Gasquet - Cyrus [8] thudt ngft NNHXHDT (soeiolinguistique urbaine) khi dng dua ra cdch nhln cd tinh chit ph@ phdn vd Uch sft ve ten ggi cfta thudt ngft. Tuy itiuen, L.J.Calvet cho rd[r]
(1)N G N N G f
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2013TifeP CAN CACH HIEU
KHAI NIfM "NGdN NGCDd THF
LMdehu
Tr^n thi gidi tft chuyen ngdnh ngdn ngft hpc xd hOi ddi, nghien cftu vl sy bien doi ngdn ngft ttong sft dyng d cdc cOng dong xd hOi dd thj dd dupe chft y Cd till ndi, vdn dl ndy dd fliu hftt hau nhu gin hit sy quan tam cfta nhftng cdng oinh nghign cftu thuOc linh vyc ngdn ngft hpc xa hOi bdi tinh chit phftc tgp nhung vd cing phong phu cia nd Theo do, nhilu khuynh hudng nghign cftu vdi nhftng li thuylt vd phuong phdp mdi ddi nhdm dap ftng tinh chat da dgng vd phftc tap cfta nhftng dii tupng nghien cftu cu till Nhu mOt sinh ty nhien, khdi nigm "ngdn ngft thj" dd ddi tft su phat hien mgnh mg cia xu hudng nghign cftu Cho din nay, thugt ngft ndy dd rdt tiijnh hdnh ttong ITrih vyc cfta ngdn ngft hpc xd hOi (NNHXH) Tuy nhien, d ViOt Nam, sft dyng ngdn ngft d dd till, ddc biOt Id cdc tiung tdm dd tin idn nhu Hd Npi vd Tp Hd Chi Mmh vdi tu cdch Id doi tirpng nghign cuu cfta chuygn ngdnh mdi dupe chu y khodng mudi ndm ttd Igi day trade sy bign dOng phftc tgp sft dyng ngdn ngft d dja bdn ttij tdc dOng cia cong cupc ddi mdi dat nude vd xu thi todn cau hda Song phin idn cdc cdng trinh nghign cftu vl ngdn ngft dd till diu chi dftng lai d viOc xem xet nhftng tiiay doi ttong sft dyng ngon ngft trudc xu till dd thj hda, hay ndi
TS NGUYtN THI KIM LOAN
khdc di Id tim hilu van dg dd thj hda ngdn ngft, md thyc chit Id sy thich nghi ngdn ngft sft dyng d cOng dong dd thj Vi vOy, thu|t ngft "ngdn ngft thj" cd lg cftng cdn cd nhftng khia cgnh can dupe ndi ^5 hon Vdi ii vfta ngu, bdi vilt ndy nhdm hai muc dich: I) Ldm rd ban khai niOm "ngdn ngft dd thj"; 2) Gidi thiOu mOt so khuynh hudng n ^ g n ciiu Idn vl ngdn ngft dd thj hiOnnay
2 Ve lhii|t Dgi^ "ngon ngii'do thj" 2.1 Khdi niOm dg thf
Dd thi (urbain) vdi tu cdch Id doi tupng nghien cftu cfta xd hOi hpc: Ra ddi vd phat trien mgnh me d My, nhung xd hOi hpc thj Igi chju nhilu dnh hudng cia tu tudng xd hdi hpc chdu Au Tft nhftng gdc nhhi khdc nhau, cdc nhd xd hOi hpc kinh diln (M.Weber E.Dukheim, H.Maine) ludn gidi vl dd thj theo ba cdch: 1) Dd thi nhu mOt to chftc xd hpi; 2) Dd thi nliu mOt tO ngn; 3) DO thj nhu mOt ldi sdng
(2)Tilp cgn
b) Cdc thdnh td td chtic - xd hgi: Trong d6 bao gIm todn bO cOng ding dan cu sinh song tren dia bdn thi v6i tit cd nhiing thi chl hif n hdnh d (to D\fa tren nhihig d$c dilm vl dia b ^ thih chit qui md vd tl chftc khdng gian - xd hOi, NNHXH liy tiii ldm CO sd dk phdn tich vd ddnh gid s\r hogt dOng vd biln doi ciia ngon ngft Trong d6, thi dugc coi Id khdng gian diln hinh khong chi su tgp trung vl mdt dg ddn cu, ve hf thong co sd vdt chit, md cdn Id mgt khdng gian xd hgi -van hod dien hinh vd phftc tap nhit vdi tu each la mdi trudng the hifn ngdn ngft NNHXH dd thi ^ tan dung nhihig ket qud ddnh gid ctia xa hgi hgc de vgn d\mg vdo vifc phdn tich, va dua nhftng phdn bifn khoa hgc tren co sd cua nhiing ket qud md xd hgi hgc cd dugc Chdng hgn, Manuel Castells cudn la question urbaine (Vdn de dd thi) da thft dua hai xu hudng de xdc dinh tinh chdt dd thi (urbanite) [7]:
- Xu huong thft nhit, tinh chit thi dugc xdc dinh bdi s\r tap trung ciia mft sd lugng dan cu mgt khdng giaiL
- yd xu huong thft hai dugc xdc dinh bdng mgt loai vdn hda thi, logi vdn hda the hifn qua su phat tan mf t hf thing gia tri, thai dg va tap tinh 2.2 Dd thi s\t so sdnh vdi ndng thdn
Dudi gdc i ^ n cftu ciia khoa hgc xd hgi, nhin chung, dd thi (urbain) Id khai nifm tft lau da ludn dugc nghien cim su so sanh khdc biet vdi mft khdi nifm ddi ldp co bdn la ndng thon (rural) Nhftng khdc bift gifta hai loai hinh khdng gian xa hgi dd dugc xdc dinh dua tren: I) Co cau td chftc xd hgi; 2) Trinh d§ phat triln; 3) Nhihig dac dilm vl l6i sing
73 Ndng thon vdi tu cdch la doi tugng nghiSn cftu ciia xd hOi hgc dugc coi nhu mgt phan hf xd hOi cd lanh thi dugc xdc dinh dd dinh hmh tix Idu lich sft D§c trung ciia nd Id s\r thing nhit ddc bift ciia mdi trudng itiidn tgo vdi dilu kifn tvr nhien vugl trgi so vdi thi, vdi kilu td chftc xd hgi phan tan vl m$t khdng gian Ndng thdn dugc phdn bift vdi thi bdi trinh dg phat triln kinh tl Xd hgi ndng thdn bao gid ciing thip kem hon thdnh thj Nguyen Id no ludn thua k6m thi ve mftc dO phiic Igi xd hgi vd sinh hoat Dilu thi hifn rd co cau xd hgi vd lli sdng cua cu ddn ndng thdn ndng thdn, logi hinh hogt dgng kem da dang Dac bift hon la tinh thuan nhat ve xa hgi vd nghe nghifp cao hon thdnh thi Nhftng khdc bift nhu da neu phdn nao khdng dinh vi tri vd vai trd ciia thi vdi tu each la dgng l\rc thuc day sv tien bO Bdi cac thi, ddc biet la cac dd thi Idn bao gid ciing ddng vai trd trung tam ve kinh te, chinh di, van hda ciia xS hgi Lich sft da chiing minh, cdc dd thi ludn la nhihig diu tau ddn ddt cdc cgng ddng ndng thdn di theo minh tren dudng phat trien van minh, vdn hoa, dd vdn de sft dyng ngdn ngft vdi s\r lan tod cua nd sang cac mdi trudng xung quanh bi coi la thip kem hon dugc xem nhu m$t quy ludt t\r nhien va tit yeu
2.3 Ve each hieu thugt ngft ngdn ngit dd thi (langue urbaine)
2.3.1 Ngdn ngit dd thi "hu mdt chii di nghien cuu
(3)74 NgSn ngft s6 nim 2013 Tgdile vd Florence Hai tiidnh phi
cd cdnh hulng Ijch sft ngdn ngft khdc Tft cdch mgng cflng nghiOp trgn thi gidi diln din din nhftng thay dii cdn bdn tiong viOc tl chftc xd hOi cfta khdng gian dd thj vd din xda di nhftng bign gidi gifta tiidnh tiij vd ndng tiidn, ciu tiilc xd hOi ndng nghiOp bj tan rd, kdm tiieo dd Id sy chuyin cu cfta ngudi ddn d cdc vftng ndng thdn vdo thdnh phi vdi tu cdch Id nhdn cdng ldm viOc cho cOng tnidng, nhd mdy Bgn cgnh Idn sdng chuyin cu Idng cde nude, mOt phong tt'do di ddn khing ll xuygn bign gidi (nhit Id vdo till kl XX) tft cdc nude khde din dd biln thdnh phi cfta cdc nude tilp nhdn thdnh nhihig dja bdn da ngft Nhftng ndm 60 - 70 cfta thi kl ttudc, ttOn till gidi, nhftng vin dl xd hOi cap thilt lign quan din sy phdt triln cfta cde thdnh phi d Bdc My, nhu vin de Do Thdi gido, phong ttdo di ddn vdi nhftng vin de cua ngudi nhgp cu, sy biing phdt cftg phong ttdo phdn khdng cfta smh vign d nhflng thdnh phi Idn tiiuOc chdu Au, ddc biOt Id nhftng.nudc Tiy Au dd tdc dOng khdng nhd tdi ciu tiftc xd hOi dO tiij, khiln cdc nhd nghign cuu thuOc cdc linh vyc khoa hpc xd hOidddy tiiyc sy quan tdm din nhftng van de xung quanh moi quan hO gifta mOi tiTidng dd tiij vd thay dii ttong sft dyng cftng nhu ftng xft ngdn ngft cia cOng dong xd hOi dd tiij Nhung chi din nhftng ndm 80, tiidnh phd mdi ttd thdnh doi tupng nghign cftu thyc sy cfta NNHXH vdi tu cdch id dja bdn d dd ddi song ngdn ngft dupe bieu 10 mOt cdch phong phft, da dgng vd phftc tgp nhit Hon nfta, dd cdn id nai cho thay id hem cd vl mli quan ho bien chftng gifta ngdn ngft vd cdc nhdm xd hOi ttong viOc tl chftc khdng
(4)Tiip c$n
trong dd, "cdch ndi ndng" chi Id m^t nhftng n0i dung md NNHXH quan tam Mgt cdu hdi cfta L.J Calvet liSn quan din vin dl md chiing tdi dua ra d tren (ngdn ngit hgc dd thi vdi tu cdch Id diu de n ^ & i cftu), Ur^uistiqix et ville, hasard au nicessiti? (Ngdn ngit hgc vd thdnh phd sy ngdu nhiin hay tdt yiu?) [6], ding thdi cung Id t&i ggi mOt bdi vilt ciia dng cdr^ trinh tdp thi ciia cdc nhd nghien cftu khii Phdp ngft cd rtiian de Lieu de ville et territoires (2004) (Dia bdn thdr^phd vd lanh thd), dd dugc ldm rd bdt diu bdng vifc gidi thich t€n ggi ciia thudt ngft ngdn ngit hgc xd hdi m thi (NNHXHDT) Tdc gid cho ring, sd dl cd cdi ggi Id NNHXHDT, don gidn chdng qua Id cdc nhd NNHXH dd bdt diu cdng vifc nghien cihi d tiidnh phd Song dilu quan trgng hem dugc tdc gid chi la, dl cd tinh xd hdi, ngdn ngft hgc phdi dugc tiln hditii nghiSn cftu d nhihig noi cd nhilu ngudi ndi, noi md d dd, sft dyng ngdn ngft ludn dien nhung cdnh hulng tiep xiic rit da dang vd phirc tgp Cung tiieo tdc gid nay, cym tu NNHXHDT chi m0t khuynh hudng Idn khoa hgc ngdn ngft, cdn manh dat thi chftng td rdng, ngon ngft hgc md dugc nghien cftu d dd chi cd thi id NNHXH Tu tudng ndy cdn dugc L.J.CaIvet thi hien rd hon qua nhgn dinh vl tiidnh vdi tu cdch Id mOt khdng gian dia li vd thi trudng ngdn ngft: "Cdi md chftng ta ndi den, trfin tiiyic tl Id cdi ngdn ngft hgc cd mdnh dat Id phd, cd nghia Id mOt noi ddc bift sd tit cd cdc noi md d dd ngudi ta cd thi g|ip nhftng ngudi ndi dem "ddi sing" cho cac ngdn ngft" [6] Nhgn dinh ndi len rdng, khdng CO ngdn ngft ndo Igi khdng cd ngudi ndi, vd mdi trudng dd th; chi Id mgt
75 nhihig noi md d dd ngudi ndi t l chftc nhftng mli quan hf xd hOi thdng qua ngdn ngft
2.3.2 Ngdn ngit dd thj nhu mdt iSi giao tiip
(5)76 NgOn ngfl' so ndm 2013 tl quan ttpng ldm nen tinh dO thj cia
khdng gian dja li - xd hOi id tiidnh phi Dii vdi NNHXHDT, tinh dd tiij dupe coi Id cd tim quan ttpng trung tdm Bdi vi nd dupe coi Id co sd bdn ll dl hieu vd gidi thich rd hon nhChig vin dl gidi hgn giftg cdc cd nhdn vd cdc nhdm xd hOi, gifta nhftng ngudi ddn cfta cdc khu vyc, hay cdc thdnh vign cfta cdc ting Idp xd hOi dya trgn nhftng hinh thftc ngdn ngft, ldi ndi Theo J Erliirt, "tinh dd thj chi mOt sy gia tdng cia nhChig qud trinh sing, sy thay ddi cia cdc cd nhan, sy doi mdi cdc cau trie, cdc thilt che, vd sy phdn hda xd hOi mdi" [5, 4] Quay Igi van dl quan niOm ngdn ngft thj nhu mpt lli giao tilp, ching tOi thiy cd hai npi dung quan ylu cin dugc lam rd: 1) ViOc chi trpng nghign cftu ngon ngft vd hogt dOng ciia nd d dja ban thj khign cho nhftng ngudi lam nghien cuu ddt mOt so sdnh ddi lap: Ngdn ngft thi cd ddc dilm gi khac biet tuong quan vdi ngdn ngft d nong thdn 2) Moi tiudng thj cd vai trd gi viOc tgo ngn nhftng ddc thi cia ngdn ngft? Trade hgt, nhu dd de cgp, nhieu cdng trinh nghien cftu (vl ngdn ngft djg li d till ki XIX, vg ngft dm xd hpi d New -York cfta W.Labov ) diu till hiOn mpt ttong nhftng lugn dilm cd tinh chat phd qudt ve mli quan he gifta ngudi vd ngdn ngft, dd Id, ngudi sing d nhflng ncri Id tiidnh phi, phai tudn tiieo mOt cdch ndi ndng ndo dd Dieu cd nghia, dl cgp din mOt lli giao tilp d thdnh tiij, cftng tftc Id mdc nhien thfta nhgn cd mOt logi ngdn ngft dupe gpi la thdnh thj Ve mdt li tiiuylt, ngdn ngft thdnh tiij cung chinh id phucmg ngft thdnh thj (dialecte urbain) Vi "Phuong ngft Id bien the
dja phuong cia ngdn ngft todn ddn dupe hinh thdnh ttong qud ttinh ljch sft" [1, 57] Khi nghien cftu phuong ngft thdnh tiij, cdc nhd nghiOn cftu tiiudng ddt nd ttong sy khu biOt vdi phuong ngft ndng flidn (dialecte rural) MOt so <i kiln trudc day cho rdng, phuong ngft Id hmh thdi Ulip hem cfta ngdn ngft, ngn nd dupe ding dl chi phuong ngft Cdn phuang ngft thdnh thj thudng tiln bO horn ngn dupe gpi Id bdn phuong ngft Cd thi ndi, NNHXH dd tgo mOt cuOc each mgng ttong quan niem ve phucmg ngft vdi lugn diem, chftng ndo ttong xd hOi cdn ton tgi cdc nhdm xd hOi thi chftng dd tiong ngdn ngft sg van tdn tgi cac phuong ngft xd hOi (soeiolecte) Phuong ngft xd hOi dupe djnh nghia id "cdch ndi cfta mOt nhdm, mpt giai cip xd hOi, hay bat eft logi nao dupe nhgn thay cd sy khdc vg mgt vdn hdg Nd khdc vdi phuong ngft dja II, phucmg ngft dja danh, id nhftng biln thi ngdn ngu rigng cho moi ngudi dupe ndi tixing mOt khu vyc ddc biOt hay mOt vftng dja li tuong ddi hep, cho di mOt sl phuang ngft xd hOi cd till Id nhftng phuang ngft cd ddc quyln, hay Id biet ngft" [11] Quan niOm vg phuang ngft thdnh thj, nhin chung cac nha nghign cftu dd thong nhat d mOt sl ddc dilm ndi bat sau:
- Ld mOt hinh thdi cao cfta phuang n ^ (H: bight), ttong sy tuang quan ddi ldp vdi hinh thai thip (L: low) la phuang ngft ndng thdn; gdn vdi ngdn ngft todn ddn, ngn cd thi eoi Id bdn phuang ngft
(6)Tilp c|n
- Phucmg ngft thdnh thi gdp phin vdo vifc day mgnh qua trinh thong nhit ngdn ngft
- Mgi syr tiln bO, cdch tan ngdn ngft deu bdt diu tft dd thi Idn rli lan truyin din dd thi nhd sau dd mdi dSn ndng thdn
Ndi vl thugt ngft, hifn nhflng cdng trinh nghiSn cftu vl ngdn ngfl dd tiii, cac nhd Vift ngfl hgc thudng clUnh ding each ggi, vd ke cd each hieu vl thugt ngft phuang n^ thdnh thi vdi phuang ngit thf bang chft thich tilng Anh nhit (urban dialect) Song, thyc te, tren co sd ndi dung mang thudt ngft phuang ngit thdnh thj, d nhung cdng trinh nghien cftu vl ngdn ngft thi khdc cdn cd nhihig cdch ggi khdc Nhftng cdch ggi dugc phan bift vdi cd ve Wnh thftc lan ngi dung Chdng hgn nhu, mOt sd cdng tiinh nghien cftu ve sft dung ngdn ngft noi cdc thdnh phd tiiugc tiie gidi A-rap ngdy nay, ngudi ta cd nhdc den thudt ngft each ndi dd thi (le parler urbain), vd each ndi thdnh thi (Is parler citadin) Irong sy ddi lgp vdi cdch ndi ndng thdn (le parler rural) Tft nhiing quan sat va phdn tich cdc cdch ndi cua ngudi dan d Rabat (thu dd Maroc) bdng ddi lap ddng dgi (gifla mgt ben la each ndi nong thdn, vdi ben la cdch ndi thdnh thi vd each ndi thf), vd ddi lap lich dgi (gifta cdch ndi thdnh thi va cdch ndi thi), Leila Messaoudi (2003), dd phan bift rit ro hai khdi nifm qua cdng tiinh nghien cftu Parler citadin, parler urbain: Quelles differences?
(Cdch ndi thdnh thi, cdch ndi thi: Ddu la sy khdc nhau?) [9] Tdc gia nhgn tiiiy, each ndi Rabat cd thi hien nhftng n6t ndi trgi cua mOt phuong ngft dugc sft dyng d Andalousie gin
(7)78 Ngon ngft s6 n i m 2013 HiOn tupng phdt dm mOt sl nguygn
dm thi ngft iihu [uo] (lugn - Ign) cfta cOng ding cu ddn d mOt sl Idng quO phIa Tdy Thft dd, vd nguygn dm o ddi (hogc - hgc) cfta cOng ding cu ddn xd Xudn Dinh huyOn Tft LiOm cd till cho Id mOt ttong nhftng thi dy khd diln hinh
Don eft mOt thi dy, d phuang ngft Bdc bO cd hiOn tupng, da sl cu ddn cia mOt sl cOng dong ngdn ngft d nhftng ving ven Thft dd vin phdt dm mOt sl dm cia thi ngft nhu nguygn dm dfli, hay nguygn dm ddi ti'ong nhftng ngudi sing d dd thj Hd NOi di Idu khOng phdt dm nhu vOy
Mdt khdc, vl mdt tiidi dO, tiong khi nhftng ngudi ndi cdc phuang ngit "md" dl tiep nh$n nhiing cdi chuan ben ngodi, till nhftng ngudi ndi cdc phuang nga "ddng" Igi co nlu bdm liy cdi chuin cia hp Trd Igi mOt chftt vdi quan niOm cfta cdc nhd ViOt ngft hgc, tiiyc chit till hinh tiiftc phuong ngft md cdc nhd Viet ngft hpc muln ndi din khOng phdi Id phuong ngft tiidnh tiij hay cdch ndi thdnh tiij (mpt ylu t l mang tinh ljch dgi), md chinh Id phuong ngft til), mOt logi phuang ngft dupe sinh la tft qud trinh dO thj hda Xgt cho cftng thi phuong ngft dd thj bao gid cftng dupe xay dyng trgn thdnh phin cIt I8i cfta phuong ngft tiianh flij Do ddc dilm cdnh hulng ngdn ngft - xd hOi d tiiyOt dgi da sl cdc dij d Viet Nam (djc biOt Id nhftng tiidnh phi idn nhu Hd NOi, Tp Ho Chl Minh Id tiling nhit vl mdt ngdn ngft, vd dgi bO phOn chl Id cdc tdm da phuang ngft (dudi gde dp tilp xftc), nhftng ngudi ldm nghign ciru ngdn ngft hpc xd hOi d ViOt Nam hiOn quan tdm chft ylu den mOt phuang diOn cia chi dl ngdn
ngft dd tiij Dd Id, sy tiilch nghi ngdn ngft ttong mdi tiudng dd dij hda Chinh xdc han, "thich nghi ngdn ngft mdi budng dd tiij hda chinh Id dd tiij hda ngdn ngft" [2, 82-88]
Tft nhftng phdn tich vfta trinh bdy trgn ddy cd till thiv, coi ngOn ngft dd thj nhu mOt loi giao tilp thi thyc chit Id muln Ak cOp din van de phong cdch sft dyng ngdn ngft d mOi tiudng dd thj, dja bdn diln hinh vl tinh md, da dgng vd phftc tgp, luOn dupe xem xOt ttong sy dii lip vdi ndng thdn, dja bdn thudng khOp kin vd thuin nhit
3 MOt so khuynh hudng nghien cirn
Vdi tu cdch Id mOt dii ttipng nghign cihi, hon 10 ndm Igi day, trOn thi gidi, ngdn ngU thi dd dupe tOp trung nghien cftu theo hudng chinh sau day:
(8)Tilp C$11
dugc coi la ngdn ngft cfta nhChig viing ndng thdn, vd chl dugc sft dyng nhftng giao tilp khdng chinh thftc, gia ^Rnh hay ngudi thdn, dd trd tiidnh m0t ngdn ngft cfta vdn hgc, dugc gidng dgy rtiid trudng (cd cdc trudng dgi hgc ), th|im chi cdn dugc sft dyng Imh vyc hdnh chinh sy cgnh tranh khd gay gdt vdi tieng Tdy Ban Nha (ngdn ngft chinh thftc cfta dgi da so cdc quIc gia d chdu My Latin)
2) Tilp dd Id nhftng nghien cftu hudng vdo vifc tim hieu ddc tnmg sft dyng ngdn ngft cfta cOng ding xd h0i dd thi vifc t l chftc khdng gian xd hOi cfta cdc tilu c$ng ding, cdc nhdm xd hdi, vd van dl thich nghi ngdn ngft qud trinh giao tilp boi cdnh dd thj (cdn eft tren vifc phdn tich diln ngdn) Khi qud trinh thj hda dien vol toe ngdy mOt nhanh chdng, ldm phd vd nhieu cau true khdng gian xd h^i, tdc dpng vd dnh hudng tryc tiep din vifc sft dyng ngdn ngft, khiln cho vin ^ ngdn ngft dd thi vdn da phftc tgp Igi th€m phftc t ^ hem, thi vifc tim hieu nhung each thftc, hay loi dien dgt ngdn ngft ciia cdc thdnh vien cdng ding xd hOi dd thi, vdi tu cdch Id phuong tifn td chftc khdng gian xd h^i cd the ndi Id mgt tit ylu dii vdi nhfing cdng trinh xd hgi - nhan hgc ngdn ngft
3) Mgt mdng dl tdi nfta ciing rit dugc chft trgng dd Id sft dyng ngdn tft cua ldp tre d thdnh phd vd ngogi d Vdi dd, thdnh vfta dugc coi Id thi tiirdng ngdn ngft, vfta Id nai sdn sinh ngdn tft, cung dong thdi Id Id "ngin" ngdn tft Chdng hgn, d Phdp, cdc nha nghien cftu thi^dng hudng cdng vifc tdi phgm vi de tdi vl cdch ndi ndng cua nhihig ngudi tre tuli
79 Hg Id ngudi sinh trudng nhftng gia dinh nh^lp cu, hay nhihig ngudi bi coi nhu b€n ll ciia xd hdi Cdc nhd ngdn ngft hgc x9 h$i Phdp ggi cdch ndi ndy Id "le parler jeune" (cdch ndi ciia gidi trfi) Tuy nhiSn, tii "tr^" (jeune) bli cdnh nghi€n cftu ndy, cd thi ndi Id tinh tft mang mdu sic nhgy cdm Bdi vi, doi vdi nhflng ngudi nghiSn cftu tfiugc phgm vi dl tdi "cdch ndi cfta gidi Xth" d Phdp, tft "jeune" gin nhu dupe dong nhit vl mdt y nghia vdi tft "bartiieue" (ngogi d) Md khi ndi cdch ndi ndng i^ogi d (lepgrler bgnlieue) (cdch ndi pha trdn mgt loai tilng long dugc md hda (verlgn) vdi mgt thft tieng Anh - Phap (franglais) ciing cd nghia Id s\r n g ^ hilu ve mOt cdch ndi ndng bi danh gid Id thip k^m Nhung tren thyc te thi van de khdng hdn Id vdy Dii ldp vdi cdch ddnh ^d trSn, cdch ndi ndy Igi dugc cho Id mdt Vi till, tham chi m0t sd ngudi ldm chinh tri ciing khdng ngin nggi sft dyng, nhat la vdo nhiing dip bau eft, nhdm myc dich thu hftt so lugng eft tri [10] O Vift Nam, mdc dft nghien cftu vl ngdn ngft dd thi cdn la van de mdi, nhung sft dyng ngdn ngft ciia thieu nien ngdy nay, nhat la ldp tre d thi vdi each sft dung ngdn tft cua hg mdng giao tiep cd su can thifp ciia cdng nghf thdng tin (ngdn ngft chat, blog, SMS) cftng thu hut nhilu s\r quan tdm cfta xd hgi vd cdc nhd nghien cftu
4 Ket lu$n
(9)80 Ng6n ngO- so n a m 2013 ngdn ngft hgc dd thi dd ti-d tiidnh Imh
vyc nghien cftu quan trgng rat cd ^ nghia Bdi vi trudc hit, nd mieu ta khdch quan vd khd todn difn nhfltig tiiay doi cd tinh thdi sy ciia ngdn ngft d mdi trudng dd thi vdi nhflng dp lyc xd hgi rit ddc thft M^t khdc, ddy Id ITnh v\rc khdng chi hfta h?n nhieu d i i mdi phuang phdp nghiSn cftu cfta chuyen ngdnh NNHXH, md cdn mang Igi nhflng khd ndng kit hpp cfta cdc phucmg phdp nghifin cftu khoa hgc thugc linh vyc ngdn ngft, ciing nhu cdc ngdnh khoa hgc khdc, giong nhu chung ta thudng ggi Id ftng dyng nghien cftu liSn ngdnh
TAI L1$U THAM K H A O
I Tilng Vift
1 Hodng Thi Chdu, Phuang ngit
hgc tiing Viit, Nxb DHQG HN, 2004
2 Nguyin VSn Khang, Dd thi hda
vdi vdn de su dyng ngdn ngit d Viit Nam hi^n nay, T/c Xd hgi hgc, S l 4, 2005
3 Trinh Cim Lan, Nghiin ciru
sy biin ddi vd bdo luu ngdn tit ciia cdc cgng ddng cu ddn tir cdc phuang ngit khdc den Hd Ngi (Trin cu liiu phdt dm ciia cgng ddng Nghi Tinh a Hd Ngi),
Lu^n an tiln sT ngft vdn, H., 2005 II Tieng nude ngodi
4 Andersen, H., Centre and
Periphery: Adoption, Diffusion and Spread, In: Fisiak, J., (ed.) Historical Dialectology: Regional and Social,
Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin/New York/ Amsterdam, 1988
5 Bulot, T., Langue urbaine et
identite, I'Harmattan, 1999
6 Calvet, L.J, Les voix de la
revisitees Soeiolinguistique urbaine ou linguistique de la ville?,
sites.unis-provence.fr/francophonie/ archives / voix_ville.pdf
7 Castells, Manuel, La question w*a(Me,Masp^ro/Fodations,Paris, I98I
8 Gasquet-Cynis, M, Sodolif^astkpie
urbaine ou urbanisation de la soeiolinguistique? Vol.1., L'harmattan/
Marges Linguistiques, Paris, 2004 9 Messaoudi, Leila, Parler citadins,
parler urbain: Quelles differences?,
Editions Modulaires Europeennes, Cortil-Wodon,2003
10 Rodriguez-Alcald C, La langue
comme probleme urbain: le guarani dlacampagne et dans Tespace public
0^ ib v^J^ Langage & s o c i ^ N° 101,2002 11 http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Soeiolecte; 22/9/09
12 httpy/www Priceminister.com/ offer/bug/4455245/Bulot-Thieny-Les
SUMMARY
sites.unis-provence.fr/francophonie/ archives http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Priceminister.com/