Bl/dC DAU GIANG DAY GIAO TRJNH "CO s d V A N H O A VIET NAM"^ CHO SINH VIEN HIEN NAY U Thi Tuyet Hgnh Bg mon Ngdn ngfr va Van hoa Vict Nam Truimg DHNN - DHQG Ha Ngi I Phan md dau Xuit phit tir nban Ihirc vd vai Ird eiia van boa d nude ta nbiing nam gin day dirge ning len dung vdi gii trj dfch thuc ciia no, dap img nhu cau cip bich viee giio due cho nien hgc sinh vd gia trj eiia van hoi dan toe va di san van hoi Viet Nam, ning cao long tir bio din tdc va y tbii'c bao ve van hoi, giio trinh eo sd van hoi Viet Nirni - NXBGD-1997 giio su Trin Qude Vugng ehii bien ciing nhdm bien soan gdm eac tie gia thude bg mdn Van boa - Dai hgc Qude gia Ha Ngi - ddi nhim phue vu ddi hoi trude mat vd mot giio trinh dai hgc ehi'nb quy cho viee hgc tap ciia sinh vien, hgc sinh Song eung chinb vi la sir dap img nhu cau tmdc mil, nhim phue vu tufe Ihdi va kjp thdi nhiem vu hgc tap va giang day bg mdn bien nay, va eung la lin diu lien bien soan, giio trinh khdng trinh khdi nhung dieu khiem khuyei va bit eiip Viee thilm nhap va Ihfeb img giio trinh tinh hinh bien vao vice giang day cho sinh vien d ttmg tnrimg eii thd la mdt nhiem vu dat cho cie giio vien giiing day bg mdn van boa d eac trudng dai hge, cao dang, ddi hoi sir gia cdng, sang tao, nang dgng vii tfch cue ciia nhfmg ngirdi vira him edng tie giang day true tidp, vira phai eo trinh nghien cim chuycn sau II Phan ngi dung PliKong phdp I 1.1 Hudng diin sinh vien tidp can giio trinh va tai lieu tham khao Diy la mdt giao trinh eo tfnh chat dai eutmg va chua that sir mang tfnb giio kboa vdi he thdng kidn thu'c ehuin mire xac dinh Do tap hi.tp, chinh ly tir nhieu bai viei eiia cie tie gia kie nhau, vd timg van dd eii the khiie nhau, nen giio trinh eung chua ed mdt phong each nbat quin chung d phin khai niem chung, lai chua cd nhfmg djnh nghia khai niem chinb xac ma thirdng dimg lai d sir ddi sinh giira eac y kicn khac (VD: khiii niem van boa ''', hoilc direic neu chen lin sir bien minh, giai thfch (khai niem dan xen van boa "', dan xcn cirdng hire va tir nguyen)**' tham ehf ed khai niem dugc dua de miie nhung khdng cd neii dung eu the eiia giio trinh (khai niem van boa hex'"'') Mat khac, nhfmg van dd ed tfnb chit eii thd (khdng gian, thdi gian van boa Viet Nam"") lai dugc vidt Iheo phong each nghe thuat, veiri rit nhidu nhung tir ngfr giiu hinh iinh eu the nhung thieu sir chinb xie, kbe:>a htie nhu "duimg nhu", "cam thiy", "ed cam giae", "phai chang", "cd the", "hay la", ddng theti cfing rit tbidu su qua quydt, xie tfn, tfnh khing djnh eiia nhfmg kidn tbire giio kboa Vi vay, nhfmg kidn thire chi dugc eoi nhu nhfmg Ihiun khiio, ge;i y, mdt phuong an gia thidt cho sir tim Idi ciia ngirdi dgc ma chua phai la phuong an nbat; each cat nghia, djnh hudng chuan muc deli vdi hge sinh, sinh vien nhu nhfmg giio trinh khiic Dd eung chinh la ehd can Ihiet phai cd sir tham gia vdi tu each "may Igc" eiia ngudi giang day, la khoang mil ngiriri buc'tng dan sinh vien phai lap diy, eld giiip hgc sinh ed thd phit buy vai trd chii thd tidp nhiln ciia minh 140 Dd hudng din sinh vien tham nhiip giao Irtnh, giao vien khdng chi yeu cau sinh vien dgc tnrde, ma edn phai dinh hin'mg cho bg bing he thdng can hoi phit van cii thd hudng vao nhung vin dd then ehd't ciia bid giang Ddng theti ban than giao vien phiii ed sir ehuin bi tdng ket giao trtnh tren eo sd udn nin lai nhfmg nban tbire chii quan, tan man cua sinh vien, dua nhfmg khii niem chfnh xac ed tfnb qui dinh cho hgc sinh, giiip hg cd mdt chuan mire chung vd kidn thiJc ly thuydt Mat khac liii phai ehuin bj nhung vf du sinh ddng, eu thd thuc td cudc sdng hoac eac tai lieu ed lien quan dd dem gian boa nhung vin dd ly thuydt khd khan, trim tirgng, giiip hge sinh dd hidu, dd tidp thu He thdng ciu bed phit vin thd bien trinh nban thire, tu khai quit, tdng hgp va nang lue sing tao, nbay ben ciia giao vien trude giao trinh mdt each rd rang nbit va eung la phuong tien giio vien thuc bien bai giang mdt each cd hieu qua nbit 2.1 Hudng din hgc sinh, sinh vien thiio luiin: Phit buy vai lid chii Ihd ciia sinh vien hgc sinh khdng thd khdng thdng qua viee giip cho hg ed didu kien bde Id chfnh kidn, nban tbire eiia minh Dd la lac td giiip cho hg ed nidm say me, himg thii nhan tbire, sir lam giau tri thu'c eiia minh Dd eung la eo sd dd giio vien phit bien, udn niin kjp thdi nhfmg nban thire sai lac; bidu ducmg, khuydn khicb, ciing cd them nhirng nban tbire dung din, nhung phit bien tinh td va sing tao eiia hge sinh Va dd ciing la ngudn tu lieu sdng khdng voi am giiip giio vien lam giau them kidn thire ciia chinh minh Di hudng din viee thao luan cua sinh vien cd hieu qua, giao vien cin ehuin bj td't bai khiu: neu trude he thdng cau hoi phai van ed djnh hudng ciia minh va he thdng kidn thu'c ehuin dd tmng boa, tdng ket eac y kidn tan man eiia hgc sinh Phai ed each din ehuong trinh, knb boat, ly thii, ddng vien te'ii da su tham gia ciia tat cii eac sinh vien - ca vd so lugng lin chit I; lugng - vao viee tidp nban van dd bai giang Phuong phap cu the g i n viri eac chuimg muc ngi dung ciia giao trinh 2.1 Giang day chifoiig "NliUng khdi idem cohdn" Giao trtnh khdng dua mot dinh nghTa chfnh xie, cd trtnh giao kboa nen ehfnb giao vien phai phin tich su gidng va khac giira cie djnh nghTa dugc din va hudng cho hgc sinh di ddn mdt cicb hidu chung, mdt djnh nghTa thei'ng nbit Ngay ca djnh nghTa theo UNESCO eung chi la mdt chi din, mdt hire5ng tham khiio Giao vien can nit tu tirdng chinh, cot Idi dd dung nen mdt ndi dung djnh nghia gian di, id rimg, sang siia cd tfnh chit kim chi n;un cho sinh vien sir dung nhit quin ca qua trtnh hgc tap bg mdn, soi sang cho eac ngi dung khac ehuong trtnh hgc Neu tir khai niem sd ingi niiy dii ed sir nhap nhing, lin Idn thi sinh vien tidp tuc mil md, lin Idn ddi veti tat ca eac van dd khac vii khdng Ihd the)at khdi sir rie rdi, u minh dd dd chidm ITnh kidn thire mgl each tu tinh, diing elan; khdng sai lac Oing phai xuit phit tir khii niem eo ban then ehd't dd giai thfch va phan tfch cie khai niem khac ehuong trtnh, chi mdi quan he mat thidt va ly ton tai eiia ehiing Ndu khdng, hge sinh se khdng hidu lai nhfmg khai niem ca ban ciia van hoi hge lai ndi ddn vin dd mdi trudng tu nhien va mdi titrimg xa hdi, tidp xiic vii giao luu van boa va khdng cd dugc mdt cii nhin he thc'mg ddi vdi giao trtnh cQng nhu kidn tbii'c vd mdn hge COng cin phai liim rd sir khac bict gifra bai thuat ngfr "tidp xiie" va "giao km" va giao trtnh chi dung chir khdng phiin bict, dinh nghia 141 2.2 Chuang "Cac thdnh to ciia van hod" Su trtnh bay ciia giio trinh eon tbidu mach lac, tach bach giCra khai niem eo sd va ndi dung eu thd Do dd, sinh vien se thudng iSm lin hinh thai - md hinh van hoi, thidt ehd van hoi cQng thude "cie to van boa" ddng thdi lai ngd ngang khdng bidt tai no khdng dugc trtnh bay eu thd van hoa Viet Nam Thuc dd chfnh la cie khai niem eo sd dd tim hidu cie td van boa Vi vay, cd the cd hai phiremg an dd lam rd van de - Hoac day eac khai niem Ifin ehuemg I: Cie khai niem eo ban - Hoac chia cau tnic ehuong trinh phin: "Khai niem eo sd" va "Cie td cua van hoi Viet Nam" bdi thuc chit day chi la so luge vd eac td ciia mdt ndn van hoi eu thd: van hoi din tdc Viet Nam chir khdng phai la "Cac td van hoi" ndi chung Didu se giiip cho giio trinh trd nen hgp ly, nbit quan, dam bam tfnh he thdng, kboa hge hon tuong quan vdi cie ehuong sau: "Didn trinh lich sir ciia van hoi Viet Nam" va "Khdng gian van boa Viet Nam" 2.3 Chuang "Dien trinh lich sifciia van hod Viet Nam" Do tfnh chit bien Ihien ciia lich sir eung nhu biin ihan di;ie trimg van boa cua timg giai doan, nen sir trtnh bay eu thd ciia cac phan ky van hoa cd thd khac Song cau tnic cua timg phin phai duge xie djnh theo eac ticu chf gic'mg dd dam bao tfnh he thdng Didu chua dugc thuc bien mot each nghiem ngfit giao trinh Vi vay, qua trtnh truydn dat, giao vien phai tu chinh ly, sip xep lai va trinlj biiy cho hgc sinh cd thd tidp nban dugc tinh than kboa hge eiia tn thUiC d muc I: van boa Viet Nam thdi tidn sir va eo sir, tfnh sir chua rd rimg, nen khd tich bach giira phin: bdi canh lich sir vii dac trimg van hoi, cho nSn cd thd trinh bay chung nhu each giio trinh da lam Song ci'in nhan manh va lam rd dac tnmg eiia van boa diin tdc d hai giai doan tidn sir va so sir, dac hiel hi nhfmg Ihimh tiai phit Iridn vuoi bac, phong phii, da dang ciia ba bg phan van hoii ihdi sa sir so vdi lien sir, nhiii lii van hoa Ddng Scm vii vai trd ciia ndn van hoa viee hinh thiinh co tang van hoa Viet Nam ve'ti ban sac rieng ciia nd: van hoi ndng nghiep liia nude Do vay, diie trimg van hoa Hoii Binh Ihdi sa sir ed mot y nghTa dac biet Mdt chi tidt nhd vd viee tim va thuan duCmg cay liia d day eung cin cd su td dam va "quay ehim" lai trude sinh vien dd eac em thiy dugc y nghTa Muc in - van hoi Viet Nam Ihdi tir chii, la mot giai doan van boa phit tridn nre rd cua nude nha, nen dac trimg van boa cd nhidu ngi dung phong phii, da dang Vi the, cac tie giii da sir dung nhung khai niem thidt ehd van hoa viio viee xac djnh dac trimg van hoa giai doan Song d ehd nay, lai tbidu sir lien ket gifra phan: a) Van boa vat chat, b) He tu tui'mg - Bdi he tu tudng chi la mdt bd phan ciia ihiel chc van hoa tinh Ihiin O day can vai lid ciia giao vien irong vice ly giiii sir khac biel, thien lech ciu tnic ciia timg giai doan van hoa niiy dd giiip hoc sinh cd the tidp thu kidn thire mdt cicb be thdng, trinh sir boang mang, khdng phi'm biet dugc diing, sai 2.4 Chuang "Khdng gian van hod Viet Nam" Giio vien can phat buy nang lire tdng hgp, khai quit dd nit nhirng luan didm chfnh, cd vai trd tremg viee khic hoa diic Irimg rieng ciia mdi viing van boa di djnh hire'mg cho hgc sinh tidp nhin, trinh sir sa da, nhidu loan tnmg nhimg mien lii eu thd vii viin vat 142 Qing can km y ddn mdi quan he gifra diic didm lir nhien - xa bdi ve'ti dac tnmg van boa d mdi vung nhu mdt can eir dd khiic sau nhfmg dac tnmg rieng biet, diic sic ciia nd Chang ban: Dac didm tu nhien vi'ji etja hinh niii cao hidm \rb, sdng ngdi nhidu thae ghdnh, dfr ddi kbf hau nghieng vd tfnh chat on eldi vai dac tnmg van hoa an - mac - d va van boa cdng chicng ciia van hoa Tiy Bde Dae didm xa hdi ciia Nam bg (khai phi mugn, tidp xiic - giao km s(5m) lai cd nhung anb hvtbng quydt djnh hon den dac Inmg van boa ciia viing van boa niiy: sir da dang ciia eu din, td'e giao luu van hoi manh, tfnb hdn dung Idn giao, sir phat iridn ciia thuimg nghiep v.v III Phan ket luan Xuit phat tir thuc lien giiing day, van dung giao trinh "Co sd van hoa Vict Nam" eiia DHQG tfnh cap nbat ciia nd, chiing Idi nil mdt viii kinh nghiem birdc diiu viee thim nhap va truydn dat giao trinh chfnh quy eu thd niiy sinh vien Nhfmg kinh nghiem mdi chi la nbiing ed ging cii thd, lir gde ca nhan, cd Ihd chua phai la each lam chung cho nliidu ngudi, song ciing xin manh dan trinh biiy, metng diretc sir chia se phin nao d cac ddng nghiep va giiip feh cho ehfnb minh qua trinh giiing day Vdi dac thii rieng ciia bg mdn giao trinh Irong thuc id bien nay, Iheo Ihien y ciia chimg tdi, cd hai didu dac biel quan Irgng ddi vdi ngireti giao vien sir dung giao irinb nay: Phat buy vai Ird chii Ihd hgc sinh biing vice huemg dan cd dinh bue'mg cho hge sinh dgc va thao luan bai giang, tiep ci^in giao irtnh Cd phuemg phai) ^y 'he, chinb ly lai can tnic kidn thire d timg ehuong eld truydn dat diing ndi dung tri thire can Ihiet, tinh giiin, giiip heie sinh di diing dfch va liep nhan dugc phuong phip he thdng, kboa hgc qua giio trinh nhu ddi hdi tit yeu vdi bit eir bg mdn kboa hgc nao; kjp thdi bd kbuydt nhirng didu bat cap ciia cud'n giao trinh mil lin diu lien eiia mdt bd mdn non tre ndn giao due Dai hgc ciia la bien Tdi lieu tham khdo S6 van hoi Viet Nam - GS Tri'in Qude Vir