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Ta ddnh tie'ng chuang tie'ng tr6ng di lam vui long nang.. Nga dong vie't quy, Nga tam tay bi.[r]
(1)roAN THU Tl,/ HOC CHU HAN
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Quan thu'
Quan quan thl1 ci1U, T:;ti Ha chi cha u Y€u dieu thuc ncr, Quan til' hao du Sam si h:;tnh thai, Ta hcru l11U chi Y€u dieu thuc ncr, Ngl,l mi du chi C~u chi ba't dac, Ngl,l mi tl1 b~c Du tail Du tail
Tri€n chuy€n phan trac Sam si h:;tnh thai, Ta hcru thi (thai) chi
(2)326
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TRAN VAN CHANH
Y€u di~u th1,1c nG',
Cftm sat vi (huu) chi Sam si h<:tnh thai, Ta huu m<:to chi Y€u di~u th1,1c nG',
Chung c6 l<:tc chi
(Thi kinh: Chu Nam)
roAN THli TV HQC CHU HAN 327
rae giii-tac phiim
f)oy Ia bai dau tien phon "Qu6c phong-Chu Nam'cua Kinh Thi, m¢t tQp thcJ co nhat cua Trung Quoc, hi$n dllQC 305 bai deu Ia toe pham khoang hcJn 500 nom tu dou dCii Chu den giQa dCii Xuon thu (770 trlldc CN-480 trlldc CN) Bai thu¢c loqi thcJ trQ tlnh don gian, mieu to tlnh cam tham thiet cua m¢t chang trai doi vdi c6 goi hien djU hoi rau hqnh ben song, va LJ(jc mcJ CUO chang Ve CUQC h6n nhon tot dE?P tllcJng lai
Tl)NGO
eQuan quan 1m 1m : tie'ng chim keu "quan quan" (tu tuong thanh) .Thtt cliu giN!® : m9t loai chim nude, va mai song kh6ng roi eYiu di~u f)]~ : xinh d(fp, duyen dang, diu dang, thuy mi .Th{tC ~ : hi~n th1,1c, ne't na, c6 due h<:mh .Qulin til B" -=f: chi nguoi trai .Hiio ciiu ~f :i1: tot d6i,
d(fp d6i, xung d6i .Sam si ~ ~ :dai ngan kh6ng d~u nhau, so le
eHr.mh 1j : rau h<:tnh (mQc o m~t nude, la tia) eLliu 7JTE :hai
eNg{t mj @: ~: thuc ngu (khi thuc ngu) eTli bij.c ~- ~~ : nhd
eDu f[Z; :dang d~c, tri~n mien eTriin chuyin phiin triic @ !j!f JY: f~~ : lan qua 19n l<:ti ngu kh6ng yen, tran tro mai kh6ng
ngu dUQC• Thai * : hai (dung nhu1;R) .ctim siit ~ M: dan
dm(5 ho~c day) va dan sat (15 day ho~c 50 day) eMiJ-o ~:
chQn la'y (Chu Hi giai la"na'u chin rna dang len") .Chung elf: &i ~1 chu6ng (trong bai dung nhu d9ng tu c6 nghia la" danh chu6ng danh trong")
D!CH NGHlA
Quan thli
Chim thu cuu keu quan quan Tren c6n song Hoang Ha Ngu&i con gdi diu hi~n D~p doi cung quan ttl
(3)328
TRAN VAN CHANH
dju hdn Thlic ngu ta cdu mong Cdu mong khong duc;c gijp Ngay dern ta nh(J Dling dijc, nh(J dling dijc Ttiin trd ngu khong yen
Rau hf;mh c9ng ngdn dai Hai theo dong td hflu Nguui gdi dju hi~n Ta ke't than vdi nang tie'ng dan cdm, dan sdt
Rau ht;mh c9ng ngdn dai Vat theo dong td hflu Nguui gdi dju hdn Ta ddnh tie'ng chuang tie'ng tr6ng di lam vui long nang
D!CHTHO
TVC djch
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Quan quan cdi thu cuu,
Con song mdi cung biii ngoai Diu dcmg thf:lc nfl nhu ai,
Sdnh cung qulin tLt tot doi V(/ ch6ng
Muon an rau hr;mh theo giong,
Muon co thf:IC nfl, mo mong duc;c dau Nh(J co rling r(Jc san sdu,
Chota dlin d9c d~ hdu nguyen! Muon an rau ht;mh hd i v~,
roAN THV n,f HQC CHU HAN
Muo'n co thf:lc nfl, v~ cung ta Tie'ng chuang, tieng tro'ng vui hoa, Tie'ng dan cdm sdt m(Jn ma yeu duang!
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TAN EJA djch
Dong Sdn
Nga t6 Dong Son, Thao thao bat quy Nga lai tlf dong, Linh vU ky (ky) mong Nga dong vie't quy, Nga tam tay bi Che' bi thuong y,
V~t slf (sl) hang mi (mai) Quyen quyen gia thl,lc, Chung t~i tang da Doi bi dQc tuc,
Di<$c t~i xa h~
Nga t6 Dong Son Thao thao bat quy Nga lai tlf dong, Linh vU ky (ky) mong Qua loa chi thlfc,
Di<$c thi vu vU
y uy t~i that, Tieu t~i hQ
(4)330
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TRAN VAN CHANH
Dlfc dlfc tieu hang
Di~c kha uy da, Y kha hoai da Nga t6 Dong Son, Thao thao bat quy Nga lai tlf dong, Linh vu ky (ky) mong Qmin minh vu d<;it (di~t), Ph1,1 than vu that Sai tao khung trat, N ga chinh du~ t chL
Huu don qua kh6, Chung t?i l?t Hin
Tif nga bat kie'n,
Vu kim tam nan (nien)
Nga t6 Dong Son, Thao thao bat quy Nga lai tlf dong, Linh vu ky (ky) mong Thuong canh vu phi, Phap du<;1c ky vu Chi tu vu quy, Hoang bac ky rna Than ke't ky ly, Cuu th?p ky nghi Ky tan kh6ng gia, Ky clfu nhu chi ha?
(Thi kinh: Miin phong)
toAN THLI Tl,l HQC CHCI HAN 331
rae gia-tac phii?m
Bai 'Quoc phong, Man phong' cua Kinh Thi, to tam tlnh cua m¢t chinh nhan tren dllong trd ve
T(/ NGU
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(5)·~-332 TRAN VAN CHANH
eT6 {§_: di .Dong Sdn * LlJ: m1i Dong Son, (J huy~n Khuc
Ph1,1 tinh Son Dong nay, gQi la Mong Son eThao thao
'Ia 'Ia: Hi u dai, bi€n bi~t eLinh Vll~ ffi : mlia bl,li, mlia phun eKy mong ;It~ :(mua) la"m ta"m, la"t pha"t eTiuiifng y ~:;& : ao qufin
m?c blnh thuong eSi ± : dfing nhu ~ (stf) nghTa la lam vi~c gl
eHimg maifftz: :nhu mtz: (ham mai),;tt la v~t giong nhu chiec
dua;lllc hanh quan ng~m vao mi~ng dti khong dt1<;1c n6i chuy~n,
tranh cho quan djch biet •Quyen quyen~~ ~~: (sau bo) ngQ ngu~y
eTh~tc~: sau dau, giong nhu dim nhung mau xanh, cung gQi
la se1n tam (con t~m nui) .Chung ~: la u .Tang dii ~ !f : ru()ng dau .Doi ~)C: mlnh cu()n tron (n~m co ro) •Quii loa 5fi!:jl: quat
lau, lo<;1i day leo, cling hQ vdi bfiu, c6 thti dung lam thuoc eTh~tc
~ :trai eThi 1itf!: (bo) Ian • Vu *: mai hi en .y uy 1~ ~ cung
viet ~fj}~~: con gian da"t eTieu Pi~ :m()t loai nh~n chan dai
·Dinh thodn BIJ Hll: mft C(;lnh nha (noi chim muong giam d<;1p len) eLQc trliifng /fttJJ.;: san nai eD{IC d{lcJ~;/:i: nha"p nhay,
l~p loe eTieu himg ~ f=f: dom d6m .y 1~: la •Qlllin WJ:
chim quan, m()t loai chim nude, giong nhu co ho?c h<;1c Chu Hi
chu gi:h: "Troi sap mua thl nhung loai (J hang biet trudc, nen
kien chui khoi hang, chim quan den an kien va dung keu tren
d6" (Thi Kinh t(lp truy~n) eD{lt (di?t) ±~: dong da"t (chi t6 kien
dun len) eKhung trill~~: quet bo v~t (co tac gia giai la tret
l<;1i khe hd, hay la"p 16 vach) eChinh 1iE: chinh nhan (d day la nguoi chinh nhan tlf xttng," cung c6 thti la nguoi v<;l gQi ch6ng)
eDuijt .$ : tr<;l tU' vo nghTa (Mao truy~n giai la "sap sli'a";
Nghiem Xan giai cii cau la chinh phu ta sdp v~ r6i eHilu don
ff~)C :tron tron •Qua khil J1\ :g :trai kh6 qua eL/jt tan~ fiT : cui
l~t (chu l~t ~Han Thi viet la {~ (mau), nghTa la rau dang; Dli
Quan Anh Thi Kinh tuyin djch giai la "cui tfch l<;1i"
hay"thuc tan" la b6 cui) eThtidng canh ~ ~ : chim hoang ly hay
roAN THlJ T\,1 HQC CHU HAN 333
hoang oanh • Chi ti't Vll quy z r T m~: co v€ nha
·ch6ng("chi" la d<;1i tu chi thj;"vu" la tr<;l tu) ·.Hoang.¥.: cung viet
la ~~ nglfa mau vang tdng eBac !)(: nglfa mau tdng
.Thanm: chi illy VQ .LyWJ : dai khan giat, cai khan che tdi goi
cua nguoi gai dung v€ nha ch6ng; ga gai, nguoi
my dich than that khan nfiy cho gai .cilu thljp tL +: hlnh
dung "nhi€u" eNghi f~: nghi thti'c, nghi 1~ (ca cau c!lu th(lp kY
nghi nghia den la chin, muoi thti' nghi 1~, hay nghi thti'c 1~ cudi
ra"t nhi€u) .Tan ~: tan hon, mdi cttdi eKhilngJL: ra't eGia g:
tot dyp, my man eC{Iu : lau Ca cau y n6i: xa each lau gi;ip
l{li phdi vui mitng the' nao, cung c6 thti la m()t chut lo lang: khong
biet tlnh xua se c6 thay d6i gl khong?
NGO PHAP
CD B (vie't): tr<;l tu, vo nghia: ~ }f[ B m~ (Nga dong viet quy)
® .$ (du~t): tr<;l tu, vo nghia: f\tiiE$¥ (Nga chinh duijt
chi) M()t so tac gia chu giai chu .$ la "sap sli'a"
® r (vu): tr<;l tu, vo nghia, d?t trudc d()ng tu, ra't thuong dung
trong Kinh Thi: Ji.~-Tm (Hoang ditiu Vll phi); z rrl~ (Chi
til' vu quy)
D[CH NGHlA Dong Sdn
Ta chinh chie'n nui Dong, Bi~n bi~t khong tra vl
Ngay v~ tit phUC!ng dong, Trai mua roi la't pha't Ta tit phue1n.g dong v~ Umg hi thUC!n.g v~ tay Lo may mi;ic thuang,
Hit ng(lm dua hanh quan Sau dau bo ngQ ngu(ly, iJ tren dam ruf)ng dau Nguai co ro ngtl, Tro trQi duc'Ji gdm xe Ta chinh chiin nui Dong,
(6)334
Trifi mua roi lflt phtl't
Qudt !au da ke't trdi, Qud thong xuong mdi hien Ddy nha gidn da't cht;~y, Ngoai cila sfl nh?n giang
Da't trf/ng san nai,
Dam d6m chie'u l(jp foe
Cdnh the lu(]ng ddng sf!, Nhung ddng baa thu(]ng nho Ta chinh chien nui Dong, Bi~n bi?t khong triJ vl Duifng v~ tit phu(]ng dong, Trifi mua roi la't pha't Qudn keu tren to? kien,
Chinh ph~ kh6c phong khue Quet nla, lap !6 vdch, Nghi chinh phu sdp v~
~~
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TRAN VAN CHANH
Kho? qua trdi tron trim,
Treo tren dan cui l(j.t Ta tit xa cdch, Nay dii c6 ba nam Ta chinh chien nui Dong, Bi~n bi?t khong triJ vl Duifng v~ tit phu(]ng dong, Trifi mua roi la't pha't Chim hoimg ly bay bay, Cdnh chim bay lap lodng Co v~ nha ch6ng, Ngl!a do, vang, do'm trdng Mf! ke't cho khan gidt, Nghi l~ th(j.t ruifm Ch6ng vf! moi hai hoa, Tinh xua, ta sao?
TVC djch
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Lt;~c nga L!JC l!JC gia nga, Phi nga y hao Ai nga ph!J rna u, Sinh nga cu lao L!Jc h,1c gia nga, Phi nga y uy
roAN THll Tl,l HQC CHO' HAN
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Ai nga ph!J rna U, Sinh nga lao ttJy Blnh chi khanh hi, Duy 16i chi si
Ti€n dan chi sinh, Bat' nhu' ttl' chi cll'u hi vo phtJ h6? V6 mau thi? Xuat tac ham tuat,
Nh~p tac my chi PhtJ h~ sinh nga, Mau h~ cue nga Phil nga sue nga, Truong nga dtJc nga
C6 nga ph!JC nga, Xuat nh~p phuc nga DtJc bao chi due, H:;ta thien vong eve
(7)336
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TRAN VAN CHANH
Nam son li~t li~t, ,
Phieu phong phat phat: Dan m(;lc bat coc, Nga doc hi;lt (hi;ii)! Nam son Iu?t lu?t, Phieu phong phat phat Dan mac bat coc, Nga doc bat tot!
(Thi kinh: Tiiu nhii)
Bai phon 'Tk~u nhd' cua Kinh Thi , n6i ve tom long cua nglloi c6 hieu d6i voi em sinh thanh, nuoi dllong kho nhQc cua cha
m<7 va noi dau x6t kh6ng dllqc pht,mg dllong cha m<7 den tuoi gia
TUN GO
•Lf!c l{LC ~ ~ : cao IOn eNga i5Z :co nga, gQi la nga hao,
(artemisia) IDQC d Su'On nui ; canh }a da kho thi re van dt.rdi dat, den nam sau l<;1i n~y mfim mQc li;ii ePhl fig: khong phai eHao ~: co hao, cung loai vdi co nga, d~u c6 vi thuoc .y fll' : la
eAi :R: tht.rong nhd, x6t tht.rong eCu lao {i]}J *: kh6 nhQc, kh6 nhQC Uy ru= : co uy, gQi la hao, d~c tinh giong nhu' co nga eT~ty'f$: ti~u t1,1y, nhQc m~t, moi m~t eKhtinh ~ : het, r6ng, het eLoi .'§ : vo ru'Q'u c6 mi~ng nho, bt,mg to eTiin diin
j!(:_§:: m6 coi eH6 '/3': dtfa vao, c?y nho eHam tuiit ro11fll:
ng?m n6i lo bu6n •My chi ft ~: khong c6 nguoi than .cue ¥¥3: nuoi ePhzij1j": v6 v~ (dung nht.r tffff) eSzic1fi: yeu tht.rong eCo/mi:
chieu co, cham nom ePh{tcf~ : nhd nhung ePhuc /3!: om vao long eChi z : nfty (d<;li tU chi thi) •H{lo thien ~ 7(: troi cao•
Vong qtc ~ ~: vo tht.rong, khong c6 dinh chu~n (Vuong Dan
roAN THU Tl,l HQC CHU HAN 337
Chi sach Kinh ngh'fa thu{lt van giai cau "Hi;io thien v6ng ctfc" la "troi cao thien I~ch", "troi cao khong nhan tu" v1 troi giang cho tai hQa, khien nguoi khong dt.r<;5c mai maj pht,mg
dt.rong cha my) Li~t li~t 7.!~ ?FU :nui cao sung sung va hi~m trd
.Phieu phong~ 00, :gi6 to, gi6 dCr .P!uit phat ~ ~ : tieng gi6
mi;inh th6i vu vu Coc~ : pht,mg duong (Chu Hi giai chu nfty la "may m~n"; day theo ngh!a cua Trinh Khang Thanh) eHa fPJ : dung nhu' :fij ngh1a la ganh chiu, chiu dtfng eLzuJ_t lzuJ_t 1.$1$ :(nui) cao ch6t v6t ePhlit phiit ijt iJt, : gi6 m<;1nh th6i tung b1,1i eBiit tot /f ¥: khong du'<;5C mai nuoi cha illy den gia (thuyet cua Trinh
Khang Thanh va Chu Hi); c6 thuyet l<;1i cho chu /f nen dQc nhu' chft ~(phi: ngft tr<;5 tU), chft ¥ nen dQC nhu' chft :}$ (t~:~y: don
dau), d cau: Rieng taphai chju don dau (theo Khuat V<;1n Ly, Thi Kinh thich ngh'la)
D[CH NGHlA Co nga cao l{Jn
Rau nga cao LOn Lr;~i biin thimh co hao Oil Oi! Cha mf sinh ta kh(J' nhQC VO cung
Co nga cao LOn Lr;~i bie'n co uy Oi! Oi! Cha mf sinh ta
qtc nh9c gdy ye'u
Blnh ruqu nho dii cr;~n r6i, b!nh ruqu Lon c6 L6i Song m9t than tro tr9i chdng being chit cho vfn Khong cha bie't c{ly vao ai? Khong mf bie't nuong vao ai? Ra khong quen duqc bi thuong, vao
th! khong c6 nguai than
Cha h~ sinh ta, mf h~ duong ta Vuo't ve ta, cho ta bu Nuoi ta LOn, dr;~y db ta Trang nom ta, nang ta Ra vao b6ng ifm ta On sau muon ddp d~n th{lt baa La nhu trai xanh
D[CHTHCJ
(8)338
Thu®g thay cha mf, Sinh ta khd dau Co nga cao !Un,
Khong phdi co nga, mil co uy Thu®g thay cha mf,
Sinh ta kh6 b,ty
Blnh df!ng rli<JU khong,
Nh~;tc cho chen ru<Ju n6ng Nhilng nguai co d()c so'ng, Khong bling stfm che't di Khong cha ct;ly vao ai? Khong mf tf!a noi dau? Di th1 ngt;lm sdu, TriJ vJ nhu chua den Cha hJ sinh rata, M f hJ duiJng d~,tc ta
TRAN VAN CHANH
V6 vJ yeu quy ta, Nuoi fUn khan che chiJ U;li cham nom dam ng6, Ra, vao om lip ta On sau muo'n dap dJn, Nhu tr(!i xanh baa La Nui nam cao sitng silng, Gi6 m(,lnh th6i vu vu Ngu(!i khong khong may, Rieng ta phdi h(,li! Nui nam cao ch6t v6t, Gi6 m(,lnh th6i ao ao Nguai khong khong may, Rieng ta khong dli<JC mai, Nuoi cha mf den gia
TVC djch
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~liJ? fBJt)Ci?iV~.~$' Đ %~~? .n o @&:B: u- ~MZ :
$JT i* 131::, s~ 7tL , $JT m 131::,:t~ t( , ~ §g .L-:A Jf z ~ ~ , ~ r~
Z it it 13 -f- ? $it!: ?113 ?m ' $ fj~ ?I W, ~ q:t ' X ~ §g t) 8~ 8~
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roAN THV Tl/ HQC CHa HAN 339
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PHIENAM
Nguphu
Khuat Nguyen ky ph6ng, du 11 giang dam, hanh ngam tr~ch
b~n, nhan sac ti€u tl,J.y, hlnh dung kh6 Ngl1 phil kien nhi van chi viet:
- Til' phi Tam 111 d~i phu dl1? Ha co chi 11 tl1? Khuat nguyen viet:
-Chung nhan giai trQc, nga doc thanh; chung nhan giai tuy, nga
doc tinh; thi di kien ph6ng
Ng11 phil viet:
- Thanh nhan bat ngl1ng tr~ 11 v~t, nhi nang dG' the th6i di The nhan giai trQC, bat qu~t ky ne nhi dl1ong ky ba? Chung nhan giai tuy, bat b6 ky tao nhi xuyet ky ly? Ha co tham tl1 cao eli',
tlf linh ph6ng vi? Khuat Nguyen viet:
Ng6 van chi, tan moe gia tat dan quan, tan dl,IC gia tat chan y, an nang di than chi sat sat thl,l v~t chi van van giii h6? Ninh ph6 Tl1ong lu'u, tang 11 giang ngl1 phuc trung, hlfu an nang di h~o h~o
chi b~ch nhi m6ng the tl,IC chi tr~n h6?
Ngl1 phil hoan nhi nhi tieu, c6 the nhi khu, nai ca viet:
"Thl1ong Lang chi thily h€, kha di tr~c nga anh "Thl1ong Lang chi thily trQc h€, kha di tr~c nga tile"
To~i khu, bat phl,IC du ng6n
Tac gid-tac pha·m
(SiJ til)
(9)340 TRAN VAN CHANH
Khuat nguyen sou ong qua dCii Nhdn vqt Khu6t Nguyen lffi&
(340-278 trlldc CN) Ia toe gia chfnh cua nhGng bai "Sa tC/" noi tieng 6ng ten thqt Ia Blnh ngLJCii hoang t¢c nlldc sa hQC r¢ng nhieu tai
nhllng b! vua ghet bo vl nghe lai giem pha cua ke x6u buon ba mdi viet thien 'Ly tao' de b¢c bqch noi long sou om m¢t phien nhay xu6ng song M!ch La tl) t¢n Con ·sa tC/' Ia m¢t hlnh thC/c co dao mdi dllc;ic Khu6t Nguyen va m¢t s6 ngllai khac lam khoang the ky
thO Ill IV trlldc CN tren ccJ sa gia cong sang tqo va ph6t trien tC/ nhGng
co dao dan gian dllcJng thai; c6 the coi sa tC/ Ia m¢t loqi van xuoi co
van den ddi Han mdi dllc;ic tqp hc;ip chung IQi thdnh tqp sach
TU NGO
.Giang dam ?I~-: chi chung ch6n song h6 eTr{lch h{ln
wlfl.¥:ben ch~m, chi ben bo song eKho cao f6f~ :kh6 heo, h6c
hac, ti€u tl}y eTii r :6ng (d::ti tu nhan xl1ng ng6i thu hai) eTam Itt
d{li phu - jgj * :K : m<)t chuc quan cao tri€u dlnh nl1oc sa, coi v€ nhung vit%c cua hoang t<)c thu<)c ba hQ Khuat, Canh,
Chieue Clzi 11 tzt ~ :fj~ Wf : den n6i nude nft y ePhong1J'x: du6i di
.Thanh nhiin ~A : b?c thanh, nhan • Ngztng trf 'M: 1Wf:
cau nt%, c6 chap eThoi di jt ~ : xoay chuy~n, d6i thay •QruJ,t ?.@:
v£n dl;lC (a day dung theo phep sll' d<)ng, voi nghTa la "lam cho
v£n dl;lc") .Bo ~m: an .Tao ff?: ba rl1<;1u, hem .Xuyit I:X:u6ng
(dung nhl1 ~)eLy~~ :rl1<;1u nh::tt, rl1<;1u ngQn eTiziim tzl rgjt'Ef, : nghl
sau (y n6i lo nghT vit%c nude, vit%c dan) .Cao cil r%J ~: vit%c lam
khac voi ngl1oi blnh thl1ong .Ljnh %: khien cho .Dan quan 5' M
: tru bo bl;li b~m tren non (mil) .Chiilz y f [{ :t'(: tru bo bl;li b~m
tren ao .sat sat ~ ~ : S::tch • Viilz viilz ~X ~)(: trQC, nhd
nhop ã Tliang iifĐ :song Tl1dng eTang ~ : chon eH{lo h{lo 8* 8*:
tdng toa t, (trang) 16m IO'p, trang eTriln ~ ±9€ : bl;li b~m
eHoan nhi '% m': mim cuoi eCd ~~: go eThiftit: cay giftm
eThlidng Lang 1F; ~: song Thl1dng Lang eHi /5 :h€, a (tr<;1 tu )
eTr{lc ~: gi~t eAnh ~: leo mil, dai mil
TOAN THV Tl,1 HQC CHU HAN 341
NGO PHAP
CD 5! (kie'n): bi, dl1<;1c (tr<;J d<)ng tu, d~t trudc d<)ng tu,
bi~u thi bi d<)ng): ~J;)J''tn'x (Thi dT kiin ph6ng)
® ~(vi): tr<;1 tu ngu a cu6i diu, bi~u thi nghi van:
fPJ ~)Cr~,'EI,~~ ' 13 -%15'2~? (Ha cO' tham tl1 cao ell', ttf l!nh
ph6ng vi?)
đ ~Đg (an nang): c6 th~
@ $ (ninh): tha: ~ II:Uif§ ?liE (Ninh ph6 tl1dng l11U)
® ::f~ (ba't pht;~c): kh6ng l::ti
D[CHNGHlA
Khwl't Nguyen da bj du6i bo, tho tha?n iJ ben bC! song bC! ddm, vita di vita hat iJ ben ch!im, nhan sdc tiiu t¥-y, henh dung kh6 heo
C6 6ng lao ddnh cd tr6ng thay, hoi:
- Ong phdi la Tam lu dg_i phu day chang? Sao rna din n6i the'?
Khua't Nguyen ddp:
- Thien hg diu d!!-c, mqt menh ta trong, thien hg_ diu say, mqt
menh ta tlnh, cho nen bj du6i bo Ong lao ddnh cd n6i:
- Thanh nhan kh6ng cau n~ vi~c ge rna bie't thC!i thay d6i
NguC!i dC!i diu di!-C the kh6ng khuay them bun, d(jp them song
cho di!-c mqt thi? Thien hg_ diu say the kh6ng an cd men, hup
cd ba cho say mqt thi? Vi~c ge rna phdi nghT sau, lam khdc nguC!i
;jKb• ;j A?• b??
Lle fuUOl 0
Khua't Nguyen ddp;
- T6i nghe n6i, mai gqi ddu ta't chdi mii, mai tdm xong ttit thay
do; c6 dau dem cdi than sg_ch rna chju v(jt nho nhap du(Jc?
Tha nhdy xuo'ng song TuCJng, vui than b¥-ng cd, chu
dang trdng lam lOJJ rna chju vay b¥-i cat cua the' t/!-C?
(10)342
"Song Thuong nu(Jc chdy veo, Thz ta dem gi(it cdi leo mu ta Song Thuong nuac d[!,c chdy ra, Thz ta l9i xu6ng di ma nla chan" Hat xong, di thdng, kh6ng them m<?t lifi
TRAN VAN CHANH
-NGUYEN HIEN LE dich
( Trung Quae win h9C sa, t~p I) m
5
r-~ **~ :::<E liJt
FtJj 1]3: ~~ mz: , -=-if /G 1~ 1~ R ; ft~ ~ 3Ji ,~, rm #& ~* 15~ ~ , {, \ m•~,/G~ffi~~~R~r-~•~a:*~ffi~,•
IEJ)t~~zo
·~~ilfffi~:t~UiEl: :iSM~1PJ.L-j_~z?
F.T! r.:s-El · " :xi ;ct;-·j·rR ·j·rR :Em ±h B'Y: r ' r I:P Sl/_ 49." ~ Q /,± M w ttr:: 4Hf 1/', l/7' ã o Ơ ~ ~ ;fy\ if'A1.7<:: V.A 'D' T ' n"t :t2S lr.: 7:1 ~ 7<71 "" R3f?$~B~~~bm3f?~~*A~~~Sf?$~
~/G~u~~Sf?~~m••~~~Sf?$m~~-~
~-f?~~-~WT~~~~U-~A3f?$M~IT~
J;J E! 1~3f? M~~Wffl-*itmfl5z:tzo~ L-j,~t~Sf? •~ ~:fi-T
~z.~Sf? M~~8~8:67.kJi:l zm , W~_t T ftu .L-j_ ~~~-sf
?;ct;-ru~·~~%?~~~ ~%~?;ct;-ru-~.ttm~ • -Eifh ) " ~~ ~~~ fL ~Je T · n~ 00 ,~ J~ tL llVJ' T ~ ) ]!f 1:1cy _, T
? M~ W $1tli ~it Sf ? Jlt lJr5lJ1 L?9 , 1PJ 1dPJ ft£ ? t!=U~ 1ll ffiJ
X :=e J,UU ~"" ~ ~ :r: {'6 ' if;((( ã - Â:0: E3Jt E h :2: * Dl3 *
, I' {I§ ' :t!f! ~ /;7c!J EE! ' I i!10 /;7c!J 'l'.:r: ã ]!f S!ill:! ;J:.X: 7l": ' A I1::L Đ3 ,ff'iJ • il~
A~~,W±-~o~~~~~,~~~zM~?
•~~~~rm~a:~R~mm,~~ffi~;~~m /G~,~~ffi/G~;ft~ffi/G~,~~ffi/G~offl~Z
{,\ , 1i:i3 zã , a~~/GĐ~~oJJ:tã o
roAN THU Tl,l HQC CHU HAN 343
PRIEN AM
B6c cti
Khua't Nguyen ky ph6ng, tam nien ba't dac phl.Jc kien, ki~t tri
tan trung, nhi te chuang 11 sam, tam phi~n y lo(;ln, ba't tri sa tong,
niii vang kien thai b6c Trinh Thi~m Doan viet:
- Du huu sd nghi, nguy~n nhan tien sinh quyet chi Thi~m
Doan nai doan sach, pha't quy, viet:
-Quan tuong di giao chi?
Khua't Nguyen viet:
- Ng6 ninh kh6n kh6n, khoan khoan, phac di trung h6? Tuong
t6ng vang l<;1o lai, tu v6 cung h6? Ninh tru su thao mao di ltfc
canh h6? Tuong du d<;1i nhan di danh h6? Ninh chinh ng6n bat huy di nguy than h6? Tuong tong tl)C phu quy di thau sinh
h6? Ninh sieu nhien cao ell' di bao chan h6? Tuong sue ti l~t ti,
ac y nhu nhi di stf phl.J nhan h6? Ninh liem khiet chinh trtfc di ttf
thanh h6? Tuong d()t the ho(;lt ke nhu' chi nhu' vi di hi~t doanh h6?
Ninh ngang ngang nhu'QC thien ly chi cau h6? Tuong phiem
phiem nhu'QC thuy trung chi phu h6? Du ba thu'ong ha, thau di
toan ng6 khu h6? Ninh du ky ky khang ach h6? Tuong n6 rna
chi tich h6? Ninh du hoang h()c ti dtfc h6? Tuong du ke Vl.J tranh thtfc h6? ThU' thl)C cat, thl)C hung? Ha khu tong? The h6n trQC nhi bat thanh, thi~n dtfc vi trQng, thien quan vi khinh; hoang
chung huy khi, ngoa phu 16i minh; sam nhan cao truong, hi~n si
v6 danh Hu ta, m~c m~c h~, thuy tri ng6 chi liem trinh?
Thi~m Doan nai thich sach nhi t<;1 viet:
- Phu xich huu sa doan, th6n huu sa truong; v~t huu sd ba't
tuc, tri huu sa bat minh, s6 huu sa ba't dai, th~n huu sa bat thong Dl,lng quan chi tam, hanh quan chi y Quy sach· bat nang tri
(11)344 TRAN VAN CHANH
(Sil tt't)
Tac gia-tac phiim
Bai tllCing truyen cOng cua Khuat Nguyen nhllng thl)c te chi Ia truyen thuyet nglloi nlloc Sd ghi IQi d§ tll&ng ni$m 6ng sou 6ng
do qua doi
Tl1NG0
.cu.@-: C1 ( C1 day c6 nghia la d<,to xll' the', each cu xii') ePh6ng 1fJ : du6i bo eKie'n J! :g~p eKift tri !1~ ~ :dung he't tri tu~ Tt chlidng ~jiJ*: che la'p ngan trCi .sam ~l: giem pha, ke sam ninh
eTam phiin y lo{ln {,-tffi: ~ ;L: tam th~n roi lo<,tn, ru<)t gan roi boi
eThai boc-;k; !'- : ten chile quan chuyen coi v~ vi~c b6i .Nhan [!]:
nho •Quye't ~ : quye't dinh .Stich ~ (cling vie't la * ): co thi
dung d€ b6i eDoan sachftffij ~: xe'p l<,ti co thi cho ngan Quy
t$_: mai rua dung d€ b6i ePhat quy :t~ t$_ : phui (b1,1i) tren mai rua
eNinh tlidng $ M~ (xem ph~n Ngfl phap (j duoi) eKho?n khifn
khoan khoan ·f·i!J·f·I!I~:X ~ : he't long trung thanh, trung he't
ml,I'c ePhac di trung ~.L-.:t~,: th.;it tha rna trung eTong viing
l{lo lai m 1i#*: di de'n dau cling dua d6n tie'p dai .vo
ciing~~: kh6ng di de'n dau rna kh6ng thong (di dau cling dUQC
trot lQt) eTru sit §*i!h: di~t tnr, cuoc xoi (Ci day §* cling nghia
roAN THU TIJ HQC CHU HAN
- 345
vdi jj]) Du dl,li nluin 3J[f -}(A: lui toi nhung nguoi quy~n quy .Thanh danh JJX.ij: gay dQ'ng ten tu61e Nguy than m~: nguy h(li de'n than mlnh eThau sinh y~ {±_ ( 9~ = '\'@tr): song t<,tm bQ (theo thuye't cua Vuong D.;it thl "thau sinh" la than du<;jc an vui) eCiuin
~: ban tinh eSuc ti lijt ti, tic y nhu nhi OJE ~ '\~ Wf oi_ ~jt 0~ O)t: gu<;jng n6i gu<;jng cuoi (lam ve tuoi cuoi d€ chi~u theo y nguoi) ePh~t nhan 9w )\: nguoi dan ba Day chi Trinh T1,1 la nguoi du<;jc vua SCi Hoai Vuong sung eT~I thanh § 1~: lam cho mlnh du<;Jc s(lch (chiT 1~ dung nhu d<)ng tu theo phep sll' d<)ng) .D()t the ho{lt ke~ :f~ m-~ : tron trinh tron tru, xu6i theo
.Chi ~9:: mo• Vi ~: da thu<)c eHifl ~ : luang (do cai tron
gQi la "hi~t") eDoanh :f~: cay c<)t eHi~t doanh : cay c<)t tron;
vl thl phai xu6i theo b~ tron, nen c1,1m tli "hi~t doanh" c6 y n6i xu ph1,1 theo the' ll,I'c, chlm n6i theo doi eN gang ngang~ ~: ngang tang kh6ng chiu cam tam cui d~u ePhie'm phitm ~[2 ~[2: tr6i n6i v6 d!nh Phil ~: con vit rung, le eKy ky f.m ,ifj: ngl,I'a ky va ngl,I'a ky (d~u la nhung giong ngl,I'a gioi) .Khang1C: gio len .Ach tjjm: cai ach (d€ thang nglfavao xe) Dil ky ky khang ach
W.f.m!r~1C tjjm: thang xe chung voi ngl,I'a ky, nglfa ky eNoJl;:
nglfa hen .Ti'iy no mii chi tich ~ Jl; -~ L lf!j]i: ch(ly theo ngl,I'a
hen .Hoang h()c ji]i~: chim hoang h<)c, thien nga .Tl difc .l:t it:
bay chung .vv ~:con vit troi .Hfm 100: v~n d1,1c 0~ yi} = 1.EUIJ [hon trQc ], v~n d1,1c, nho nhdp, b~n) .Qulin ~~: quan ( don vi trQng lu<;5ng thoi xua, bang 30 can) .Hoang chung ji~j: chuang vang (m<)t lo(li nh<,tc ra't to, phat tie'ng to va treo)
•Ngoa phil ][~: n6i da't set eLoi minh '§§P.~: tie'ng keu nhu sam
Cao trztdng ~5~: khoac lac (chi C1 dia vi cao) eV6 danh
~~: kh6ng c6 danh vi, kh6ng du<;Jc b6 nhi~m eThich ~': roi ra, bu6ng eT{l ~t: cao loi .so'~: so, thu~t so, que b6i eDiii ~:
(12)346
TRAN VAN CHANH xu'ng ng6i thU' hai)
NGOPHAP
CD fR(u'): gidi tU' bi€u thj bj d<)ng, c6 th€ djch la "bj bai ":
ffiHij~~~fRgl (Nhi te chuang 11 sam)
@ z (chi): t6i, chung t6i (dung nhu fJ<; [nga], di;ii tll' nhan Xu'ng ng6i thU' nhat ): ~M~1PJ.L-~~z? (Quan tu'ong di giao
chi?)
®~A (thvc): cai gl, gl (d?i tu nghi van): ilt~A~~l:AI29 .. ? (Thii'
thl,IC cat thl}C hung ?)
@ fQ] (ha): cai gl, gl (di;ii tll' nghi van): fPJ:ftfPJ1tf? (Ha khu
' ?) tong
® x (phil): tr<;f tU' d~u cau (= phat ngu tu ), v6 nghia, thuCing d€ rna d~u m<)t do<;1n van nghj lu?n: xR.1==J7'ifTf.£_ (Phu xich huu
sa doan )
D[CHNGHiA
(/~,
}~'%.~
/·\\ ~
~~ \1 .. ~
' WJ
h :/'r,-Khuat Nguyen Boi each Clt xit
Khuat Nguyen bj du6i bo, ba nam khong du(/c gijp lt:;Ii vua, tQn trf t(in trung ma bj fiJi giem pha che lap, long phiJn, y lo(ln, khong hilt nen sao, moi lt;zi tham quan thai bo'c Trinh Thiim Doan, n6i:
- Toi c6 dtiu nghi, xin tien sinh quyet cho
Thiim Doan sita lt:;Ii co thi, phui mai rua, hoi: '
roAN THU' TIJ HQC CHa HAN 347
- Ong mwfn dt:;Iy toi vi?c gz?
Khulit Nguyen ddp:
- Toi nen khdn khdn, khoiin khoiin, thimh thf:(c di he't long trung chang? Hay nen dua don theo diJi di khoi khan cung? Nen bua giliy co !au di he't sac lam ruqrig chang? Hay nen giao du voi ke sang di cdu danh? Nen n6i thdng chdng kieng ni gz di nguy than chang? Hay nen theo thai tt:tC, cdu giau sang di song cdu thii? Nen sieu nhien xua't the' di gifl thien chan chang? Hay nen njnh hot, khum num, xun xoe, gu(/ng n6i gu(/ng cuiJi di hdu ht:;I dan ba? Nen liem khie't, thinh trf:(c di du(/c st:;Ich chang? Hay nen tron trfnh, tr(Jn tru nhu ma, nhli da di dli(/C nhu cdi CQt bong? Nen ngang tang nhu ngf:(a thien ly chang? Hay nen tenh denh nhu vit iJ tren mijt nuoc cung nhap nho voi song di biio toan lay than? Nen cht:;Iy dua voi loai ngf:(a kjl, ngf:(a ky chang? Hay nen theo cdi ve't cua loai ngf:(a him? Nen cung bay voi loai chim hoang hQC chang? Hay nen cung tranh an voi ga vjt? Duong nao edt, duiJng nao hung? Bo duiJng nao, theo duiJng nao? DiJi hbn trQC ma khong thz cdnh ve Ia nijng ma nghtn can Ia nhf; chuang vang thz bo nat nbi da't tht keu vang; ke giem pha thz len chan, nguiJi hdn sf tht v6 danh Than oil Bitt n6i gt day? Ai bie't ta Ia S(lch?
Thdm Doan dijt co thi xuo'ng ma t(l rdng:
- Thuoc c6 ngdn, ma ta'c c6 dai; vQt c6 chb khong du ma tri c6 chb khong sang; so' c6 chb dodn khong toi ma thdn c6 chb khong thong Ong ca theo long ong ma lam dung y 6ng Co thi va mai rua thQt khong bie't dli(/C vi?c ay
(13)348
TU THU' - NGO KINH
tz:g ~-li *~
KINHDJCH~ *~
6
TRAN VAN CHANH
fl~z* ffll~
fl~z*~~~-;fl~~z*~~~*o~~~·~ ~X~·~-~-~z~·Xffi~*~~~·~rnz~
~rnfuo~B:BC~~¥o~~~fu o
-# - ~
·~- ·~
1:1 ~ :1:
··~ ~ • • .:~ '#"
••
•• PHLENAM
Tfch thi~n chi gia
Tich thi~n chi gia tat huu dli khanh; tich bat thi~n chi gia tat huu dli liang Thfin thi ky quan, nl' thi ky ph\1, phi nhat trieu nhat tich chi co, ky sa lai gia ti~m hi, bi~n chi bat tao bi~n diL Dich viet: Ly sliang kien bang chi Cai ng6n thu?n da
(Chu Djch, que Khon, Van ngon truy?n)
roAN THV n,1 HQC CHU HAN 349
Tac giii-tac philm
Kinh Djch (con gQi Ia Chu Djch) Ia ·mc;>t nhQng bQ s6ch triet ly SQ nhat cua Trung Quae co dQi, dll<;IC xep vao h$ thong NgO kinh cua Nho gi6o Tllong truyen Chu Djch Chu Van Vuong (khoang the ky 11 truoc CN) lam dll<;ic Khong Tu (551-479 trlloc CN) san djnh dan giai Bai trich Van ng6n truy$n cua Que khan n6i ve lu¢t tich thi~n
TUNG(!
Khanh • : phuc l!dng 7:k:: hQa, tai liang Thilnf!2.: bfty t6i
.Thi ~ giet .Qulin ~: vua .sa do lai pffffi *: nguyen dlia den, ngu6n g6c.Do E13: (xem Ngil phap (J dlioi).Bi~n ¥~: phan
bi~t, bi~n bi~t (dung nhli Win .Ljft: d<,lp len, xeo len Thuqnll[&:
theo Chu Djch ban nghia thl II[& dung thong voi '!'~ (th~n) y n6i
dn phai nh~n n6 luc n6 moi phat sinh
NG(! PHAP
CD El3 (do): do, bdi (gioi tu chi nguyen nhan):
~¥~Z)f~¥~fu (Do bi~n chi bat tao bi~n da)
® :i! (cai): d<.ti khai (ph6 tu): ~~lll&fu(Cai ng6n thu~n da)
D!CH NGHlA
Nha tich diiu thi~n
Nha tich chua ddu thi?n ttlt c6 phuc thita vi sau; nha tich chua ddu de ta't c6 hQa thita vi sau Bdy toi gilt vua, gilt cha, khong phdi nguyen m9t sam m9t chiiu, ngubn go'c cua n6
La ldn ldn phdt sinh ra, kh6ng sam nht;in ri5 thay chan tuang
vt;iy Kinh Djch n6i: EJgp len suong thi bilt sdp c6 bang cung fJ(li dlla phdi tht;in trQng tit truac
TVC djch
(14)350
TRAN VAN CHANH
7
7(#±ill~ m.J ~
7(#~~,~~~*;~~U~,~~~*o
JJJij¥:ffm- , ~u *~*
:1J 1.-)Jt~ ~ ' 1o/J 1 .J u)} ' 5129 ~ * 0
1£7(JJX:~ ' 1±±ill!JX:% ' ~1t~* 0 PHIENAM
hi
Thien ton dja ti
Thien ton dia ti, Can Khon dinh hi; ti cao di tr~n, quy ti~n vi D()ng tinh huu thttong, cttcrng nhu doan hi
Phuong di lo~i tl;l, v~t di qu~n phan, cat sinh hi
T~i thien tttqng, t~i dia hlnh, bien h6a hi~n hi (Chu Djch, H? tit thli(Jng) Tac gid-tac philm
Bai trich (J phon dau "H$ tCJ thLJQng truy$n' cua Chu Dich ban
Ve Sl,f bien h6a d(>ng tTnh CUO CUO VU tn,J VQn VQt thea lu(Jt dm dll<Jng TUN GO
.Can ~ : que Can •Khon ~: que Kh6n .Djnh }E: dinh ra,
d~t ra .Triln ~-*: bay •Quj ti?n ~~~: sang va hen ãDQng tinh i}J ijƠ: d9ng va dung yen, d()ng trnh .Cudng nhu ~U*: cung
va m€m •Dolin ~: phan chia r~ch roi .Phudngj]: d~o, quan
ni~m y thuc thu()c ph~m trii triru tttcjng •Lo(li ~: lo~i, loai •Tli(Jng ~: h'inh tu'cjng (chi m~t troi, trang ) Hi?n~: hi~n (dung nhtt f~)
TOAN THll Tl,l HQC CHlJ HAN 351
NCO PHAP
CD * (hi): trCJ tir bi~u thi kh£ng dinh: ~t$5E* (Can kh6n dinh hi)
® tJ (di): theo (gidi tir): ~tJ~J}(V~t di qugn phan)
D[CH NGHlk
Trdi cao diit thiip
TriJi caa dlit thap, vi tri cua que Can que Khan moi dut;Jc (thdnh nhan) xdc dinh; caa thap dii bay thl Sl;{ quy va ti?n cua
sl;( vt;it moi dliu vaa ngoi vi
E>qng va tinh cua triJi da't dii c6 quy lut;it nha't dinh thl tinh cha't duong cuong va lim nhu moi phlin bi?t n;zch roi
Cdc quan ni?m y thac trang thien hc;z t~;t h9p thea lac;zi, (con) cdc laai dqng thl;(c vt;it thz phlin thea nh6m, tit d6 moi sinh edt va
Nhflng vt;it tren triJi (nht;it nguy?t tinh thdn ) nhdu biiu tut;Jng; nhflng vt;it (j duoi da't (nui song,dqng thl;(c vt;it ) ra nhdu hznh thi; le bie'n h6a nhu vt;iy dii hi?n ro
TVC dich
LE KY tl ~c
8
wti&~~ fff t~~c
fL-=f~~ w f~~ , :ff~w A~:O~£f3 iffi:R o x-=ft\:~Z ,
~-=f~~za: r-=fZ~*'•M~:ff-f3?Jo~B
(15)352 TRAN VAN CHANH
.n :K ::F-El : II" 1PJ ~ /f -:t tl1 ? .n ° El : ll" 1m ~ i& .n :K
.::F-E!< 1r ;J\.:r:-~z o ~i&1~~~!JE-tl1.n
PHIENAM
Ha chfnh manh u' h6
Kh6ng Ttl' qua Thai Son trac, huu pht.J nhan khoc u m<) gia nhi Phu ttl' thuc thfnh chi, sll' Ttl' L<) van chi viet: "Ttl' chi khoc da, nhat tlf trung huu ttu gia ?" Nai viet: "Nhien Tfch gicl ng6 cuu ttl' u h6, ng6 phu hlfu ttl' yen, kim ng6 ttl' hlfu ttl' yen" Phu ttl' viet: "Ha vi bat khu da?" Viet: "V6 chfnh" Phu ttl' viet: "Ti~u ttl'
chi chi Ha chfnh manh u h6 da "
(L~ ky)
Tac gia-tlic philm
Le ky cOng Ia m¢t b¢ sdch h$ thong NgO kinh cua Nho gido, c6 le Ia cong trinh t¢p the cua nhieu the h$ Den cu6i dc':ii Han,
Md Dung chan chTnh IQi 49 thien nhli nay, n¢i dung ghi IQi nhOng dieu c6 lien quan den che d¢, le nghi, phep tOe cua Trung Qu6c co dQi, dong thc':ii cOng boo hOm nhOng tli tlicng ve chinh trj,
ludn ly, triet hQc Bai trich thien"Dan cung hQ", dung m¢t mau chuy$n ngan de t6 coo m¢t each thdm tram te nh! chinh sdch tan bQO cua nhd cam quyen Trung Qu6c dli<Jng thc':ii
TUNGO
eMi) £: ng6i m<) eAi -R,: bi thuong, bi ai, bu6n tham ePhu til
:K.::f: phu ttl' (tieng d~ ton xung nhung nguoi c6 hQc thuc dang
trQng VQng thoi Xu'a) eThilc:J'\ : tlfa vao don ngang xe cui mlnh
xuong d~ to y kfnh le (dung nhu' fit) eCilu ~: cha ch6ng
eKhz£-:t: bo di eHa chinh ~ iJ&: chfnh sach khac eTiiu tti;j\.::f: con (tieng d~ gQi hang chau ho?c hQc tro) Chi~: ghi nhd
TOAN THlJTl,l HQC CHa HAN 353
NGO PHAP
CD ~ ( nha't)(d<;trtg viet kep cua - ): th~t la (ph6
tu): ~{J;l,£ :ff?ff3 (Nhlit tl! trung huu ttu gia)
® ~(yen): d<;ti tu chi thi 'hQp am cua ~+z' c6 th~ dich la ,, d' o 0, VI ' d'" 0 T rong b' at, :E ±:v:z;r;~ o:l':A?'Lfi'W- o : l ' : A-:E ±:v];'Ct:A -'7-?'
L/J::.,<_-~:K'X.n ~~ !JE
® fPJ~ (ha vi): vl (dung d~ hoi)
@{Q (da): trQ tu cuoi cau:
a) Bi~u thi nghi van: 1PJ~/f-:ttl1 ? (Ha vi bat khu dii?)
b) Bi~u thi kh~ng dinh: ~ i& 1~~~ !JE-tl1 (Ha chfnh manh u h6 dii)
D[CHNGHlA
Chinh sach kluic tim b{lO hdn C(Jp
Khllng Tit di qua ben nui Thai Se!n, c6 mqt nguiJi dim ba kh6c
6' m9 r!it bi thuCJng Phu tit tf;(a vao don ngang xe cui minh xuc/ng
di nghe, sai Tit L9 hoi ba ta rdng: "Tie'ng kh6c cua ba duiJng nhu
c6 nhi~u n6i dau bu6n?".(NguiJi dan ba) ben trd fiJi rling: "Dung
tht Ngay tru(Jc cha chbng t6i che't vi c(Jp, chbng t6i cung che't vi
c(Jp, t6i lc;Ii chit vi c9p" Phu tit n6i rdng: "Tc;Ii ba khong bo di?" (Nguoi dan ba) ddp: "CJ day kh6ng c6 chinh sdch ha khdc" Phu tit n6i rdng: "Cdc tro hay ghi nho di~u d6 Chinh sdch khdc tan bc;IO he!n C(Jp "
TVC djch
w
9
* IPJ t~~c
§ frf:!Ft:,W~~~~it' ~·' I±\ ~~~ID[z_t' o~~fffiOJ o
(16)354 TRAN VAN CHANH fL-1-B : u- *i]Iz frfu ' W- *Z.~ ' l i 7KZ~-ti1 , fffi
~;G~.n
u- *i]Iz fffu ' :JC-r~0 , ~JiW§g , ~1§ flffHi o i!ix
A~~m~m,~~-1-~-1-,~~~M~,M~ffim, w~ffi~'~'-'M'~'~*~,~~ffiR;~~
~'~~&;~~~-~~-ti1'~~-~2;~~~~ lli~~-ti1,~~~2o~~~Mfffi~R,~Ma~fffi~
11= , i!!Jz: 7}? fffi ~ M , ~ ~ * fPJ .n
PHIENAM
D~i d6ng
Tich TrQng Ni dlf u l~p tan, slf tat, xuat du u quan chi thu<;Jng, vj nhien nhi than TrQng Ni chi than, cai than Lo da Ng6n Y~n
t~i td:c, viet: "Quan ttl' than?" Kh6ng Ttl' viet: "D~i d~o chi hanh da, du Tam d~i chi anh, Khau vj chi dai da, nhi huu chi yen
"D~i d~o chi hanh da, thien h~ vi c6ng, tuy~n hi~n du nang, giang tin tu ffii}C Co nhan bat OQC than ky than, bat OQC ttl' ky ttl', sli' lao huu Sd chung, trang huu Sd dl}ng, au huu Sd trudng, quan, qua, co, d<)c, phe t?t gia, giai huu sCi duong; nam huu ph?n, nil' huu quy; h6a o ky u aja da, bat tat tang u ky; life o ky bat xuat u than da, bat tat vj ky Thj co muu be nhi bat hung, d~o thiet lo~n t?c nhi bat tac, co ngo~i hQ nhi bat be, thi vi d~i a6ng"
(L~ kj) Tac gia-tlic philm
Bai trich thien "Le v(ln" chlieing "8c;ti dong", m6 tO Lioc md
ve m<?t xd hQi c6ng bang, ly tli&ng tlicng lai - mQt xd hQi dc;ti dong, d6 thien hc;t, cua cai Ia cua chung cua mQi nglidi
roAN THu' TV HQC CHU HAN 355
-rU NGO
eD{li d6ng *[P]: the gioi hoa blnh thong nhat eDifW: tham dlf,
dlf vao .L{lp ~ij: te ch~p (le te ell' hanh vao thang 12 moi nam)
.Tat~: xong eTan'ffi: khach Qzuin im: m6n khuyet, cll'a khuyet
(cll'a c6 hai lftu gac a truoc cung di~n, d~n dai ) .vj nhienD~?t,:
bui ngui, ng?m ngui .ThanDI_: than thCi (cling viet la~).TrQng
Ni fr:fl/E: ten cua Kh6ng Ttl' eNgon Yin ~=~ fj!: tuc Ttl' Du (hQc tro
Kh6ng Ttl') eD{li d{lo*i]I: d~o IOn (theo chu giai cua Trinh
Huy~n, la d~o trj nude cua thai Ngli de) eTam d{li chi anh
.:=.1~z~: "tam d~i" la doi H~, Thuong, Chu; "anh" la nguoi
tai nang xuat chung, chi nhung nhan v?t nhu Vli, Thang, Van,
Yo, Thanh Vuong, Chu C6ng, d~u la nhung b?c nhan ly
tu&ng cua Nho gia eDiii~: Iqp .Chi $: sach ghi chep (theo
thuyet cua Chu Ban; day cling c6 th~ hi~u la "d~ chi vao", nhu
bai dich a duoi) .Cong 0: c6ng, chung .Hi~n J[: nguoi hi~n (c6
tai due) .Niing§g: ngu'oi gioi (c6 tai nang) Dil W: va (lien tU),
nhung c6 thuyet cho Wdung thong voi '*(ell') ngh1a la "d~ ell',
cat nhifc" eQuan ~*: gia rna khong CO VQ(Cling viet la ~) eQua
• : gia rna kh6ng c6 ch6ng .co JJJl: tre rna kh6ng c6 cha (m6 c6i
cha) eDI)c ~: gia rna kh6ng c6 ePhqn ~: chile nghi~p eQuy ~fff: gai xuat gia gQi la "quy", day c6 th~ hi~u la noi gia dlnh
d~ tr& v~ .Hoa ~: hang hoa, tai nguyen .6 ky li dja
~;!'.{·1J~±t: kh6ng d~ cho chung bi bo phe duoi oat .Tang S:
cat chua eL{lC~: tri life va lao life .6 ky bat xuat ll than dii
~;!'.{~ llin~~ fu: sQ ding chung khong phat huy tu than
mlnh eMztu ~: am muu, muu ke .Be' M: dong l~i, d?p tift
•Hztng $: day len, n6i len eD{lO thiet lo{lll tijc ~ M ~L ~: tr<)m
(17)356
TRAN VAN CHANH
NG0PHAP
· CD~ (cai): c6 le, duong nhu (ph6 tll'): ~Pl ~111 (Cai than L6 da)
® z (chi) cau Ji*Z.~-fft (Khau vi chi dai da) la tan ngu cua d<)ng tll' ~ (dai) Trong cau phu dinh, tan ngu thuong d?t trudc d<)ng tu ( khong viet: Ji*~Z 1ft) (xem l<;1i phfrn II, bai
93, Ngil phdp )
@ m (than) va T (til') thu nhat bai du'QC dung nhu d<)ng tll' Rieng chu r dung theo phep y d<)ng, c6 nghia "coi la con", iJ day c6 th€ dich la"thuong yeu, nuoi duong "
@ ~t& (thj co): vl the
® ~~ (thj vi): d6 gQi la, nhu' the gQi la (~ la d<;ii tu chi' thi d€ chi' l<;1i di€u da n6i (J trudc )
D[CHNGH[A
Dq_i ddng
Xua, TrQng Ni lam tan khdch, dlf ll te' chqp a nude LJ
Vi¢c dii xong, nghl choi a ch6 m6n khuye't, ngai bui ngui
rna than TrQng Ni than d6 chang than nude LJ Ng6n Yin a
ben, n6i: "NguC!i quan til than gi the'?" Kh6?ng Til ddp:
"Khuu kh6ng duqc kip thay dq.i dq.o thi hanh va cdc bf].c anh hdn a Tam dai, rna chl c6 chi a viec lam cila cdc anh hdn ay thai
"Dq.i dq.o rna thi hanh thi thien hq La c6ng cqng (cila chung}, ken nguC!i anh hdn, ell nguC!i tai nang, gidng ddu tin thlfc, sua ddu hoa mlj-c, nen nguC!i ta kh6ng rieng than nguC!i
than minh, kh6ng rieng yeu cdi minh, khie'n cho nguCii
gia c6 cdi nuong dlfa di chat dC!i, nguC!i tre c6 vi¢c lam di thi tho: nguC!i be c6 slf chan ddt di ldn len; hq.ng quan phu,
qud ph~j-, c6i cut, don chie'c va tan tt].t diu duqc nu6i du!Jng;
roAN THLI TV HQC CHU HAN 357
con trai c6 phf].n, gdi c6 noi cho'n di nuong vi; do'i vdi
tai h6a, ghet rdng roi viii a d(i't, kh6ng cdn chua cd't a noi
minh; do'i vdi sue life, ghet rdng kh6ng til minh, kh6ng
cdn phdi lam Vl minh ly cho nen mUu m6 diu dt;p tdt rna
kh6ng day ten, trqm cdp gitjc cudp kh6ng n6i dt].y;c6?ng ngoai kh6ng phdi dong, the' gQi la dq.i d6ng
HOANG THUC TRAM dich
(Tu tuong dq.i d6ng cd hQc Trung Hoa, NXB Van H6a, Ha
Nqi, 1950)
KINH THU :& *~
10
4Hf: ,.,, ~ ~ 5€ ~ s '!!.«!
11'-I:
~08: r~~!~~ffi·~~~o~~~MZ.ER
JJ~ ' f!IJ~o;J\AZ 1~ o t§;J\A ' 191X)(£3:JJJ~~- , 191X
r JJ::f~D~MZ.E~t ' JJ~ , JJ~~f~ ' ~ f!IJ1wi91X)(£3:
' B : "~Z.A~Iif.I~D" .n o
PHIENAM
vo d~t
Chu cong viet: "0 h6! Quan til' siJ, ky v6 d~t Tien tri gia sac chi gian nan, niii d~t, tac tri ti€u nhan chi y Tudng ti€u nhan, quyet phl,l m~u dn lao gia sac, quyet til' nai bat tri gia sac chi
gian nan, nai d~t, nai ng<;1n ky dan, phu tac vii quyet phl;l m~u, viet: 'Tich chi nhan v6 van tri' "
(18)358 TRAN VAN CHANH
Chu cong
Tac gia-tac philm
Kinh Thu hay ThUqng thu Ia m(lt b¢ s6ch h$ thong NgO Kinh
cua Nho gia sllu t(lp nhQng van ki$n chinh trj qudn sv van h6a cua Trung Quoc co dqi khoang thai gian tCI thai Nghieu Thuan cho Wi Tdy Chu tucng truyen cung c6 qua toy san d!nh cua Khong TU ban dau c6 Wi 100 thien chi 30 thien Doqn tren day trich tCI thien
"V6 d(lt" Ia lai cua Chu C6ng khuyen vua Thanh Vucng dqi y n6i ke
lam vua tr! ddn phai biet nghl tdi noi kho va lo cho dai song cua ddn kh6ng dll<;Jc ham slj an nhan va hllC:ing tht,J
TU NGO
• Vo dqt ~ ~: cho c6 nh~tn roi •Quiin til slJ ky vo dqt
::E-1-fifTA~~: "quan ttl'" chi ngu'oi (J ngoi tren; d cau c6 nghia la ngu'oi Hinh Q(,lO dan chung (J ngoi tren khong nen ham muon
du'c;ic an nhan hu'CJng th1,1 eGia silt 1* fi: n6i chung v~ vi~c canh
t<ic (cay d(y, tr6ng trQt gQi la "gia", thu ho<:tch gQi la "sat")•Niii
dqt J'J ~: r6i moi nghi Wi sl.f hu'CJng th1,1 eTiiu nhiin chi y
;J\Az 1:&: noi kh6 long cua dan chung ("titiu nhan" chi dan thu'ong; "y", cac chu giai eli d~u cho la "nho vao", chi vi~c ca'y tr6ng, y n6i: dan chung nho vao vi~c ca'y tr6ng dti song; Ton Tinh Dien Thu(Jng thu kim c5 van chu so giai chu "y" la
TOAN THU TlJ HQC CHU HAN 359
"noi dau ngftm") eTztfJng ;f§: xem, trong, nhln eNgq.n ~: tho
b<;!O (nen vie't la Og) eDiin ~:can ro vole
NGOPHAP
CD ;!t ~ (ky) la ph6 tu bitiu thi khuye'n l~nh: A~~ ! (Ky vo
d~t!)
® JJ (niii): moi, r6i moi (lien tu)
@ Chu {:& (y) bai la d<)ng tu du'c;ic dung nhu' danh tu (qua
hi~u qua cua trc;i tu ke't ca'u z)
@ ~ (quye't) (d<:ti til) Cua n6, kia, mlnh, dung nhu' chu A(ky) lam dinh ngu: ~)(£3: = A5Z£J:, JiAA-1- = AT
@:;§ ~U (phu Hie): ne'u khong thl
D[CH NGH[A
Cha r6i
Chu Cong n6i : "Noi nguoi qulin til o La cho c6 rbi! Bie't truoc
cai kh6 khan cua Sf! gieo cay rbi moi nhan rbi thl bie't n(Ji nu®g tf!a cua dan him Xem br;m dan h£m: cha mf n6 sieng cham gieo cay Con n6 Lg_i khong bie't tntOc cai kh6 nhQC cua gieo cay r6i moi nhan rbi nen n6i x5ng, n6i can, khong thl khinh cha mlj! n6, n6i rling: "Nguoi hbi truoc chdng nghe, bie't gi cd!' "
NHU(jNG TONG djch
(Thu(Jng thu, NXB Tan Vi~t, 1963)
~ m
11
~if ~:'(,{ô E3 ,,~
M~Đ*:fX~,z , ~o~ -fr~ , ~~1~ , ~filiti , A{,'f*
(19)360
TRAN VAN CHANH
{.~~:rz, /f1!f;E;=§JtotB o ~§~~z, l-),f*flt-TI%~.a;;
, #~fft'J~ ' ·Az ff:t~ , '§' ~.L-_:j,~z o Azgg~ , rm
@:z , 1~:;;r~ o ~:;;r§~?ff , .L-),/f§~f*flt-TI%~.a;; , #a
M~!nzm~·B~-A:nz~~·#~-Az§o
PHIENAM
Tan th~
Mu<)i mu<)i nga tll' chi: nhU' huu nhat gioi th~n, doan doan y, vo tha ky; ky tam hU'U hU'U yen, ky nhu huu dung; nhan chi huu ky, nhu<Jc ky huu chi; nhan chi ng~n thanh, ky tam hieu chi, bat xi nhU'<;fc tlf ky khfiu xuat; thi nang dung chi, di bao nga til' ton le dan; di~c chile huu l<Ji tai Nhan chi huu ky, m~o t?t di o chi; nhan chi ng~n thanh nhi vi chi, ti bat d~ t; thi bat nang dung, di bat nang bao nga til' ton le dan; di~c viet dai tai! Bang chi ng<)t niet, viet nhat nhan; bang chi vinh hoai, di~c thU'<Jng nhat
nhan chi khanh
(Thuf/ng thu: Tfln th?) Tac giii-tac pha·m
DoQn trfch thien 'TOn th$' s6ch ThUqng thu, ban ve sl) can thiet phai c6 dQc khoan dung cua nglldi bay t6i tr6ch nhi$m doi vCii ddn vdi nlldc
TU NGrJ
eTh? W:: th~ eMuQi muQi !J3KIJ3K: ng~m, th~m eGidi fr: m<)t cai,
m<)t nguoi (lll'<;fng tU') eDoan doan lftiT lftiT: thanh khfi'n .y 11%: tr<J tt1
ngu am, dung nhu /5" (h~) eHliu huu ftft: khoan dung d<)
lU'<;fngeKy nhu hilu dung Jt:tzoff:@:: "ky" dung nhu JJ (nai); "nhu", Cong DuCJng truy~n dan do~n n~y, viet la §~ (nang)
eNg{lngg: ke si hi~n luang, chi' nguoi c6 tai due eHieu ~r: U'a
TOAN THlJTl,l HQC CHU HAN 361
thich .Bat xi /f1!f: khong chi .Le dan ~ ~: dan den, dan chung
.chzlc ~~: sach Dr;Ii hQC d§n cau n~y viet la rSJ (thU'<;fng) nghia la
may ra, ng5 hftu M{lo tQ.t '§'~: "m~o" nen viet la ~ ;~dung thong voi ~ "M~o t?t" la ganh ghet, ky eNhi vi chi ti bat d{lt
ffiJ@:Z{~/f3t: "vi" la vi ph~m can tr&; "ti" la khien cho; "bat
d~t" la khong d~t; c6 ch6 giai la khong thong d~t den vua .Bat niing dung/f§~?ff: khong dung thu ngll'oi khac, y n6i long d~ hyp hoi .Dai ljf5: nguy hi~m .NgQt niet :fJC~~: khong yen .viet
B: tr<;f tlr aft u ca U, vo nghia • Vinh hoai ~t~: "vinh" la ph6n
vinh, "hoai" la yen 6n
D!CHNGHlA
Lili thi cua vua Tiln M11-c ci)ng
Ta trdm tinh suy nghi: Nhu c6 m()t ngu&i bi toi c6 dac
thl:(c, khong can tai gi khdc; long thi yeu diiu thi~n, dung du(Jc ke khdc; ke khdc c6 tai cilng nhu minh c6; ke khdc thong minh dac
hr;Inh thi long thl:(c yeu men cha khong phdi chl yeu ngoai
mi~ng; nhu v(ly la ngu&i bi toi ay bie't dung ngu&i ma se gia gin con chdu, le dan cho ta du(Jc; dung ngu&i d6 th(lt l(Ji cho nuoc thay! Con ne'u c6 ngu&i bi toi thay ke khdc c6 tai ma ghen ghet;
thay ke khdc thong minh dac hg.nh ma ngiin can khien cho ke d6
khong dg.t; the' la khong bie't dung ngu&i ma se khong gill
dur;c chdu le dan cho ta; dung ngu&i d6 th(lt nguy cho nuoc
thay! Nuoc ma nguy bie'n thi m()t ngu&i; ma nuoc ve vang, yen
6n cilng phuoc cua m()t ngu&i (y n6i ngu(!i bi toi hiin hay
khong)
(20)362
TRAN VAN CHANH
? "
TA TRUY~N ft 1'
12
frZ.ff£::f'~iif~ 6:1$
~~-~~~'fl'-Zff£::f'~~' ~#m&o ff£B: r
•0-z~~A,~~~~ o -,~~~,n~•z o **@
~,~~~~ 0 ~~~~,#~~~?*•~-z,~=
=~~mab,::f'#~s:F-?MAzM,~~-z~,~•
*Z.~~mabs:F-?T•~w,~•~~,~Tffi~ ,
ifHiiJ.~* .n o
~-fE:B: r~#*Z.'~~~~.n o ~B: rt~~
z,WXft~ o _fi~~~,::f'~~~.n o ~-fE:B: r#
~~-z,~m?.n o ~B: r~,~Zxt!1 o ~~- ,
~ ,'Cffl m R=l ;-'r '7 ? El -do-ii§ J-h .n :::t:t LU B r L t; +ro El w ? ill -1-. f:l:t;
_A_ t<:_ • 7E -'J'-, , , -! !: / , 1-l} • lk, )1 7E T , , Y- E3
• n o ~-~~ o ~~*-z,::;r·,~~~m-zrn,B
,,, -± 35 ~.@ R tA-~A
• Y A ~~' o Jed ' _1:1_ JJ~ t::l
PH/EN AM
Gioi Chi Thoi bat thtfc I()c
Ta'n hgu thuang tong vong gia Gioi Chi Thai ba't ngon 19c, 19c
di~c pha't c~p Thai vie't: "Hie'n cong chi tu cli'u nhan, quan t(;li yen Hu~, Hoai v6 than, ngo;;ti n9i khi chi Thien vi tuy~t Ta'n, ta't tu'ong hi1'u chu Chu Ta'n ttf gia, phi quan nhi thuy? Thien thtfc tri chi, nhi nhi tam tu dT vi ky ltfc, ba't di~c vu h6? Thie't nhan chi tai, vi chi d;;to, hu6ng tham thien chi cong dT vi ky ltfc h6? H;;t nghTa ky tQi, thu'cjng thuang ky gian, thu'cjng h;;t tu'ong m6ng, nan du xU' hi"
Ky mau vie't: "H;;tp di~c du chi, dT tu thuy doi?"
D6i vie't: "Vu'U nhi hi~u chi, t9i htfll th~m yen Tha xua't oan ng6n, bat thtfc ky thtfc."
TOAN THli Tl) HQC CHlJ HAN 363
Ky mau vie't: "Di~c su tri chi, nhu'cjc ?"
D6i vie't: "Ng61t, than chi van da Than tu'ong ftn, yen dt,1ng
van chi? Th~ du hi~n da"
Ky mau vi -~: "Nang nhu' thi h6? Du nhu giai ftn"
To<:ti fin nhi tu
Ta'n hfru du chi, ba't ho<;1ch, dT Mien Thu'cjng vi chi di~n, vie't:
"DT chi ng6 qua, tha tinh thi~n nhan"
(Ta truy?n: Hi cong nhi tlzljp tzlnien)
Tdc gia-tdc phllm
To truy~n Ia toe pham l!ch su hoan chTnh c6 16i ke chuy$n chi tiet day du va sinh d(>ng nhat cuo Trung Quae co dQi Ve toe gia vdthai
dQi CUO sach nay, CO nhieu y kien kh6c nhOU, nhllng thuyet dll<;iC chap nhQn bien nhat cho rang d6 Ia toe pham cuo TO Khdu Minh, m¢t su quon cuo nllac Lo thai Xuan thu sou dll<;ic nhieu ngllai bo sung them Phon lon ngllai to deu cho rang To truy~n Ia m(>t quyen su d(>c l(lp nhllng cOng c6 ngllai cho n6 Ia sach dien giai kinh Xu6n thu- m¢t b¢ su bien nien cuo nlloc lo Nien dQi ghi chep To truy~n ve cd ban tlldng ung voi kinh Xu6n thu, co hoi deu khai dau tu nom 722 trlloc
CN (dai vuo An c6ng nlloc Lo nom dau) nhllng nom cu6i cung cuo
To truy~n so voi kinh Xu6n thu tre di 28 nom tOe dung IQi a nom 453 truoc CN ve n¢i dung To truy~n ghi chep lqi kha day du va tlldng doi c6 h$ thong nhQng sv ki$n lien quon den chinh tr! kinh te, quan sv va van h6o cuo cdc nlloc thai Xu6n thu (770-476 trlloc CN) chCing
mvc nhat d!nh phon anh m(>t each trung thl,lc b¢ mc;it cuo thai dQi nay, tra toe pham l!ch su rat c6 gia tr! doi voi vi$c nghien cuu xa h¢i Trung Quae co dqi
Bai tren day Ia m¢t doqn trich sach To truy~n, thu¢c nien dqi
vuo Hi cong nom thu 24 ghi lqi doqn doi thoqi giao Gioi Chi Th6i voi ba
mE;) quyet djnh cung mE;) tCI choi l(>c vuo bo di a an cho den chet, va thai d¢ hoi cai cuo Tan Van c6ng
T(J NGO