Thêm một ngữ liệu chứng minh cho đặc điểm trọng mẹ của văn hóa việt nam

^ THEM MOT NGU LIEU CHUNG MINH CHO DAC DIEM "TRONG ME" CUA VAN HOA VIET NAM T h S N g u y e n T h i T h u HtfoTng Eg mon Ngdn ngit vd Van hod Viet Tri/dng DHNN, DHQGHN Nam, DAT VAN Bt Gan lien v6i cuoc song nong nghiep va nguyen ly am dUdng, van hoa Viet Nam dUdc khSng dinh c6 khuynh ha6ng de cao phu nut Hang loat cac Na than va cac Mau difdc thd cung ddi song tin ngifdng, hang loat cac hinh tUdng nii difdc xay dUng van hoc dan gian khien nha nghien cijfu Ngo Diic Thinh khai quat tin ngUdng cua Viet Nam la "Dao Mau", mot thii ton giao dan toe dac biet Giao sif Tran Quoc Vudng ciing goi la nen van hoa c6 "nguyen ly Me" Hay TS Le Tuyet Hanh cho la "thien tinh nii" van hoa Viet Nam Tam ddc v6i dac trUng "trong Me", "trong Nii" cua van hoa Vi§t Nam, dUa tren cd sb "y nghia cua tii ditdc xac dinh va dieu chinh ve mat van hoa" bai viet dat van de phan tich mot ydu to' ngon ngfl nho - tijf "cai" tieng Viet de them mot luan c\i chiing minh cho luan diem tren GIAI QUYfiT VAN D £ Theo txi dien cua Vien ngon nguf hoc 2003, tix "cai" c6 tdi 13 nghia khac Bo qua cac hien tUdng dong am hay da bien hoa qua xa ve nghia, bai viet chi chu y den nhflng nghia c6 hen he hoac la CO the xac \kp dUdc mo'i quan he vdi nghia goc, nghia ban dau cua t\i "cai" la "me" va phan tich nh^m neu bat dac diem van hoa " Me" ma tii chuyen tai 420 "Cai quoc tuc xifng phu viet bo', xufng m a u viet cai"- t h e o quoc tuc xvfa thi gpi cha bang bo, ggi me bang cai (Dan theo GS N g u y e n Tai Can) Tuy tiif "cai" rat quen thuoc, c6 phan binh di, suong sa c6 tan so' xuat hien kha cao ddi song giao tiep, sxi dung ngon ngii hang ngay, nhUng ngUdi Viet Nam hau nhu khong tri nhan nghia dau tien, nghia "me" cua tii "cai" nu£a Co chang chi lai doi chut cac cau ca dao noi ve than phan tao tan, lam \u cua ngudi phu nH Viet Nam: "Ndng vinuoi cdi ciing con", "Cdi cd md di dn dem", "Cai CO Ian Igi bd song" ma ba hat ru chau, hay cau ng\i "Con dai cdi mang" Th^m chi tu! "cai" mat han nghia cua minh trcf mot to'cau tao tii ghep "con cdi" vcti y nghia la "cac (do bo me sinh ra)" noi chung, ca tii ghep dUdc tach dung v6i sac thai bieu cam "con vdi cha cai" Tuy nhien da c6 mot thdi tieng Viet co, tii ma cung dung de goi ngiicJi phu n\t sinh minh mot each than thuoc ma binh di da dUdc dung d§ dat ten cho hau het cac song 16n, cac diem quan tu quan cua dan cu Lac Viet - song Cdi, nghia Id song Me Hay tu:6c hieu de suy ton vi anh hiing dan toe Phiing HUng, tii "cai" - Me dUdc dat trang trong vi the cao ngang bang v6i "Bo*'- Cha: Bo'cdi Bai Vi/cfng - Vua Idn cha me Va tif de chi dat nvfdc cua minh, ngUdi dan Viet ciing dung to hdp tii "cdi qudc"(cai quoc tuc xUng ) nxidc Me, chii khong phai "phu quoc"- nif6c Cha Dieu chi c6 the giai thich b^ng tam thiic "trong me", truyen thong "trong nQ" cua van hoa Viet Nam, mot nen van hoa ma tif khc(i nguyen ngiicJi phu nfl luon c6 dUdc mot vi* the xa hoi binh dang binh quyen v6i ngUcJi dan ong dii cong viec gia dinh hay xa hoi, tham chi CO luc vUdt ca ngiJdi dan ong: "Lenh ong khong bang cong bd", "Cha sinh khong tdy me dudng" 421 Tii "cai" c o n dvidc d u n g ket htfp vdi t^n r i e n g cua ngifcfl thuoc gidi nuf: cdi Hong cdi Lan Thong thii^ng diidc dung lam ngoi ba so it giao tiep t h a n mat, s u o n g sa: ^^Bdo cdi Hong ggi dien cho t&\„ Dac biet difdc d u n g nhii ngoi thijf h a i : " c d i Lan Iqi day me bad*''., Cach goi kem ap dung cho nii noi chung khong phan biet tuoi tac Tu: cac em be gai hai tuoi den cac thieu, nii va ca nhiing phu nii da b liia tuoi lam me, lam ba Tuy nhien ap dung each goi phai la nhiing ngUdi hoac la dong nien dong Ilia, hoac la ngUdi tren chi hoac goi ngUdi dudi va phai c6 mo'i quan he than m$t v6i Goi mot ngUdi thuoc gidi nii la "cai" kem ten nh^m chi kha nang va thien chiic lam me trdi ban Sii chu den kha nang lam me, kha nang trUc ti^'p sinh san de tri noi gio'ng, kha nang nuoi dUdng va giao due cac the he sau dUdc khai quat lai each diing tiJf "cai" chinh la mot diem the hien tinh "trong me" van hoa Viet Nam Dac biet hc^n ca la mot net nghia phai s i n h tii n g h i a goc me cua tii "cai" ma c6 le k h o n g mot n g o n ngvi cua d a n toe nao tren the giofi co ditdc, du la c u n g c h u n g m o t n e n v a n hoa phifdng D o n g - v a n hoa nong nghiep, hay ke ca nhufng nen van hoa gan gui hdn nufa khu vtfc D o n g N a m A cung von de cao vai tro cua Me, cua Ba Net n g h i a la: Idn, chinh, chu, quan trgng., 3.1 Tii "cdi" diing sau cdc danh tii vdi vai tro nhU mot tinh ti£: Song cai = song 16n >< song Dudng cai = dUdng 16n, diidng chinh >< dUdng nho, dUdng Nha cai - vai chu dam bac >< bac Thd cai = thd chinh >< thd phu May cai = may chinh, may chu>< may con, may nho Trong cai = tro'ng to nhat >< Diia cai = dua to >< diia an (nho) Ngon cai = ngon to nhat >< cac ngon khac (nho hdn) R i cai = r l chinh, r i to n h a ' t x r i 422 3.2 Tit "cdi" di/cfc diing de chi phan ddc cdc mon thi2c an CO nUdc: dn cd cdi lan nitdc Cach goi ch^c c h t a c6 lien quan tdi net nghia chinh, quan NgUdi Viet Nam vdi truyen thong nong nghiep lua nudc thUdng che bien an b^ng each luoc hay pha che tong hdp canh Phan dac, phaft cai mon luoc hoac mon canh doi vdi ngiicii Viet phai la phan chinh, phan quan hdn ca, bcii: khon dn cdi, dai dn nUdc 3.3 Tit "cdi" cdi giam, cdi me mang net nghia phdt sinh da rat xa so vdi net nghia thii ba nay, nhien khong phai la khong the nhan "Cai" d day la vat lieu de tao s\i len men qua trinh san xuat mot chat lieu nao Dem so sanh thi ciing khong khac may gio'ng qua trinh sinh san cua dong vat Dong thdi no lai la chat chinh, chat quan nhat, b3i khong co no thi khong the tao qua trinh hinh chat mdi Bien luan nhU vay thi "cai " d day chinh la "chat chinh", "chat chit" va la mot net nghia phai sinh tiep tit net nghia thxi Khong tim them, khong tao mdi mot tin hieu ngon ngut nao nuta de chuyen tai cac y nghia Idn, chinh, chu, quan trgng ma ngUdi Viet co stt dung tii "cai" = me Lai them mot minh chting niia cho thay tam thCfc cua ngUdi Viet Nam, "Me" la ngUdi gan giii nhat va than thuoc nhat, ngifdi dem cho chung ta cuoc song va tinh yeu thudng mot each binh di nhat ciing dong nghia vdi nhOng gi to Idn nh^'t va quan nhat "Me" khong chi la cua mot hay mot vai ca nhan ddn le ma da trci bieu tUdng "NgUdi Me" tam thiic va van hoa cua ngiicii Viet Nam KfiT THUG VAN Y)t Den mot giai doan phat t h e n nhat dinh nao do, tijf khong chi la tin hieu ngon ngii dUdc tao vdi hai mat am va y nghia CO quan he v6 doan vdi Van hoa da tich cUc tham gia vao cd che tao tii, cd che tao cac nghia mdi cua tii va chi phoi cac hoan canh sxi dung tii noi chung Tii "cai" tieng Viet dung la mot tii nhU vay Cac each diing, cac net nghia diidc phai sinh, dUdc tao mdi cua tii 423 nhu da de cap d^'n tren hau het chiu sU qui dinh cua dac diem "trong me", "trong nut" cua van hoa Viet Nam Phan tich tii "cai - me" va cac each diing, cac net nghia co lien quan p h i n nao cho thay dac diem thti vi cua ban s^c van hoa Viet Nam, dong thdi cho sU tri nh^n tii nhu mot chting tich lich sii - van hoa TAI LifiU THAM KHAO Nguyin Tai Can, Mot so chiJtng tich vi ngon ngiJt, van tU, van hod, NXB DHQGHN 2001 Tran Ngoc Them, Tim vi ban sac van hod Viet Nam, NXB TP HCM 1996 Robert Lado- Hoang Van Van dich, Ngon ngit hgc qua cdc nen van hod, NXB DHQGHN Tit dien tieng Viet, Vien Ngon ngii hoc, 2003 424 ... co stt dung tii "cai" = me Lai them mot minh chting niia cho thay tam thCfc cua ngUdi Viet Nam, "Me" la ngUdi gan giii nhat va than thuoc nhat, ngifdi dem cho chung ta cuoc song va tinh yeu thudng... nut" cua van hoa Viet Nam Phan tich tii "cai - me" va cac each diing, cac net nghia co lien quan p h i n nao cho thay dac diem thti vi cua ban s^c van hoa Viet Nam, dong thdi cho sU tri nh^n tii... mat, s u o n g sa: ^^Bdo cdi Hong ggi dien cho t&„ Dac biet difdc d u n g nhii ngoi thijf h a i : " c d i Lan Iqi day me bad*''., Cach goi kem ap dung cho nii noi chung khong phan biet tuoi tac