Một số phương pháp dạy và học môn giao tiếp văn hóa cho sinh viên tiếng anh chính quy năm thứ 4

M O T SO PHaONG PHAP DAY VA HOC M(!)N GIAO TIEP GIAO VAN HOA CHO SINH VIEN TIENG ANH CHINH QUY N A M THQ D MAI THANH, VAN THANH BINH To Van hgc- Van Minh- Giao thoa van hod Trudng DHNN Hd Ngi Ldi gldi thieu Trong nhdng nam gdn day, nliu edu hgc ngogi ngd ndi ehung vd giao tii'p vdi ngudi nude ngodi bang tii'ng Anh ndi riing dang ngdy edng gia tang Rd't nhiiu ngudi nude ngodi, qua bdo chi, Internet, email, tii'p xdc true tii'p ed phdn ndn rang ky ndng diin dgt vd nghe hieu eua ngudi Viet Nam khdng din ndi ndo, nhung ed mot sd ngudi Viet (tuy sdehua phdi tuang ddi qud Idn) lam hg that vgng vd gdy nhiiu ed sde van hod Nhiiu hgc viin tii'ng Anh ngUdi Viet edng cho rang hinh nhu gida hg vd ngUdi ban ngd tii'ng Anh ed mot rdo chdn, ngdn khdng cho hg hieu rd rang han,vd vi vdy ede cude ndi chuyin thudng hay chd'm ddt mot edeh te nhgt, hd, ddi xen Idn su buc tde Trong nhdng trudng hgp trin, ngdng tri giao tii'p Id diiu khd trdnh khdi Nhdm ddp dng nhu edu ngdy edng nhiiu ngUdi hgc ngogi ngd vd bat kip vdi sU phdt trien cua vice gidng dgy tii'ng Anh trin thi' gidi, mdn Giao tie'p giao van hoi, dde biet gida vdn hod Viet vd cdc nude ndi tii'ng Anh, dd duge gidi thieu ehuang trinh ddo tgo sinh viin chinh quy tii'ng Anh chuyin ngdnh suphgm vd phiin dieh Tuy nhiin, bin cgnh nhdng mdn hgc tdn tgi Idu vd ed "truyen thdng" nhu Van hgc, ly thuye't tie'ng, Gilo hgc pblp v v , ddy Id bd mdn mdi duge dua vdo gidng dgy vd nhdng nghiin edu chuyin sdu ve giao tii'p giao vdn hod Viet - Anh - My ehua thue su ed nhiiu Vi vdy 388 nhung ngudi tham gia dgy mdn Giao thoa van boa dd rat ed gang di dua vd chgn Ige nhihig kie'n thdc can thii't, ca ban vdo gidi thieu cho sinh viin Cdng vdi sU nd luc vd miit mdi nghiin edu cua PGS.TS Nguyin Quang, ngUdi dd ddt nen mdng cho ly thuye't nghiin edu giao tii'p giao vdn hod Viet vd cdc nude ndi tii'ng Anh tgi trudng DHNNDHQGHN, cdc gido viin dd vd dang tim nhung phuang plidp gidng dgy mdi, phu hgp vdi diiu kiin cua sinh viin Viet Nam Trong khudn khd bdi vii't nay, cdc tde gid mong mudn ddng gdp mot phdn nhd bi nhdm gidp tgo sU da dgng vice dgy vd hgc mdn Giao thoa van hoi vd ddng thdi, ndng cao sU nlidn thdc cua ngUdi hgc ve nhdng tuang ddng vd khdc biet gida vdn hod Viet Nam vd mot sd nude ndi tii'ng Anh (dde biet la ba nude Anh, Uc, My) Phat trien Tai lai nen dua mdn Giao tie'p Giao van hoa vao ehuang trinh hgc? Nhieu sinh vien Viet Nam giao tiep vdi ngudi nude ngoai thudng gap phai nhttng tinh hud'ng "trd treu" hoac "phin elm", vi du nhu: Co mot caLu sinh vien Viet Nam gap mot du khaeb My d Van Mie'u Sau vai cau chao bdi, gidi thieu llm quen, cau sinh vien bay to y mudn duge thuc hanh d c ky nang nghe ndi tie'ng Anh Du khach My vui ve ddng y Cau sinh vien Viet Nam lap tflc md man blng d c cau bdi "phdng van" blng tieng Anh: "How many people are there in your family?" (Gia dinb ba ed bao nhieu ngudi?) "What you do?" (Ba lam nghe gi?) "How old are you?" (Ba bao nhieu tudi?) "Are you married?" (Ba da lap gia dinb ehua?) "Why aren't you married? I think that you should get married soon You look old enough to get married and have children." (Sao ba khdng lap gia dinb di? Trdng ba da de'n tudi phai lap gia dinb va cd rdi.) v.v va v.v 389 Sau vli cau bdi diu, du khich My d m tha'y bat tien va ebi am fl Vin ehua thdi, cau sinh vien ay vln tdi tap bdi va hlo bfle cbd cau tra ldi The' nhung ba du khIch ngudi My dflng Idn va d o tfl Gdn cau sinh vien ban khoan: hay tai vdn tie'ng Anh cua minh qui kem, de'n ndi ngudi My khdng hieu Thue vdn tieng Anh cua cau khdng de'n ndi te nhu cau nghl De' giao tie'p, ngdn ngfl mdi chi II d u ndi quan trgng Nhung hieu biet ve van boa se lam cho viee giao tie'p trd nen de dang ban Neu cau sinh vien ngudi Viet khdng dat nhflng cau bdi ma ddi vdi ngudi My qua rieng tu va tgc mach, chic chin cudc ndi chuyen gifla hai ben se trd nen edi md, than mat ban vi d hai deu sin Idng mudn tao quan he Trong mot cudc khio sit tien hInh vdi sinh vien nam thfl nhat K32, khoa NN va VH Anb-My, 20% sinh vien vln sfl dung nhflng cau bdi nhu: "Hi! What are you doing in the town?"(Xin chao! Ban dang lam gi thi tran vay?) "Hi! Where are you doing?" (Xin chao! Ban dang lam gi vay?) "Hi! How are you? What are you doing here?" (Chao! Ban dang lam gi d day vay?) de chao bdi ddi tugng giao tiep la ngudi Anh, My Nhflng ldi nhu vay se it gap ban d nhflng sinh vien nam cudi hg qui trinh hgc da duge tham din van hoi cua ngdn ngfl dich.Tuy nhien, duge hgc mdn Giao thoa vdn hod hg mdi cd y thflc mot d e b cd be thdng nhflng tuang ddng vl khie biet gifla van hoi Viet va d c nude ndi tieng Anh 'e Vai trd cua giao vien va sinh vien viee hgc va day mdn Giao thoa van hoa De' nang cao nban thflc cua sinh vien nam cudi su khae biet vl tuang ddng cua van hoi ngudn va van hoi dieh, vai trd cua ngudi gilo vien rat quan trgng Tuy nhien, chflng ta khdng the phu nban vai trd cua ngudi hgc Ne'u ngudi hgc khdng ed y thflc, khdng cd su say me bay ldi cud'n, hg se tim thay nhflng tie't hgc te nhat Hoac xay tinh trang, gilo vien giang, hgc sinh ngdi dudi Idp \tu ca: "Bie't rdi, khd llm, ndi mai Ba d i vd van ve van hoi, ma chang bie't" Hoac 390 giao vien dua ly thuyet qui cao sieu ve nghien cflu van bol ngdn ngfl cua d c hgc gia, din den tinh trang sinh vien ngdi nghe nhu vit nghe sam, khdng hieu thay dang ndi gi Them vao dd, tinh trangludi dge sich, tim tai lieu tham khIo, ngai giao tie'p vdi ngudi nude ngoai eung cd the lam sinh vien mat din di hflng thu vdi mdn hgc De phat buy tdt vai trd eua ngudi thiy, ehung tdi nban thay giao vien chi nen la nhflng ngudi hudng din, ggi y van de, cdn sinh vien mdi thue su la ngudi phai di sau tim hieu Vi cd dge saeh, tim tai lieu, giao tie'p true tiep vdi ngudi bin ngfl mdi lam nly sinh nhflng van de thue te' ma ngudi hgc khdng nghl tdi Chinh tfl nhflng bai hgc thue tien nay, ngudi hgc mdi tha'y sau, mdi thay tham nhuan va cin tbiet cho cdng viee eua hg sau Ngudi gilo vien cIn dua thue tien vao tflng bai gilng blng d e b chie'u d e trich doan phim, cho sinh vien dge nhflng cau chuyen suu tap tfl sIch, bao, Internet cd lien quan den su khic biet ve van hoa, yen cau sinh vien ke lai nhflng van de hg gap phai thue tidn giao tie'p vdi ngudi nude ngoai Ldp hgc se eung pban tich nguyen nban cua su viee, ggi y gili pblp can lam de tranh nhflng cu sd'c van boa Muc dieh chinh eua mdn hgc II nbim giup ngudi hgc cd kie'n thflc nen ve ta'm phdng van boa eua ngdn ngfl dieh, tfl dd rut bai hgc trinh nhflng hieu lam khdng ding cd giao tiep gifla van boa Viet va d c nude ndi tieng Anh Ngoli ra, bd mdn eon giup dung kie'n thflc van bol de' giai tbicb bien tugng ngdn ngfl, vi ngdn ngfl pbin anh van boa Ngudi hgc ngoai ngfl thudng cd xu hudng Ip dat van hoi cua ngdn ngfl ngudn len ngdn ngfl dieh Mot Ian nfla, ehung tdi xin nban manh tim quan trgng cua ngudi hgc va ngudi day Ca bai deu la nhung yeu to chinh viee truyen dat va tie'p thu nhttng kien thflc van hoa va ngdn ngfl Mot sd phuang phap giang day giao thoa van hoa cho sinh vien tieng Anh nam thu"4 a Phuang phdp thdo lugn md (open discussion) Day la phuong phap ggi md, nhlm khuyen khich sinh vien bay to quan diem va suy luan cua minh ddi vdi d c va'n de van boa Giao vien 391 cd the dua tinh hudng hoac cau bdi, td chflc cho sinh vien thio luan theo nhdm CIc nhdm se ke ban ghe' theo hinh trdn hoac hinh chfl nhat, ngdi ddi dien Mot ldp hgc ngoai ngfl cd the ehia hoac nhdm Sau budi thIo luan, gilo vien se tdng hgp y kie'n va el ldp se eung thao luan mot Ian nfla Tinh hud'ng vi du: Dudi day la mot cau chuyen Sinh vien duge yeu d u dge va dua quan diem eua minh, ddng y bay khdng ddi vdi hinh ddng cua d c nban vat Ddng sdng ca sau (Alligator river) Nlidn vat: Rosemary: Nban vat chinh Geoffrey: Chdng ehua cudi cua Rosemary Sinbad: Chfl thuyen Fredrick: Ngudi quen cua Rosemary Dennis: Ngudi ban thfl hai cua Rosemary Rosemary II mot cd gai khoing 21 tudi Cd da dinb bdn vdi mot nien tre ten II Geoffrey Gifla cd va vi bdn phu cd mot trd ngai Dd chinh la mot ddng sdng Khdng pbli ddng sdng binb thudng maf la mot sdng rdng, nude sau, chly xiet dly el sau Rosemary ban khoan khdng bie't lam d e b nao de vugt sdng Cd nhd de'n Sinbad, ngudi nhat cd thuyen vugt sdng Khi ed de'n gap anh ta, nhd dua giup sang sdng, dap "Duge, tdi se cbd giup ed sang sdng vdi dieu kien cd pbli d vdi tdi mot tuin" Bi sd'c trude ldi de ngbi dd, cd quay sang mot ngudi quen khIc, Fredrick, va ke mgi chuyen Fredrick dip, "Oi, Rosemary, anh hieu van de eua em, nhung dd la van de cua chinh em, chfl khdng pbli cua anh" Rosemary danh quay lai chd Sinbad, va d vdi mot tuan Sau dd Sinbad da dua cd sang sdng Geoffrey da ndng nan don tiep cd Nhung trude hdm cudi cd thly minh can pbli ke cho Geoffrey mgi chuyen Geoffrey ndi: "Anh se chi cudi em tren the gian chi cdn minh em nhat" Cudi eung, Rosemary quay sang Dennis, ban cd Dennis ling 392 nghe cau chuyen va ndi." 6i, Rosemary, Anh khdng yeu em nhung anh se cudi em" Va dd la ket thue cua cau chuyen Hogt ddng thdo lugn: Sap xi'p theo tlid tu td din cdc nlidn vat md bgn cho Id ddng y nhat vd phdn ddi nhd't Gidi thieh Phuang pblp cd uu diem phit buy su tich cue va ehu ddng eua sinh vien, khuyen khich sinh vien sfl dung ldi tu phe phIn (critical thinking) va biy td quan die'm Ngudi hgc eung cd the' luyen them ky nang thue hinh tieng ndi va thuyet trinh Tuy nhien, ne'u sinh vien ludi suy nghl, bay rut re va ngai ndi, nhflng boat ddng tren se rlt te nhat Vi vay, gilo vien can di kblo sit tflng nhdm, ddng vien nhflng ngudi nbut nhit va ddi cdn khuyen khich blng thudng diem Ngoai ra, vi la gid thIo luan, ldp hgc se rat sdi ndi vl Im I Neu quin ly khdng tdt, gilo vien se khdng dieu khien duge boat ddng cua ldp b Phuang phdp tit phdn anh (reflection method) Phuong pblp cd the dung d boat ddng ndi va viet Gilo vien se yeu cau sinh vien chuan bi mot cau chuyen hoac tinh hud'ng gay sd'c hoac ngflng tre giao tiep mot sd llnb vuc cu the, cd the' cua chinh minh hoac nghe ke lai Dung kien thflc giao thoa van hoa da hgc duge, sinh vien rut kinh nghiem va neu quan diem d nban cua minh Bai phIn Inb cd the' d hinh thflc thuyet trinh (presentation) hoac viet tu luan (essay) Vi du: Write a 2-page paper reflecting on what you have learnt from the course of Cross-cultural Communication Please tell a story in which culture shock occurs (stories can be collected from different sources Yet, we highly appreciate stories based on your own experience), explain what leads to misunderstanding/miscommunication and suggest solution(s) to the situation What can you learn from the story? Can you connect it with any aspect of your life (e.g relationships, study, job, family, travel, etc)? How can cultural differences be utilized as important resources rather than barriers for successful intercultural communication encounters? 393 Phuang pblp khuyen khich ngudi hgc tim hieu, ngbidn cuii va lap luan, sfl dung hieu qua chinh nhflng kinh nghiem cua minh,ddng thdi ren luyen ky nang viet va thuyet trinh Ddi cd nhflng sinh vien ludi suy nghl, mugn bai eua ldp khIc hoac cua kbol trude de' chep lai Tinh trang cd the' ngan chan duge neu d c gilo vien cd su trao ddi ve mat chuyen mdn va giang day thudng xuyen ban c Phuang phdp mieu td true tiip (live description) Gilo vien cd the suu tap d c bang, dia hinh, video, tranh, anh lam gilo cu true quan Sinh vien se duge xem nhflng hinh Inb cu the' tren phim, dIa sau dd thao luan trude ldp hoac ehia nhdm nhd Gilo vien nen ggi y sinh vien tbio luan nhung diem tuang ddng va kbic biet d c hanh vi van boa, ma cd the da va se din de'n sd'c van bol Ngoli ra, chflng ta cd the khuyen khich sinh vien dung nhflng vd kich, tu hg ddng vai CI ldp se eung xem va eung nhdm sinh vien dd pban tich, rut bai hgc Phuong pblp cd uu diem giup sinh vien de nhd, dd tiep thu vi chinh tu hg duge tan mit chflng kie'n Ngoai ra, nd kich tbicb khdng hgc tap sdi ndi ldp, thflc day su hieu biet lln gifla d c sinh vien hon Ddng thdi, nhieu sinh vien cd co bdi bdc Id nang khieu cua minh ban Nhugc diem eua phuong pblp ddi eung lam cho gilo vien khd thue bien tren ldp lien tuc duge Vi ngudi gilo vien se ton rat nhieu thdi gian suu tap, chgn Igc d c trich doan phim hay video Cdng viee ddi bdi pbli cd d c tbiet bi hd trg ky thuat cao Ngudi gilo vien pbli bie't su dung miy tinh, nhat la ehuang trinh power point Rlt may, bien trudng DHNN-DHQGHN da trang bi mot sd phdng hgc tie'ng cdng nghe cao Gilo vien cd the Ip dung phuong pblp ra't don giln, khdng nhieu phien va thu tuc d Phuang phdp khdo sat true tiep (survey questionnaires) Gilo vien se tbiet ke' cau hdi khao sit ve mot van de van hoa cu the, sau dd giao cho tflng nhdm, mdi nhdm se di gap nhflng ngudi Anh bin ngfl bien dang sinh sdng tai Viet Nam, phdng van va khao sit Hoac tham chi sinh vien ed the dflng mang Internet khao sit true tie'p 394 vdi ban be la ngudi ban ngfl cua hg Ddi khi, giao vidn cd the chi giao ehu de, cdn cau bdi khao sat, sinh vien cd the tu thie't ke Sau tien hanh kblo sat xong, sinh •ien se thu thap cau tra ldi, pban tich va viet bio d o Dieu can tbiet nhat la hg rut duge gi tfl sau nhflng lln khao sat dd Phuong cd uu diem lam cho sinh vien nang ddng, tao mdi trudng giao tie'p cu the vdi ngudi nude ngoai va lam thay ddi khdng hgc tap ldp Ddi cd nhflng sinh vien rut re, phuong phap lam hg tha'y "khd sd" vi khdng dam ndi chuyen hoac khdng the "kiem dau ngudi nude ngoli de ndi chuyen" - nhu mot sd sinh vien tflng pban nan Va'n de d cbd hg khdng nang ddng Chflng ta deu biet sd ngudi sfl dung tie'ng Anh nhu la ngdn ngfl thfl nhat tren the' gidi la rlt nhieu Sinh vien cd the dung Internet de hd trg Chi phi cho mot gid dung mang bien khdng phai la qui dit ddi vdi hg Dudi day la mot vi du cu the: ATTITUDES TO TIME AND SPACE Interview four or five native speakers to find out their answers to the following questions When you the survey, note down the individual speakers' answers When you are invited to someone's house for dinner, bow much earlier or later than the scheduled time you try to arrive? How long does a dinner party usually last? If you were planning a surprise birthday party for a close friend, bow many days or weeks in advance would you invite the guests? If you were a guest at a party or at a social ocassion in someone's home, bow would you indicate to your host that it was time for you to leave? if you had an appointment to meet a friend a 12:00 and arrived at 12:45, how would you expect your friend to react? Ket luan Tren day chi la mot vai phuong^ phap ehung tdi dua nhlm giup 395 ngudi dge bie't them mot sd phuong phap giang day mdn Giao thoa van bol Nhflng phuong phap dang duge chflng tdi Ip dung thdi gian gin day va cd dem lai mot sd ke't qua kha quan Tuy nhien, chflng tdi vln biet ring, d c phuong phap ehua pbli la tdi uu eung nhu cdn nhieu nhugc diem Chung tdi mong nban duge nhflng y kien kien ddng gdp quy blu cua ban dge giup cho ehuang trinh day va hgc mdn Giao tiep giao van bol Viet Nam va d c nude ndi tieng Anh duge boan thien hon, ha'p din hon tuong lai 396 ... vd mot sd nude ndi tii'ng Anh (dde biet la ba nude Anh, Uc, My) Phat trien Tai lai nen dua mdn Giao tie'p Giao van hoa vao ehuang trinh hgc? Nhieu sinh vien Viet Nam giao tiep vdi ngudi nude ngoai... sit true tie'p 3 94 vdi ban be la ngudi ban ngfl cua hg Ddi khi, giao vidn cd the chi giao ehu de, cdn cau bdi khao sat, sinh vien cd the tu thie't ke Sau tien hanh kblo sat xong, sinh •ien se thu... gifla van hoi Viet va d c nude ndi tieng Anh 'e Vai trd cua giao vien va sinh vien viee hgc va day mdn Giao thoa van hoa De' nang cao nban thflc cua sinh vien nam cudi su khae biet vl tuang ddng