Hồi giáo ở đông nam á

HOI GIAO O DONG NAM A N g u y § n Thi Mai Hoa Trung tdm Ddo tao, Boi dudng gidng Ly luan chinh tri - BH QG Hd Ngi vien Dong Nam A, btjfc tranh ve ton giao rat da dang; nhieu ve, bcii qua trinh phat trien cua lich sii, ci day da hoi tu d i y du cac he y thiic ttf tLfcing tijf ca phiidng Dong, phiidng Tay va Hoi giao la mot ton giao cai da dang, nhieu ve ay Trong qua trinh xam nhap va phat trien, Hoi giao da c6 mot dia vi ch^c chin nhieu na6c Dong Nam A Ngoai t\i each la mot yeu to cau cua nen van boa khu vUc, Hoi giao la mot nhOng ton giao can thiep sau vao ddi song chinh tri nh^'t, neu khong muon not day la mot ton giao c6 kha nang chi phoi, anh hucing den hoa binh, on dinh ci khu vUc SUXAM NHAP CUA DAO HOI VAO DONG NAM A Dao Hoi la mot ton giao the gi6i, nguyen goc t\l chijf Arap la Ixlam (sU phuc tung, s\i tuan lenh) Cung nhU moi ton giao the gidi khac, Dao Hoi ddi g^n lien v6i nhOng chuyen bien xa hoi vi dai va c6 kha nang truyen ba rong rai, khong chi bo hep mot cong dong dan toe hay mot bo toe, hoac khu viic Hien nay, Dao Hoi la mot ton giao c6 so ludng tin (1.162.000.000 tin do) va pham vi anh hiidng rong 16n thd hai sau Ki-to giao, c6 mat ci hdn 50 nxidc cua t^'t ca cac chau luc, trai dai mot vong cung Idn tu! Bac Phi t6i Indonesia va Philipines, vdi trung tam tinh than cl Saudi- Arabia (Medina, La meca) Con ve mat dan so', thi diem nga ve phifdng Dong: chau A c6 812 trieu ngUdi Hoi giao, chau Phi 315 trieu, chau Au 31 trieu Nam My trieu Dang chu y la mJ6c Phap c6 gan trieu tin Hoi giao My c6 khoang trieu Indonesia la nu6c dong tin Hoi giao nhat the gi6i; hdn 174 655 trieu ngUdi, Pakistan xep thijt hai v6i hdn 142 trieu, Bangladesh xep thiJt ba vdi 11 trieu Trong cac n\idc cua the gidi Hoi giao, c6 nU6c coi Hoi giao la quo'c dao va dung giao luat de cai tri dat niidc Cho den nay, cac nha nghien ciiu ve Hoi giao d Dong Nam A vin chua dUa mot ket luan thong nhat ve qua trinh du nhap cua ton giao vao khu vUc Dieu dang gay tranh cai nhieu nhat la thdi diem, hoan canh, ngUdi truyen ba Hoi giao t6i day (ngUdi Arap, An Do hay Trung Quo'c ?) Y kien dUdc da so ung ho la Hoi giao du nhap vao day thong qua cac thudng gia Arap va An Do, vao khoang the ky vn-xni Tuy la mot ton giao Idn tren the gi6i, nhifng Hoi giao den Dong Nam A tudng doi mugn, vao luc ma "lUdi gUdm tan bao ciia Hoi giao" khong thoa sijtc hoanh hanh de mci rong lanh tho va ap dat ton giao cho cac cU dan cac vung dat bi ngiidi Arap Hoi giao chiem dong nfia Hoi giao xuat hien d Dong Nam A tvxidc Dao Thien chua, nhung thuc sU CO anh hUdng sau vai the ky ThUc vay, mot nhiing muc dich bien minh cho sU banh tru6ng cua chau Au vao vung la de ngan chan Dao Hoi tren cap toan cau TCt lau, trU6c ngUdi chau Au den vung Dong Nam A, Dao Hoi da Ian rong mot each vflng chac doc theo cac dUdng buon ban dUdng thuy noi Tay An Do va Dong A Hoi giao den Malaisia, Indonesia sau qua dUdng Malaisia Ian cac dao mien Nam Philippines Lanh tho dau tien ma Hoi giao xam nhap la vung Bac Sumatd NgUdi Ache la cU dan dau tien theo dao Hoi Khi Malacca trd nen cUdng thinh, thi no trcl trung tarn truyen ba Dao Hoi Cho den the ky thxi XV, ban than vung Dong Nam A hai dao ditdc gin vdi bang mot chu6i cac quo'c gia buon ban theo Dao Hoi Tien trinh "Hoi giao hoa" luc bay gid diidc hoan t4't thong qua viec cai dao va chinh phuc cac dao, m3 rong vung giap ranh Hoi giao doc theo cac dUdng buon ban hien c6 Trong qua trinh Hoi giao du nhap, thi cac ven bien nhU: Malacca, Aleh, Pasai dong vai tro quan trong, vi chung la nhutng pho'va nhutng trung tam, ndi giao luu buon ban 16n d khu viic Do vay, dieu d l hieu la nhiing trd trung tam Hoi giao d i u tien, la ndi Hoi 656 giao xam nhap tdi triidc tien Cac thUdng nhan Ba Tu, An Do, Trung Quoc, Arap c6 mat tai khu vUc Dong Nam A kha sdm (the ky VII-VIII) va ciing tham gia vao qua trinh Hoi giao hoa Dong Nam A Nhieu khu dan cU buon ban cua ho vin ton tai cho tdi Cac khu dan cM da tixng la nhiing trung tam boat dong ton giao, truyen ba kien thutc ve the gidi Dao Hoi cho cU dan dia phUdng Dieu g6p phan tao nen mot nhiing dac trUng cua Hoi giao d khu vUc Do la sU pha tron nhiing ye'u to tin ngU5ng tien Hoi giao cl dia phUdng vdi nhiing net van hoa An Do, Ba Tu va Hoi giao chinh thong Viec Hoi giao den Dong Nam A khong c6 chien tranh ton gi^o xay ra, trtt mot vai cuoc dung dp nho Philippines la dieu khong phai nghi ngd gi nfla Mac dii Dao Hoi den Trung Can Dong va An Do bang nhiing cuoc chien tranh than thanh, nhifng no dd'n Dong Nam A b&ng dUdng hoa binh, khong phai qua nhiing nha truyen dao chuyen nghiep, ma thong qua thUdng mai va cac thUdng gia Hoi giao, nen d i dang diidc tiep nhan va cang cang cd nhiing anh hUdng sau rong ddi song chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa, dac biet d cac quoc gia hai dao O mot so tieu quo'c, vua dong thdi la giao chu, tieu quo'c bien Hoi quo'c Vi du d Philipines, tieu quo'c Hoi giao dfiu tien la Sulu (the ky X -XV), tieu quoc thijt hai ci Mindanao (the ky thii XVI) Cac boat dong kinh te sau Hoi giao truyen vao tap nap, khcii sac, nh\i d dao Malacca Cung tH day, van hoa Arap, Ba Tu: anh hiiSng den Dong Nam A So vdi An Do giao, tren mot phiXdng dien nao do, Hoi giao CO tinh dan chu hdn ban, vi khong hi go bd bc( tinh ch^'t giai c^'p nang ne, dap dng diidc khat vong cua nhan dan ve sU cong bang, binh dang cuoc song, hoan canh lich sit nhat dinh, d miJtc nha't dinh Ngoai ra, Hoi giao d Dong Nam A cd tac dung doan ket cac dan toe cuoc chien chong ngoai xam d Dong Nam A luc dia, cac cong dong Hoi giao da dUdc thiet lap cl Myanmar, Thai Lan, Viet Nam va Campuchia Tuy nhien, cac cong dong Hoi giao d khu vUc chi la nhiing cong dong dan cU thieu so, khong phat trien manh me n h u d cac nUdc Dong Nam A hai dao, bdi vi tdi day Hoi giao vap phai mot lUc can Idn la Phat giao va nen van hoa Phat giao - An Do giao da diidc du nhap va phat trien triidc 657 Chinh vi vay, Hoi giao d nhiing niidc v&n cd nhiing dac trUng ton giao va van boa rieng NHUNG THUAN LOI CIIA H I GIAO KHI o f N DONG NAM A Khoang thdi gian tii luc Hoi giao xam nhap cho den no trd ton giao thong tri d mot so niidc Dong Nam A khong phai 1^ dai, bdi vi Hoi giao den Dong Nam A vdi rit't nhieu thu^n Idi TM nhat, thdi ky Hoi giao hoa Dong Nam A triing hdp vdi thdi ky khung hoang cua cac vUdng quoc co dai nhU d Champa luc dia V^o cuoi the ky XV, quoc gia An Do- Phat giao Majapahit manh trade dang bi suy thoai va tan Cac tieu quo'c thuoc de quoc tach khdi chinh quyen trung Udng, gianh doc lap ve kinh te, chinh tri, k^o theo sU sup cua he tif tiidng - ton giao cu Luc nay, he thong ddng cap cua An Do giao da trd nen 16i thdi, khong dap ling dUdc nhu c^u phat trien cua che xa hoi vdi sU phat t h e n cua nen kinh te hang hoa Su khung hoang cua he tu tudng An Do giao tao sU tro'ng rong niem tin va mot 16 hong de ton giao mdi len vao, d6 la Hoi giaoton giao cua cac thUdng gia Neu nhU trUdc day, Hoi giao ddi gop phan thong nhat cac bo lac tren ban dao Arap mot de quo'c Hoi giao viing manh, thi luc Hoi giao lai trd ngon cd cua cac tieu quo'c tren quan dao Indonesia dau tranh gianh doc lap, phat trien kinh te, chinh tri va quan sU Tam gUdng tieu bieu la Hoi giao Malacca Malacca trd mot trung tam buon ban sam uat ttf mot lang danh ca ngheo khd sau gianh doc lap Sau do, Malacca khong chi la trung tam buon ban quo'c te quan trong, ma la mot trung tam truyen giao Idn nhat thdi bay gid Cac tieu quoc khac coi Malacca la tam gUdng, cho dua ve kinh t e v a tinh than cua ho Cac ti^u quoc mien duyen hai sau di vao quy dao buon ban vdi Malacca dan bi le thudc ve tinh than va cuoi cung trd nhiing quoc gia Hoi giao Cac tieu quo'c thay ro Hoi giao la mot vu chinh tri sic ben, giup tao dUng mot cong dong Hoi giao Idn de thUc hien y banh trUdng lanh tho va truyen ba van hoa cua minh Thi2 hai, qua trinh Hoi giao hoa cac vUdng quo'c hai dao phii hdp vdi qua trinh chuyen hudng kinh te cua khu vUc TiJf mot nen kinh te 658 tu cung, tu cap, cac tieu quo'c da trd ndi cung cap hang hoa quan trong, nhat la hUdng lieu cho chau Au, vay da s^n sang md ctta cho cac thUdng gia Hoi giao ngoai quo'c vao buon ban va truyen giao Trong do, nguyen t i c binh dang, tinh phdng khoang, ddn gian ll nghi cua Hoi giao von phu hdp vdi tang Idp thUdng nhan da dUdc gidi quy toe Indonesia va Malaisia tiep ddn Hdn niia, khac vdi khu vUc Trung Dong, Hoi giao den Dong Nam A bang dUdng hoa binh, thong qua cac cuoc tiep xuc ca nhan, cac cuoc hon phoi ciia thUdng nhan Hoi giao den dinh cU vdi gai cac tang Idp quy toe dia phUdng Con dudng cai giao hoa binh va tu nhien rSit phu hdp vdi tam ly cua cac cU dan dia phUdng, giup ho d i dang hoa nhap, tiep thu Hoi giao Thi2 ba, chinh tinh bao dung, mem deo va thich nghi cua Hoi giao do'i vdi cac tin ngUdng truyen tho'ng dia phUdng da khien cho Hoi giao mau chong chiem dUdc Uu the d cac nUdc Dong Nam A Trong qua trinh Hoi giao hoa, mot so' tap tuc, truyen tho'ng dia phUdng lai gop phan dac lUc day nhanh qua trinh Hoi giao hoa Vi du nhU d Indonesia, che vUdng quyen va long trung vdi nha vua tren quan dao Malay da khien cho nha vua cai dao theo Hoi giao, thi nhat loat dan chung ciing mau chong cai dao theo Thit tu, Trong Hoi giao ton tai nhiing ye'u to'cua chu nghia th^n bi da cd san truyen tho'ng van hoa cua cac cU dan viing ban dao Arap - ndi phat sinh cua Hoi giao va chung di vao Hoi giao mot each tu nhien Dac biet, Hoi giao den An Do da tiep thu them sU than bi phUdng Dong Chinh vi the, vao Dong Nam A, Hoi giao mau chong cd vi tri viing chic d ndi day va de dang xam nhap vao cac cU dan t\i lau da song anh hudng cua van hoa An Do Cac cu dan Dong Nam A ban dia de dang tiep thu Hoi giao va day ciing la xijt sd hiem hoi ma Hoi giao khong phai dung bao lUc de loai trtf nhiing ton giao da dUdc thiet lap tii trUdc NgUdc lai, vdi kinh nghiem song song ton tai ciing cac ton giao khac d An Do, Hoi giao tiep tuc bien ddi, uon minh theo cac phong tuc truyen tho'ng cua dia phUdng Co the noi, chinh nhiing ye'u to' than bi Hoi giao va kha nang ket hdp vdi cac tin ngUdng dia phUdng da day nhanh qua trinh cai giao d khu vUc Dong Nam A 659 Thit nam, viec sii dung ngon ngii Malai de truyen giao ciing gop phan lam cho Hoi giao phat trien nhanh tren quan dao MalayIndonesia, sau la khu vUc Dong Nam A NgUdi Hoi giao da ehon tieng Malai ma khong chon nhiing ngon ngii khac khu vUc, bdi vi tijf thdi tien Hoi giao, tieng Malai da dUde str dung rong rai va trd ngon ngii trung gian de giao tiep, dac biet la giao lUu buon ban cua khu vUc Khi Hoi giao den, tieng Malai da dat trinh ngon ngii van hoa tinh te Tieng Malai dUde svT dung hau nhU tren k h i p cac cong dong Hoi giao cho tdi tan Campuchia va Viet Nam TINH HINH HOI GIAO DONG NAM A HlfiN NAY Hien nay, Dong Nam A la mot nhiing khu vUc chinh cua Hoi giao vdi hdn 3/5 dan so' la tin Hoi giao, tiic la khoang g^n 200 trieu ngUdi Hoi giao la quo'c giao d Brunei, la ton giao chinh d Malaisia va Indonesia, la ton giao cua cac nhdm thieu so' Idn d Philippines, Singgapore, Thai Lan va cd mat d Myanmar, Thai Lan, Campuchia, Viet Nam Hoi giao la mot lUc lUdng chinh tri, xa hoi Idn d Dong Nam A Co the noi Dong Nam A la ndi tap trung Dao Hoi Idn nhat cua the gidi, ngoai vanh dai Hoi giao truyd'n tho'ng trai tii Tay Bie chau Phi den phia Nam Tuy Hoi giao d Dong Nam A n i m ngoai pham vi cua trung tam Hoi giao la Trung Dong, nhung sU gan bd ve tam ly, tinh th^n lai rat sau sic va manh me, khong khac biet nhieu so vdi Hoi giao chinh thong d nhiing ndi khac Dao Hoi d cac nude Dong Nam A khac ve nhieu mat: ngon ngii, chung toe, dac biet la van de dan toe Bdi ban than Dong Nam A la ndi khong thuan nhat Hoi giao ddi tai Arap vao dau the ky VII, cd giao luat vao loai k b i t khe nhat so'cac giao luat ton giao Diem dang chu y cua Hoi giao la tuan theo nguyen tac nam tru cot: - Dong gop cho Dao Hoi 10% thu nhap cua minh - Khong an thit Idn dudi bat ky hinh thiic nao - Trong ddi it nhat mot lan hanh hUdng den dia Mecca - NgUdi dan ong Hoi giao cd the lay bon vd, nhUng phai ton nguyen tic: Khi lay vd sau phai dUdc ngUdi vd trUdc dong y va cua 660 cai tien bac ngUdi chong kiem dUdc phai phan phat cong b i n g cho tat ca cac ngUdi vd, khong thien vi bat cii - N(i gidi phai doi khan khdi nha de che toe vi theo quan niem Hoi giao, tdc sexy nhat, chi ngudi chong mdi dUdc chiem ngUdng Giao luat tren day vao Dong Nam A bi thay doi chut it cho phii hdp vdi van hoa ban dia Vao Dong Nam A, Hoi giao khong cuong tin, bdi vi phai qua "may loc" diy tinh nheip the cua An Do - ndi Hoi giao nhap cU trUdc du nhap vao Dong Nam A va chiu anh hudng tinh nhan ban cua van hoa ban dia Mac du giao luat nghiem khic, nhUng tren thue te, Hoi giao khong phai hoan toan cUc doan, nghla la b i t cac tin cua minh tuf bd hoan toan cuoc song hien tai, coi cuoc so'ng hien tai chi la tam bd, chi dat niem tin vao ki§'p sau, vao the gidi ben Tinh hinh cu the cua Hoi giao d mot so' nUdc Dong Nam A nhu sau: (J Indonesia, 90% dan so cua dat nUdc 180 trieu dan theo Hoi giao Indonexia khong chi la mot dat nUdc cd dan so' theo Hoi giao Idn nha't khu vUc Dong Nam A ma tren the gidi Trong Dao Hoi cua Indonesia, ngoai sU da dang vi khu vUc, ngon ngii va ehiing tpc, ciing bi chia nhieu trUdng phai nhU Hoi giao Abangan, Hoi giao Santri Ngay trUdng phai Santri chia trUdng phai cai each, truyen thong, than bi Cong dong Hoi giao bi phan chia theo each giao due nhU ngudi theo he tho'ng giao due the tuc hoac ton giao, NgUdi Hoi giao d Indonesia chia nhdm ngUdi c6 quyen lUc va nhdm dai dien cho qu^n chung Dai bo phan ngUdi theo Dao Hoi song d nong thon va la nong dan Tang Idp theo Dao Hoi song d pho' chu ye'u la tieu thUdng va dan lao dong O Malaisia, ngUdi theo Dao Hoi chiem hdn 55% dan so Tuy khong phai toan bo nhiing ngUdi theo Dao Hoi la ngUdi goc Malaisia, nhung da la ngUdi goc Malaisia phai la ngUdi theo Hoi giao Singgapore la mot nUdc cd khoang 2,5 trieu dan, nhUng la mot nude da chung toe, da ngon ngii va da ton giao 77% dan so la ngUdi Hoa, ngUdi Ma Lai chiem 15%, ngudi An 6% Gio'ng nhU d cac nUdc 661 Dong Nam A khac, Hoi giao d Singgapore khong dong nh^'t Dai bo ph^n ngUdi theo Hoi giao la ngUdi Malaisia So ngUdi Hoa theo Hoi giao la rat nhd Cong dong Hoi giao Malaisia ndi chung ye'u vi kinh te va xa hoi so vdi ngUdi theo Dao Hoi khong phai goc Malaisia, th^m chi tha'p hdn ca ve hoc van Hoi giao d Philippines cd lich sil lau ddi Hoi giao b i t d^u tien vac cac dao d mien Nam Philippines vao cuoi the ky XIV Vao nhiing nam 80 cua the ky nay, tren cac dao Tavitavi, Simunul b i t dau xu§'t hi^n nhiing cong dong Hoi giao dau tien B i t dau tii thdi thUc dan nUdc ngoai xam chiem di't nUdc, nhiing ngUdi Hoi giao d mien Nam Philippines da cho'ng lai sU xam chiem thuoc dia cua Tay Ban Nha Tuy nhien, cuoc xam lUdc at cua Tay Ban Nha da lam giam va loai bd hau nhu hoan toan cac tieu quo'c Hoi giao d day va d i y liii qua trinh banh trUdng cua Hoi giao d mien Bie Philippines Do vay, nay, anh hudng cua Hoi giao chu ye'u d dia diem ban d i u , no mdi dS'n la Mendanao va Sulu Con khu vUc Hoi giao phia Nam, mai den d i u the ky XX thi mdi b i t dau hoa nhap chung vao dat nUdc mot each cd h§ tho'ng va vi mat hanh chinh NgUdi theo Dao Hoi d Philippines dUdc goi la ngUdi Moros So'ngUdi Moros ed khoang 4,5 trieu, tiic la khoang 9% dan so Dai bo phan ho lam nghe danh ea, nghe nong Mot so nhd lam la cong chute nha nUdc hoac giao vien, quan nhan hoac nganh tU phap, Tinh hinh Hoi giao d Brunei khac b i n vdi cac nUdc Dong Nam A khac Brunei cd khoang 250.000 ngudi, ma phan Idn theo Dao Hoi Dao Hoi la quo'c dao cua Brunei Cong dong Hoi giao d day ciing dUde hinh qua trinh chung cua cac nUdc hai dao Indonesia va Malaisia Do'i vdi Thdi Lan, Hoi giao la ton giao diing thti hai sau Ph§t giao ve so ngUdi theo dao Hoi giao d Thai Lan chiem khoang 4% dan so'cua da't nude 50 trieu dan Ve phUdng dien dan toe hoc, ed the chia cac tin doi Hoi giao Thai Lan nhdm ngudi Malai Hoi giao va ngUdi Hoi giao khong phai Ma Lai NgUdi Hoi giao Malai chiem khoang 70-80% tong so' cac tin Hoi giao ca nUdc Hien nay, da trd cong 662 dan cua Thai Lan, cac tin Hoi giao Malai vIn giii gin ban sic van hoa Malai va g i n bd chat che vdi the gidi Malai ve nhieu phUdng dien, dac biet la ve ngon ngii, van hoa, kinh te- xa hoi Con nhiing ngUdi Hoi giao phi Malai gom eo cac tin an Do, Pakistan, Iran, Trung Quoc, Indonesia Dieu dang luu y la nhT][ng ngUdi Hoi giao phi Malai chinh thvLc dUdc xem la ngUdi Thai Hoi giao, bdi vi ho ndi tieng Thai, hoa nhap vdi khung canh van hoa Thai Hoi giao d Thai Lan rai rac tren toan quoc Tuy vay, ciing cd ndi dong nh^'t la d cac tinh d cUc nam cua Thai Lan (ndi ma ngUdi Malai chiem da so) Hoi giao b i t dau xam nhap vao Myanmar khoang the ky thii XIIIXIV va ed nguon go'e tit Benlgan Benlgan da theo Hoi giao vao khoang dau the ky thii XIII va la gidi ban can Dong cua dUdng banh trUdng theo dUdng bo eua Hoi giao Vao the ky XVI, p h i n Idn cU dan cua Bac Myanmar da theo Hoi giao, viing trung tam vIn theo Phat giao Sau do, vao thdi ky thuoc dia cua Anh, hang loat cac cU dan Hoi giao An Do di cU tdi day, khien cong dong Hoi giao d day manh len ca ve so lUdng va bien ddi ve noi dung ton giao Hien nay, ngoai nhiing khu vUc da ke tren, thi d mot so'thanh pho'Idn thuoc mien Trung va Nam Myanmar, vung bien gidi Thai Lan-Myanmar, Hoi giao ciing r^'t phat trien U Viet Nam, theo tho'ng ke gan day nhat thi hien c6 khoang tren, dUdi 70.000 tin Hoi giao, 257 chiic sic va 70 dUdng Viet Nam cd ba cong dong Hoi giao chinh: cong dong Hoi giao ngUdi Cham, cong dong Hoi giao ngUdi Malaisia, cong dong Hoi giao ngUdi an Do Nhiing cong dong Hoi giao tap trung chu yeu d mien Trung va Nam Bo NgUdi Malai d Viet Nam di cU sang tiX cuoi the ky XIX, ehi bang 8% ngUdi Cham va hien ciing khong tang them la may Cong dong Hoi giao dUdc hinh tijf trUdc nam 1882, bdi dai bo phan tin la ngUdi lao dong ngheo tii Malaisia di theo chu tU ban ngUdi AnhPhap den cac vung Sai Gon, Chd Ldn, Chau Do'e, Tay Ninh de sinh so'ng b i n g cac nghe khac Do'i vdi cac giao luat va cac dieu khae lien quan den Dao Hoi, ho chi hoan toan lap lai nhiing dieu ho nhd dUde tijf nhuCng ngUdi anh em cua ho d ban dao Malacca, ma ho van c6 663 mdi hen he thUdng xuyen NgUdi Malaisia Hoi giao d Viet Nam thuoc phai Hoi giao "Shiites", ndi chung cd n i m dUdc nhiing giao lu^t cua dao Hoi, doc dUde kinh Koran va cac Idi binh giang NgUdi nao thd cung mot ngiu tUdng la se bi true xuat khdi cong dong Mot vki ngUdi cd di hanh hUdng d Meca, hoac ho gop tien de mot ngUdi di thay Cong dong Hoi giao ngUdi An Do chu ye'u tap trung d Ho Chi Minh Day nguyen la nhdm an kieu di nh^p vao day khoang tii nam 1880-1900 gom cac nha kinh doanh ma chu yeu la kinh doanh vai sdi Van de Hoi giao do'i vdi dan tgc Cham la mot van de lich sxi- van hoa ly thu va c6 y nghia doi vdi ddi song ngUdi Cham - mot bo phan (khoang 1%) cua cong dong dan toe Viet Nam NgUdi Cham tap trung chu ye'u d hai vung: Trung Bo va Nam Bo Nhiing ngUdi Cham theo Hoi giao d Trung Bo deu la nhiing ngUdi "Hoi sdm", tiic la den sdm ma khong sau, can ban v i n la Cham, lUu giii, pha tron nhieu tap tuc tin ngUdng Hin- du vdi cam ki Hoi giao Ho khong theo day du, khong dung quy t i e va 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