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dai, dudng giao thdng dat chuan ve mat do, chit lugng, he thd'ng cdng trinh ha ting dugc ngim boa, xay dyng edng trinb ngim va cdng trinh trdn khdng hidn dai, he thd'ng cap nudc, he[r]
(1)NGHIEN CLfu - TRAO DOI
Mot so v a n de v e h o a n t h i e n
• • q u a n l y n h a nitde doi v i ctf sd
h a tang thi du lich d Viet I\am
Do thj dong vai tro rat quan trgng nen kinh te quoc dan, 1^ trung tam vd ddng ldc phat trien cua nen kinh te, viec xay ddng va phat trien thj la mot nhiifng van de trpng tam quyet djnh su phdt trien cua dat niidc Vi vay, viec phat trien co sd tang thj ndi chung, dd thj du ljch ndi rieng, ludn dUdc Dang va Nha nudc quan tam Ddi vdi nhung thj du ljch thi viec phat trien cua tang ca sd cdn cd y nghia dac biet quan trgng, nd gdp phan vao viec dam bao tdc va chat lugng tang trudng kinh te va nang cao chat lugng sdng cho ngudi dan De phat trien thj du lich ben viifng, can phii cd nhufng glai phap hoan thien quan ly nha nudc ddi vdl cd sd tang dd thj du Ijch nhU: cac cdng trinh giao thdng van tai, bdu dien, thdng tin lien lac va cac djch vu xa hdi nhu dudng sa, kenh mddng din nudc, cap thoat nudc, san bay,
Do thj va CO sd tang dd thi nudc ta, theo Ui didn Bach khoa quan nidm vd dd thj dugc vidi: "Dd thi la khdng gian cu trii ciia cdng ddng ngudi sdng tap Irung va boat ddng nhung ITnb vyc kinh te phi ndng nghidp" Khai nidm vd dd thi dugc quy dinh Clie van ban luat phap, la co sd phap ly quan trgng dd xay dyng tidu chf va cd giai phap de plidt trid'n Nghi dinh 72/2001/ND - CP ciui Qifnb phil quy dinh: "Dd thj la khu dan cu tap trung gdm phd, Ihj xa, thj trail dugc ca quan nha nudc cd thim quydn qudi dinh lap vdi chirc nang la trung tam tdng hgp hoac trung tam chuydn nganh, cd vai trd thtic day sy phiit tridn kinh Id' - xa bdi ciia ca nudc hoac mgt vung lanh thd nhai djnh, ti Id phi ndng nghidp td'i thieii 60% tdng sd lao ddng, cd quy md dan sd Irdn 4.000 ngudi, cd ca sd ting phyc vy dan cu, mat dan sd phli hgp vdi lieu chuin cpiy chuin loai dd tbi dugc quy dinh"
De dugc xac dinh dd thi phai dya trdn ba tidu chf co ban la quy md dan sd; chuc nang dd Ihj; khdng gian kid'n true va canh quan Mot dd thi du lich cin phai cd lidm nang du lich va du lich ddng vai trd quan trgng boat dong du lich Nd pbai cd dii cac dieu kien la tai nguydn du lich hap din ranh gidi dd thi hoac khu vyc lidn ke; cd (.()• sd lia Ifinc: ca sd \;it chai k\
HO DLfC P H d C
Phd Chu tich UBND tinh Nghe An
thuat ddng bd, dap iing nhu ciu da dang ciia khach du ljch, cd co ciu lao ddng phu hgp vdi ydu ciu pbat trien du lich; nganh du ljch cd vj trf quan trgng co ciu kinh te, dat ty Id thu nhap tu du lich trdn tdng thu nhap cua nganh dich vy lbeo quy dinh ciia Chinh phii
Nbu vay, dd thj ddng vai trd nbu mot "khung xuong" ciia nen kinh te gdp phin thiic diy sy pbat trien kinh td' - xa hdi ciia dit nudc
Di dd thi du lich phat tridn cin
phai dau tu phat Iridn co sd tang, gdm ca ca sd ting ky Ihual va co sd ting xa hdi nhu: loan bd cac cdng trinb giao thdng van tai, buu didn, thdng lin lidn lac va cac dicb vy xa hdi nbu dudng sa, kdnh muang din nude, cap thoat nudc, san bay, nba ga xe lua, d Id, cang sdng, cang bid'n, co sd Il.ing liRiiig, lie llioiig dicn, ducing
(2)NGHIEN ciru - TRAO DOI
dng din xang diu, din khf ga, bci ddt, kho tang, giao thdng van tai, CO sd giao due phd thdng v i chuyen nghidp, y te, dich vy an ud'ng cdng cdng, nghi ngoi, du lich, vui choi, giai trf, rac thai mdi trudng dd thj, nhim dap Qng nhU ciu kinb td' - xa hdi cua cdng ddng dan cu dd thi Ca sd ting dd thj du ljch cd mdt sd dac diem la thudc loai hang hoi cdng cdng, dich vy cdng; mang sic thai vung va lanh thd rd ret; cd thdi gian kha'u hao dai; cd mat cdng trinh -du lich-dich vu (khich san, trung tam thuong mai, ) cao, mang tfnh he thd'ng va ddng bd Phat trien nhanh co sd tang la mdt tit yd'u khach quan nhim phit trien kinb te - xa hdi cua dd thi, tao ddng luc cho sy pbit trien kinh td' dat nudc Thuc trang ciia co sd tang dd thj du ljch va quan ly nha nudc hien
Thyc tidn dd thi boa cua Viet Nam cho thiy sy phat trien va tang cudng cic dd tbi vua la nguydn nhan, vua la kdi qua cua qui trinh xay dyng co sd ting dd thi He thdng CO sd ting dd tbi li mdt mil xfch quan trgng gudng may kinh td' - xa hdi dd thi, vi vay phit trie'n co sd ting dd thi cd y ngbia hdt sQc quan trgng ddi vdi vide pbat tridn dd tbi Trong nhQng nam qua thyc hidn dudng ldi ddi mdi ciia Dang, dac bidt kinh td'nudc ta cang hdi nhap sau rdng vao nen kinb te thd' gidi, co sd tang mang tinh toan ciu mac dii vin cic dia phuong quan ly, bdi vi mud'n pbat trien co sd ting chic chin phai dya via thi trudng tai chinh, cdng nghd, kinh nghidm quan ly, lao dgng, thidt bi may mdc, chic chin nhung thj trudng da mang tfnh toan ciu Co sd ba tang cac dd thj Viet Nam ndi chung va dd thi du lich ndi ridng da dugc quan tam diu tu ban, he thd'ng dudng giao thdng, he thd'ng cip nudc, thoat nudc, didn
cdng nghd thdng tin, san bay, bd'n cang va cac co sd ting khac dugc xay dung tuong ddi khang trang, bd mat dd thi ddi mdi timg Hidn ca nudc da cd 11 dd thj du lich dugc Thil tudng Chinh phii cdng nhan va cac dd thi niy phat trien nhanh chdng va dang giQ vi tri trung tam pbit trien cua nganh du lich Viet Nam
Tuy nhidn so vdi cac dd thi du ljch ciia thd' gidi v i khu vuc thi co sd ting dd thi Viet Nam cdn thid'u hut, yd'u kem va lac hau Dan so va phuang tidn phat trien nhanh ting giao thdng tang khdng ding ke dang la luc can cua qui trinh tang trudng Tinh trang ach tic giao thdng, ngap nudc, Iiy ldi, d nhidm mdi trudng thudng xay ra, dudng dd thi nhd hep via he bi lin chid'm, xudng cip khdng dugc sua chQa kjp tbdi, cic tryc dudng chil yd'u la giao ddng mQc, khdng cd he thd'ng ciu vugt, thid'u he thd'ng cdng trinb ngim, dudng trdn khdng, mat dudng phd thip dudi 4,5km/km2 ydu ciu dat la trdn 5% (thanh phd Vung Tau mat 2,7km/km2, phd Ha Long mat l,5km/km2) Dit danh cho giao thdng so vdi dit dd thj tha'p dudi 10% ydu ciu dat la 16% -26 % (tai Ha Ndi chi dat 7,06%) Dit danh cho giao thdng tTnh (bai dau xe, bai xe, ) ciia cic dd thi du lich qui thip dudi
1 % ydu cau la % (Ha Ndi 0,5 %) He thd'ng cay xanh qua ft, chua tao dugc nhung rQng sinh thai phd, chua xay dung dugc dd thj xanh, mat cdng trinh bd tdng boa vin d mQc cao He thdng cdng trinh ngihr boa nhu didn, didn thoai, cdng nghd thdng tin khdng nhieu He thd'ng thoat nudc thai thudng chung vdi thoit nudc mua, he thd'ng cap nudc sach thid'u cdng suit, cdng trinh bai xu ly rac v i cic CO sd tang khac cdn yd'u va thie'u ddng bd Khach san cao
cip, trung tam tai chinh ngan hang, nha hang hidn dai, vin rit thieu Chinh ca sd tang ye'u kem da lam cham qua trinh phit trien kinh td' - xa hdi ciia dd thi va dit nudc
Cdng tie quan ly nha nudc ve CO sd ting dd thj, thdi gian qua cung da dat dugc mdt sd tuu nhu cdng tic xay dung va quan ly quy hoach cd nhidu tid'n bd hon trudc; quan ly du in xay dung va tu bao dudng cang chat che ban, bd m i y quan ly dugc cung CO, nang luc quan ly cua can bd dugc nang ldn, cdng tic tra, kiem tra ITnh vuc co sd ting da dugc chu trgng Hidu luc quan ly nha nudc cing tdt hon, nghidm ban va hidu qua hon da thuc diy co sd ting dd thi phat trien va cac dd thj du ljch cing van minh, hidn dai va phat tridn bdn vung Nhung so vdi ydu ciu dat vin chua dap Qng ydu ciu phat trien, cdng tac quy hoach chua ddng bd, thid'u tim nhin rdng ldn, lau dai, chua cd quy hoach tdng the cic dd thj du ljch Cdng tic quan ly diu thiu cac du an diu tu thii tuc lap va phd duydt dy an cdn rudm ra, bde Id nhieu yd'u kem Cdng tic ddn bu giai phdng mat bang cd nhidu vudng mac tQ chd' chfnh sich dd'n trien kbai thyc hidn Kdt qua cdng tac tra, kiem tra cdn rit thip so vdi ydu ciu, he thdng van ban phap luat cdn chdng cheo, thid'u hut, mdt so van ban khdng phu hgfp vdi thuc tidn Vi vay, dd ca sd ting dd thj phit trien ben virng, cin phai thuc hidn mot so giai phip ve hoan thidn quan ly nha nudc ddi vdi ca sd ting dd thj du ljch
Phuo'ng hudng va giai phap De phit trien dd thj du ljch thdi gian tdi, ddi bdi phai diy manh phit tridn ca sd ting nhim thu hut diu tu, tao da cho kinh td' du ljch phat trid'n Cin tap trung phat tridn he thdng ting hidn So 14/2009
(3)NGHIEN C(JU - TRAO DOI
dai, dudng giao thdng dat chuan ve mat do, chit lugng, he thd'ng cdng trinh ting dugc ngim boa, xay dyng edng trinb ngim va cdng trinh trdn khdng hidn dai, he thd'ng cap nudc, he thd'ng thoat nudc thai, didn cdng nghd thdng tin va cdng trinh ba tang khac phai hidn dai, ddng bd va tidn icb dip ung ydu ciu pbat trien dd tbi Mud'n vay phai tap trung hoan thidn quan ly nba nudc, tap trung vao mgt so ndi dung CO ban nhu chd' chfnh sich khuyd'n khicb xay dung va kbai thac su dung cd hidu qua; td chQc bd may quan ly; cdng tic tra kiem tra ITnh vuc co sd ling; hoan thidn cdng tic quy hoach; xay dyng van hoi dd thj va van boa quan ly dd thj
De thuc hidn tdt phuang hudng hoan thidn quan ly nha nudc ITnh vuc CO sd ting dd thj cin thue bidn ddng bd cac nhdm giai phap nhu sau:
Thu nhd't, ddi mdi, bd sung dieu
chinh cac cdng cy vT md, tao co sd phap ly nhim hoan thidn quan ly nha nudc ITnh vyc co sd ting cac dd tbi du ljch Trudc bet l i cdng cy ke hoach hoi nhu chid'n lugc, quy hoach, kd' hoach, chuong trinh du an, cin xay dyng va phd duydt quy hoach tdng thd phit tridn dd thj du ljch dd'n nam 2020 Ra soat lai nhiing quy hoach khdng phu hgp de sua ddi bd sung kjp thdi Tap trung xay dyng quy hoach dd thj, chii trgng quy hoach giao thdng, didn, cang, san bay va co sd ting du ljch Tang cudng thyc lyc kinh td' nha nudc tap trung diu tu cho tang dd thj thidi yd'u nhu dudng giao Ihdng, didn, thoat nudc, cip nude Cin tang cudng thu hut diu tu cic CO sd ting xa hdi nhu ngan hang, tai chinh, thu ddi ngoai td, khach san, nha nghi, trung tam thuang mai, khu vui chai giai trf
Thif hai, tid'n hanh soat lai
cac luat phap, cac co chd' chfnh
I I n i i U i t < i M V V ^ lit
sach da cd, didu chinh bd sung, ddng thdi tid'p tuc ban hanh nhQng luat phap cdn thie'u ITnh vyc CO sd ting Mgt so ndi dung d Luat Diu tu, Luat Dat dai, Luat Doanh nghidp, Luat Xay dyng khdng phu hgp thyc tidn can phai dugc dieu chinh bd sung kjp thdi Cin cd CO chd' thdng thoang de tbu hut diu tu xay dung ca sd ting dd thj chang ban sua theo budng bd vide thoa thuan gia dat giQa nha diu tu va hd gia dinh de tao d i cho thu hiit diu tu; md rdng pham vi chl djnh thiu de trien kbai nhanh cdng trinh, tang cudng quan ly chit lugng cdng trinb de nang cao hidu qua su dung
Thif ha, xa hdi hoa va da dang
boa vide diu tu phat tridn ca sd ting dd thj du ljch nhim buy ddng tdi da mgi ngudn lyc de phat trien dd thj Khuyd'n khfeh ap dyng cac hinh thQc thu hut vd'n de phat trien CO sd ting nhu BOT, BT, BOO va phuang thQc doanh nghidp bd vdn diu tu sau dd ban quyen su dyng cd thdi ban de toan cho doanh nghidp da diu tu Thuc hidn phuang cham "nhi nudc va nhan dan cung lam" de thu hut ngudn lyc dan cu
Thir tu, tap trung van ddng
ngudn vdn ODA va FDI nhim pbat trien co sd ting dac bidt la
dudng giao thdng va cip thoat nudc Mudn vay phai td cbQc mdt nhdm chuydn mdn cd trinb chuydn mdn va ngoai ngQ tdt, thao vide de tren khai thyc hidn van ddng va hoan chinh thu tuc diu tu nhanh hon
Thd ndm, ciing cd bd may quan
ly CO sd ba tang dd thj,dac bidt la phdng quan ly quy hoach dd thj, phdng kd' hoach diu tu, tii nguydn mdi trudng, phdng tai chfnh dii vd so lugng, chit lugng can bd td't, thudng xuydn bdi dudng cap nhat kid'n thQc nhim dip ung ydu ciu Ra soit kidn toan cac ban quan ly dy an dii nang luc de quan ly tdt du an, chd'ng thit thoat lang phi
Thu sdu, thinh lap ddi tra
dd thj va ban banh quy chd' boat ddng nhim quan ly ca sd tang dd thj, tranh lin ehid'm dit dai lam nha trai phep, thit thoat xay dyng
Thu hay, tang cudng cdng tac
thanh tra, kidm tra va giam sat cua CO quan chQc nang xay dung CO sd ting dd thj nham chd'ng thit thoat, tham nhung xay dung CO ban
Thd tdm, tap trung diy manh cic
du an cd y nghTa qudc gia nhu dudng cao tdc, dudng sit cao tdc, san bay vung, cang du ljch de thu hut du khich qudc td'ngay cang nhidu •