ngdy 27-12-2003, duoc coi Id thdp Od cao nhll vd cdng phu nhit Vidt Nam

Ngodi d c ngdi ehda VInh Nghidm dupe xdy dyng Song nude, hidn b nudc ngdi edng da d nhilu ngdi ehda mang ten ehda VInh Nghidm d i nhd ve efli ngufin Phat gido trang nudc nhd d OuC, See, Uc, My, dang Idm cho anh hudng d a ngdi ehda VInh Nghidm lan xa vd Idm eho gid tri Phdt giao Viet Nam duoc Imyin bd rdng k h i p

Dll PHiT THANH - TEIIY&I HlNH

(tiep tlieo trang 20)

boat ddng quan ly nhd nudc v l tdn gido de d c cd quan bdo ddl tuyln chpn nhdng phdng vidn cd trinh dd, ndng lde v l bdo chf vd trinh dd hilu bill v l tdn gido vd cdng tde Idn gido d l cd dilu kldn eho ddl nhCfng lde phim bdo chl dat chat iupng, phd hpp vdi Tnh vde Idn gido

3 Cac Bdo, Ddi phai ddnh nhilu vj Iri vd CO cdc chuyen myc nhd'l dmh v l tdn giao d l ddng vd chuyen lai nhilu bdi viet v l ddi

sdng tdn gido b nude la hidn nay; kip thdi d vQ, ddng vidn d c tin dd tdn gido sfing Ifit ddi dep dao, thde hidn Ifit ehfl tniOng, dddng idi eua Oang, ehinh sdch, phap Iual cda Nhd nudc v l tdn gido Phil thddng xuyen quan Idm vd dfii mdi d c h Ihdc luydn Imyin v l chinh sdch Idn gido vd cdng Idc tdn glao d l bdo chl phye vy ngdy d n g Ifil hon ydu d u eda ban dpc, dd d ban dpc id tin ede Idn giao

4 Cdc cP quan ehde ndng tao mpi dieu kien eho phdng vien chuydn nganh dUPc tham gia cae Idp tap huln, bdi ddSng v l cdng Idc tdn gidoi