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(My) va stf tham gia, ho trd ciia mot so'chuyen gia Viet Nam, Hpi ddng Cdng trinh Xanh Viet Nam (VGBC) da dtfdc thanh lap. Hoat ddng cua VGBC htfdng tdi cac muc tieu dat ra cho mdi tr[r]
(1)C O N G C U D A N H G I A C O N G T R I N H X A Y D l / N G L O T U S - H l T C f N G T C f l N H U ' N G C O N G T R I N H X A N H
V A T H A N H P H O X A N H Of V I E T N A M
Dat van de
Bien ddi hau (BDKH) dang trd thach thu'c ldn ddi vdi nhan loai Viec tang phat thai cac loai nha kinh da difdc chdng minh la nguyen nhan chinh dan den hien tifdng nong len toan cau
Theo du" bao cua Uy ban lien qudc gia ve bien ddi hau (IPCC), den cudi theky nay, nhiet trung binh the gidi co the tang it nhat them 1,8°C, nhu'ng cung rat cd the nhiet se tang them tdi 4°C Hien tifdng ndng len toan cau dan tdi nhieu he qua ma mot sd' la mtfc nifdc bien dang cao Ngoai ra, cac hien tifdng thdi tiet ctfc doan nhu" bao, lu hit, han han cung xay thtfdng xuyen hdn
Tuy vao v i tri dia ly, cac ntfdc se ganh chiu nhtfng he qua cua hien ttfdng nong len toan cau vdi mtfc khac Viet Nam da dtfdc liet ke vao danh sach mot nhffng ntfdc chiu anh htfdng nang ne nhat ttf BDKH Viet Nam, vdi dia hinh trai dai tif Bac xuong Nam, vdi bd bien dai tren 3.200 km va dong bang chau thd ldn, rat de bi anh htfdng nang ne bdi mtfc ntfdc bien dang Tren thtfc te, hien ttfdng bien xam thtfc dang xay Co nhffng ndi, hien ttfdng xam nhap man da vao sau tdi hdn 70km dat lien Cac ddt han han nhtf da xay vao miia khd nam 2010 vtfa qua day hien ttfdng xam man vao sau cac dong bang chau thd, lam cho mot dien tich dat canh tac ldn, cung nhtf ntfdc ngam bi nhiem man, gay anh htfdng nghiem tdi viec ttfdi tieu nong nghiep, nudi thiiy san, chat ltfdng da't trdng va cap ntfdc cho sinh hoat va cdng nghiep Han han cung anh htfdng tdi san ltfdng ciia cac nha may thuy dien, mtfc ntfdc cac
• Y A N N I C K MILLET (*) N G U Y E N VIET A N H (**) ho thiiy dien xudng thap, va bai toan kho ve can bang giffa stf dung ltfdng ntfdc lai cho ttfdi tieu hay cho san xuat dien khdng phai luc nao cung cd ldi giai thoa dang B D K H cung cd the lam tang ca ctfdng va tan sua't ciia cac tran bao, lu K h i do, ntfdc lai trd mdi de doa ldn, gay nhffng thiet hai khdn ltfdng ve tinh mang, tai san ciia nhan dan, tan pha moi trtfdng ndi bao, lu di qua Nhffng tran mtfa to, lu, lut lich stf nam 2008 tai Ha Ndi, nam 2010 tai Ha Tinh, trieu ctfdng xay lien tuc d pho' Ho Chi Minh, vv la nhffng v i du dien hinh ve hau qua ciia thien tai lien quan den nhffng thay ddi bat thtfdng ciia hau, thdi tiet Ket qua nghien ctfu ciia Vien Khoa hoc ttfdng thuy van va mdi trtfdng cung cho thay, vdng 50 nam qua, nhiet trung binh nam d Viet Nam da tang khoang 0,7°C, mtfc ntfdc bien da dang khoang 20cm va dtf tinh nhiet trung binh cd the tang len 3°C va mtfc ntfdc bien cd the dang l m vao nam 2100, anh htfdng tdi mot vung lanh thd rong ldn
Ben canh nhtfng van de vdi B D K H , Viet Nam dang trai qua thdi ky phat trien kinh te -xa hoi manh me Dan so'do thi cang tang vdi tdc rat nhanh Cho de'n 10/2010, ca ntfdc da cd khoang 770 thi ldn nho, vdi gan 30% dan sd' ca ntfdc Mtfc do thi hda dtf doan se dat 45% vao nam 2030, va dien tich thi tfdc tinh se tang gap ddi thap ky
(2)da khong dap tfng tdt nhu cau hien tai Day se la nhu'ng md'i de doa ldn ddi vdi tri? hrdng va chat ltfdng ntfdc mat va ntfdc ngam tai cac thi
Tdm lai, B D K H cimg vdi mtfc tang trtfdng kinh te' va thi hoa nhanh dang dtfa Viet Nam de'n trtfdc tinh trang thieu dien, thieu ntfdc sach, an ninh ltfdng thtfc bi de doa, va cud'i cung, tdng hdp nhffng van de tren se can trd stf phat trien K T - X H chung cua da't ntfdc
Vdi muc tieu vtfdt qua nhffng thach thtfc do, Chinh phii Viet Nam da xay dtfng
"Chtfdng trinh muc tieu qudc gia tfng phd vdi bien ddi hau" ttf nam 2008 Day la chtfdng trinh qudc gia quan trong, lien quan de'n rat nhieu linh vtfc, nham dd'i phd vdi bie'n ddi hau, giam thieu thiet hai gay dd'i vdi Viet Nam Chtfdng trinh xac dinh nhiem vu tam tich hdp van de bie'n ddi hau vao tat ca cac hnh vtfc phat trien kinh te' - xa hoi, nguyen tac la phat trien ben vtfng, dam bao tinh he tho'ng, tdng hdp, nganh, lien nganh, lien viing, binh dang ve gidi, xoa ddi giam ngheo; dong thdi cac hoat dong tfng phd vdi bien ddi hau cd tam diem, cd tinh chat dd'i phd trtfdc mat cung nhtf lau dai
Thich tfng vdi B D K H nganh x&y dtfng va stf ddi cua cong cu LOTUS cua Viet Nam
Theo IPCC, cac hoat dong nganh xay dtfng chiem tdi 1/4 tdng ltfdng phat thai nha kinh toan cau Cac dien tich xay dtfng cung tieu ton khoang 30-40% tdng ltfdng nang ltfdng tieu diing, 20% tdng ltfdng tieu thu ntfdc toan cau va 40-50% tdng ltfdng tieu thu vat lieu thd
Cung chinh vi vay, cac cong trinh xay dtfng cd kha nang cat giam ltfdng phat thai nha kinh ldn nha't tren the gidi Neu cac cdng trinh dtfdc thiet ke td't, cung nhtf dtfdc xay dtfng va van hanh diing each, cd the giam thieu cac anh htfdng tieu ctfc tdi he sinh thai va trd nen thich nghi hdn vdi cac anh htfdng ttf BDKH
Sau Nghi dinh thtf Kyoto, mot so'hiep hoi
D I E N D A N PHAT TRIEN NGANH chuyen nganh tren the gidi da tich ctfc xay dtfng cac phtfdng phap tiep can mdi thiet ke cong trinh, htfdng tdi han che cac anh htfdng tieu ctfc tdi mdi trtfdng ttf cac hoat ddng xay dtfng Trong do, cac giai phap nham tiet kiem va stf dung hieu qua nang ltfdng, ntfdc va vat lieu, giam thieu phat thai va cai thien mdi trtfdng nha dtfdc khuyen khich nhieu nhat
Ttf nhffng btfdc tiep can ban dau, cac bd tieu chi "Cdng trinh Xanh" da dtfdc xay dtfng, giiip cho viec danh gia cac gdc khac ciia mot cdng trinh "Xanh" Cac bo cdng cu danh gia Cdng trinh Xanh dau tien la BREEAM cua Anh (1990), LEED cua My (1998), Green Star ciia Uc (2003), CASBEE ciia Nhat (2004), Green Mark ciia Singapore, vv Cac bd cdng cu dtfdc khai thac theo cd che thi trtfdng, xuat phat ttf ldi ich thtfc stf ciia cac chii cdng trinh dat dtfdc nhtfng tieu chi Xanh Trong phan ldn trtfdng hdp, cac bo cdng cu danh gia dtfdc phd bien va van hanh bdi cac td chtfc phi chinh phii, phi ldi nhuan, cac "Hpi ddng Cong trinh Xanh" (Green Building Councils) Cac td chtfc hoat dpng vdi stf bao trd ciia cac cd quan chinh phii, ddng vai trd la ben thtf ba, cung cap chtfng chi Cdng trinh Xanh
Nam 1999, cac td chtfc ndi tren da ciing lap "Hpi ddng Cdng trinh Xanh Qudc te - WGBC" Tdi nam 2007, vdi ndng cot la td chtfc phi chinh phii Green Cities Fund Inc (My) va stf tham gia, ho trd ciia mot so'chuyen gia Viet Nam, Hpi ddng Cdng trinh Xanh Viet Nam (VGBC) da dtfdc lap Chtfdng trinh da dtfpc chinh thtfc cong nhan bdi Hpi ddng Cong trinh Xanh The gidi vao thang 12/2007 va bdi Bp Xay dtfng vao thang 3/2009 Hoat ddng cua VGBC htfdng tdi cac muc tieu dat cho mdi trtfdng nganh xay dtfng Chtfdng trinh muc tieu Qudc gia nham tfng phd vdi B D K H cua Viet Nam
Chtfdng trinh phi ldi nhuan cdn nham ket nd'i cac ben lien quan nganh xay dtfng (Nha ntfdc, cac chuyen gia ttf cac trtfdng So Tet Tan Mao 1+2 - Nam 2011
(3)va vien nghien ctfu, kho'i doanh nghiep, ttf nhan), ho trd lan nhau, tao lap mot mdi trtfdng xay dtfng ben vtfng va thich tfng Cac nhiem vu chinh cua Chtfdng trinh bao gdm: nang cao nhan thtfc chung; tang ctfdng nang ltfc; thuc day cac hoat dong dinh dang Cdng trinh Xanh phu hdp vdi dieu kien Viet Nam - thdng qua bp cong cu danh gia LOTUS
VGBC da xay dtfng LOTUS cho Viet Nam, dtfa tren cd sd nghien ctfu cac cdng cu danh gia Cong trinh Xanh tren the gidi nhtf I IT.I), Green Star, GBI Malaysia, Green Mark Singapore Chtfng chi LOTUS khdng thay the cho Luat Xay dtfng, cac quy chuan va tieu chuan Qudc gia Nha ntfdc ban hanh, ma dtfa vao cac van ban phap quy tren de xay dtfng nen bp tieu chi danh gia hd sd thiet ke, cong tac quan ly van hanh bao dtfdng cong trinh phii hpp vdi dieu kien hau, cdng nghe thi cong xay dtfng va van ban phap luat xay dtfng hien hanh cua Viet Nam Viec dang ky dich vu xin cap chtfng chi LOTUS vdi
VGBC ciia doanh nghiep la ttf nguyen Bai viet xin gidi thieu Phien ban thtf nghiem LOTUS danh cho cdng trinh khong phai la nha d, dtfdc hoan thien thang 6/2010, sau nam nghien ctfu va lan xem xet, ddng gdp y kien bdi cac chuyen gia va ngoai ntfdc He tho'ng danh gia cdng trinh theo thang diem To'ng diem td'i da la 150, phan theo mtfc danh gia: Dat chtfng nhan, Bac va Vang (De biet them chi tiet, xin truy cap web-site cua VGBC: http://www.vgbc.org.vn/)
LOTUS dac biet chu trpng viec dtfa cac yeu to' thich nghi vdi B D K H vao qua trinh thiet ke'cdng trinh Day la mot diem khac biet so vdi cac cdng cu danh gia khac Ngoai ra, cac dieu kien tien quye't LOTUS thtfdng dtfdc xay dtfng dtfa tren cac quy dinh luat phap nhtf cac quy chuan, tieu chuan, de dam bao cac cong trinh ap dung cong cu trtfdc het phai man thii day dii cac van ban phap quy xay dtfng
LOTUS khdng chi cap chtfng chi d giai doan thiet ke, ma tiep tuc danh gia hoat
dpng quan ly khai thac, van hanh cdng trinh sau dtfdc xay dtfng V i vay, viec cap chtfng chi day dii bao gdm hai btfdc Btfdc dau tien: sau thiet ke, danh gia cac thuoc tinh ciia cdng trinh (Chtfng chi LOTUS Thiet ke - Tam thdi) Chtfng chi giiip cac nha dau ttf co the quang cao cho dtf an ciia hp ttf sdm Btfdc danh gia tiep theo se bat dau sau cdng trinh van hanh dtfdc 18 thang, nham muc dich danh gia nhffng thdng sd' thtfc te van hanh ciia cdng trinh Cong trinh vdi cac yeu cau dtfdc hoan day dii d ca hai btfdc se dtfdc nhan Chtfng chi LOTUS Chinh thtfc
Hien nay, LOTUS danh cho cdng trinh khdng phai la nha d dang dtfpc ap dung de danh gia dtf an: Tda nha Xanh ciia Lien hpp qudc d Ha Npi, tda nha van phong va nha may tai phd'Ho Chi Minh
VGBC hien dang phat trien Cong cu LOTUS danh cho nha d Dtf kien de'n 2011, bp cdng cu danh cho Van hanh va Bao dtfdng cdng trinh se dtfdc xay dtfng, cho phep hoan thien he thdng LOTUS bao quat het mpi hoat dpng lien quan de'n cac dtf an xay dtfng cdng trinh
Bp tieu chi ciia LOTUS dtfdc chia bp mdn nhtf sau:
- Nang ltfpng (diem td'i da 34, chiem 23% so'diem);
- Ntfdc (td'i da 15 diem, chiem 10%); - Vat lieu xay dtfng (td'i da 20 diem, chiem 13%);
- Sinh thai (td'i da 13 diem, chiem 9%); - Chat thai va d nhiem (td'i da 13 diem, chiem 9%);
- Stfc khoe va tien nghi (td'i da 20 diem, chiem 13%);
- Thich tfng va giam thieu (td'i da 13 diem, chiem 8%);
(4)D I E N D A N PHAT TRIEN NGANH Cac tieu chi ve cfi'p thoat ntfdc
cong trinh xay dtfng theo cong cu LOTUS nham thich tfng vol B D K H
Trong cong cu LOTUS danh cho cong trinh khong phai la nha d, cac tieu chi ve ntfdc chiem 10% tdng sddiem danh gia
Bang cac giai phap thiet ke cung nhtf van hanh hieu qua, cong trinh xay dtfng cd the dong gdp dang ke viec tfng vdi BDKH, nhat la cac van de lien quan tdi tai nguyen ntfdc
Mot mat, LOTUS htfdng tdi viec dam bao cac hau qua cua B D K H nhtf lu lut phai dtfdc tinh toan ky qua trinh thiet ke Cac nghien ctfu, danh gia ve lu lut phai dtfdc xem xet ky, nham dtf bao mtfc rui ro Ngtfdi thiet ke phai dam bao cac tang ham, cac ket cau, cac thiet bi cd - dien phai dtfdc dat lai vi tri phii hdp de tranh thiet hai lu hit xay
Mat khac, LOTUS khuyen khich cac cdng trinh tiet kiem ntfdc, giam ltfdng ntfdc sach tieu thu va ltfdng ntfdc thai phat sinh Dong thdi, ltfdng ntfdc mtfa thoat ngoai pham vi cong trinh cung phai dtfdc han che, nham giam tac ddng ciia lu hit den khu vtfc xung quanh va tang dd thi noi chung
Giam 10% ltfdng ntfdc tieu thu so vdi tieu chuan dung ntfdc la dieu kien tien quyet ciia LOTUS Dtf an se dtfdc thtfdng diem neii giam nhu cau su" dung ntfdc mot each hieu qua bang viec sii dung cac thiet bi tiet kiem ntfdc nhtf voi ntfdc cao ap co ltfu ltfdng nho, bon can hai nut nhan, be xi tach ntfdc, au tieu khd,
Qua trinh phun ntfdc va bde hdi he tho'ng dieu hda khong stf dung ntfdc cong trinh ciing tieu thu mot ltfdng ntfdc dang ke Do do, cac he tho'ng cung dtfdc xem xet den nhdm tieu chi tiet kiem ntfdc ciia LOTUS Cac he thdng dieu hda phai tuan thii cac tieu chi lien quan tdi giai nhiet thap lam lanh nhtf quy dinh Quy chuan xay dtfng Viet Nam QCXDVN 09:2005 - Cac cdng trinh xay dtfng stf dung nang ltfdng co hieu qua, nhtf mot dieu kien tien quye't Dd'i vdi cac he thdng co hieu qua tiet kiem ntfdc
cao hdn mtfc quy dinh quy chuan, LOTUS thtfdng diem cho cac cdng trinh
LOTUS khuyen khich viec thiet ke cac he tho'ng thu gom, xir ly va tai stf dung ntfdc xam tda nha va khudn vien Ntfdc thai thu hoi ttf cac chau rira, nha tam, ntfdc rtfa san cdng trinh, khdng lan vdi ntfdc thai nha bep hay chat thai ciia ngtfdi, dong vat, co the dtfdc xd ly va tai stf dung de xa toilet, rtfa xe, ttfdi cay,
Thiet ke san vtfdn tiet kiem ntfdc cung giam dang ke ltfdng ntfdc tieu thu cho muc dich ttfdi vtfdn Nhieu giai phap khac cd the dtfdc ap dung nhtf stf dung he tho'ng ttfdi ntfdc nho giot (drip irrigation), trdng cac cay chiu han, giam thieu cac dien tich trdng cd, vv
Be tdng hda be mat phii dd thi la mot nguyen nhan lam gia tang ddng chay len he tho'ng cdng ranh thoat ntfdc mtfa, dan de'n nguy cd ung ngap, lut l o i phd LOTUS thtfdng diem cho cac dien tich san, bai cd kha nang tham hiit cao, nham khuyen khich qua trinh tham ntfdc ttf nhien vao long da't
Song song vdi cac tieu chi tren, viec tich trff ntfdc mtfa la mot giai phap tot nham han che stf dung ngudn ntfdc sach da qua xtf ly ttf cac nha may ntfdc cho cac nhu cau thiet ye'u cdng trinh Ntfdc mtfa dtfdc tich trtf khudn vien cdng trinh gdp phan lam giam ltfu ltfdng ttfc thdi ciia ntfdc mtfa chay vao cac cdng thoat ntfdc cua phd', vo'n da qua tai cac tran mtfa ldn Neu each lam dtfdc ap dung rong rai, se lam giam dang ke ap ltfc dd'i vdi cac he thdng cap ntfdc, thu gom va xtf ly ntfdc thai dd thi
De khuyen khich y thtfc quan ly tai nguyen ntfdc chat che, LOTUS thtfdng diem cho viec lap dat cac he thdng ltfdng, giam sal viec sii dung ntfdc toan cdng trinh Vice giam sat co the dtfdc tien hanh thdng qua he tho'ng ddng hd ntfdc dat tai cac diem stf dung ntfdc chinh, hoac, hieu qua hdn, thong qua he tho'ng giam sat trung tam
So Tet Tan Mao 1+2 - Nam 2011
(5)Bang Cac tieu chi ve ntfdc cong cu danh gia cong t r i n h Xanh LOTUS N h d m
t i e u c h i Cac t i e u c h i d o n D i e m
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Ben canh cac bien phap giam thieu stf dung midc ciing nhu" giam ltfdng ntfdc thai phat sinh noi tren LOTUS cd diem thtfdng cho viec xtf ly ntfdc thai hieu qua tai cong trinh Trong ltfdng ntfdc thai dtfdc xtf ly tap trung d cac thi mdi chi dat khoang 10%, mo hinh x i i ly ntfdc thai phan tan phii hdp khuon vien cong trinh xanh cd the gdp phan cai thien dang ke tinh trang nhiem moi trtfdng ntfdc dat giam bdt ganh nang len he thdng tang ky thuat hien
Cuoi cung LOTUS nhan manh vao tinh
cap thiet cua viec quan ly ntfdc sach va ntfdc thai LOTUS dtfa cac giai phap hieu qua ma cac cong trinh cd the ap dung de giam bdt nhu cau tieu thu ntfdc noi chung, cung nhtf giam ltfdng ntfdc thai phat sinh va giam anh htfdng ciia ting ngap
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nifdc cap va nifdc thai difdc de cap la mot nhffng noi dung can dtfdc khuyen khich ap dung
Be cd the so sanh, danh gia, dtfa nhffng cd sd khoa hoc de thay difdc ldi ich ve mat ky thuat va kinh te' ap dung nhffng giai phap xanh, can thiet cd nhffng bo cdng cu du manh, vdi cac tieu chi danh gia cu the, phii hdp vdi dieu kien tif nhien, K T - X H va he tho'ng van ban phap quy ciia Viet Nam LOTUS cua VGBC da difdc xay dtfng nham dap tfng yeu cau tren
LOTUS cd the dtfdc sir dung khdng nhffng de danh gia ve khia canh Xanh, Ben vffng ciia nhffng san pham ttf van thiet ke, thi cdng xay lap hay qua trinh van hanh khai thac cdng trinh thtfc te', ma mang lai nhffng hieu qua kinh te thtfc stf, lau dai cho chir cdng trinh, stf tien nghi va stfc khde cho ngtfdi stf dung, cung nhtf dong gdp nhffng gia tri nha't dinh vao canh quan thien nhien va mdi trtfdng xung quanh LOTUS cung la khung tieu chi quan trong,
D I E N D A N PHAT TRIEN N G A N H lam cd sd hay khung htfdng dan cho chii dau ttf, cac ky stf, kien true stf ttf van thiet ke ltfa chon phtfdng an thiet ke phii hdp nha't, giai phap cdng nghe, cdng trinh, thiet bi va nguyen vat lieu hieu qua nha't, cung nhtf dinh htfdng cho ngtfdi quan ly, van hanh, khai thac cdng trinh cd dtfdc phtfdng an van hanh than thien nha't vdi ngtfdi va mdi trtfdng xung quanh Tuy vay, LOTUS cung chi la mot cdng cu Quan hdn, de nhffng giai phap thich tfng vdi B B K H thtfc stf di vao cuoc sd'ng, moi cdng trinh xay dtfng va lan tda khap cac thi, can cd y thtfc trach nhiem ciia cac chii dau ttf, cac ky stf, kien true stf thiet ke, nha thau xay dtfng va nhffng ngtfdi stf dung cdng trinh
Giai phap td'i tfu chi cd the de'n qua viec thay doi nhan thtfc, thdi quen va each lam thiet ke", xay dtfng, kiem dinh va van hanh mot cdng trinh Qua dd, nhtfng ldi ich se khdng chi bd hep khudn vien cac cdng trinh ma cdn vtfdn tdi tam quy hoach thi va qudc gia
(*) Yannick Millet: Giam dd'c dieu hanh Hdi dong Cdng trinh xanh Viet Nam (VGBC); Bia chi: 8, ngd 31, Phtfdng Liet, Q.Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi
Bien thoai: (04) 6291 3730 E-mail: info@vgbc.org.vn
(**) Nguyin Viet Anh: PGS, TS, vien VGBC, Phd vien trtfdng Vien Khoa hoc va Ky thuat M o i trtfdng (IESE), trtfdng Bai hoc Xay dtfng
Bia chi: 55 Giai phdng, Q HBT, Ha Noi B T : (04) 3628 4509, MP 091320 9689 E-mail: vietanhctn@gmail.com
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Nguyin Viet Anh Thodt ntfdc dd thi ben vung Tap chi Xay dtfng, Bo Xay dtfng So' 10/2009 Trang 32 - 37
QCXBVN 09:2005 Cdc cdng trinh xdy dtfng sddung ndng luong cd hieu qua Bo Xay dtfng Tai lieu hoi thao VGBC Conference 2010 (LOTUS NR Pilot - Official Launch) Hanoi, 6/2010
Besign for lifetime and the future Australia's guide to environmentally sustainable homes Your home technical manual
http://www.yourhome.gov.au/technical
VGBC LOTUS Non-Residential rating tool Pilot version 8/2010 http://
So Tet Tan Mao 1+2 - Nam 2011
http://www.vgbc.org.vn/) http://www.yourhome.gov.au/technical http://