Phụ nữ trung quốc trong công cuộc cải cách mở cửa hiện nay

PHU N Q TRUNG QUOC TRONG CONG CUOC CAI CACH Md CLTA HIEN NAY Dang Thanh Tinh Khoa Ljch sii Truimg DHSP - DHQG Ha Ngi Phu nir Tmng Qude duge xa hdi tang cho mdt eii ten rit thin thien la "Nua biu trdi Tmng Hoa" Dai pbit thanb, dai tmydn binb ddu dat ten cho ehuong trtnh phy ntr ciia minh la ehuong trtnh "Nira biu trdi Tmng Hoa" Tidng ggi the hien sy tdn ki'nh va sy khdng djnh cua xa hdi ddi vdi lye lugng vT dai cua phu nir Qua la phu nu Tmng Qude hien dang gdp phin to Idn eiia minh dd sing tao van minh vat chit va van minh tinh thin cho xa hdi Ty le phu nu di lam viec eac xf nghiep va cdng sd chidm gin 45% tdng sd nban vien di lam cua xa hdi Con sd vugt qua ty le cua tbd gidi (thdgidi la 34,5%) Trong tap ebf "Tmng Qude nay" tbdng ke sd lao ddng loan qude nam 1982 la 520 trieu ngudi, dd 220 trieu la nir Ddn nam 2000 sd lao ddng ntr la 290 trieu chidm 44,96% tdng sd lao ddng trorig loan qude V Vi eon sd phu nir di lam cua Tmng Qude hien eao den nbu vay? Dd la eac nguyen nban sau day: Mdt la, cie thanb phin kinh le xa hdi ed sy bien ddi: cdng nghiep nhe vi cic bd phin sin xuit phi vat chit duge phat tridn manh, date biet la thuong nghiep, du ljch va eac djch vu khae da md rdng co hdi tham gia lao ddng cho phu nir Sy pbit tridn sdi ddng cua ndn kinh td thj tmdng ddi hdi sd lugng Idn cie luat su, ein bd nbin vien nganh luat khidn cho sd phu ntr lam vien cbtre eac toa in tang len tdi bon van ngudi Hai la, sy pbit tridn vdi tde dd nhanh chdng eiia eac xf nghiep huong trin da thu hut ddng dao sd lao ddng nir ddi du Trong phdn ddng nam gidi cie thanb phd Idn kidm viec lam khidn cho ty le phu nu ndng tbdn tham gia lao ddng tren ddng mdng eung nbu cie xf nghiep huong triii chidm tdi 76% tdng sd lao ddng d ndng tbdn Cd tbd ndi phy nir la lao ddng cbfnb cie xf nghiep huong trail, theo tbdng ke ed tdi ban 1(X) trieu Nbidu ngudi da trd thanb nbihig tay kinh doanh gidi cie tinb ven bidn nhu Giang Td, Quang Ddng, Phiie Kidn Mdi dnh cd khoang 2000 den 3000 phu nu lam giim ddc Hg da gdp phin to Idn cua minh vao sy nghiep eit einh cua ndn kinh td ndng tbdn Cdng eude cai cich md eira khdng chi md rdng eira cho phu nir Tmng Qude tham gia cic boat ddng kinh tdma edn lao didu kien cho phu nir tham gia mgi boat ddng khie cua xa hdi Ndi bat nhit la tinh vyc giio due, theo tbdng ke nam 1992, cic loai tmdng ty le nO giio vien chidm ttr 30 - 44,5% tren tdng sd giio vien cie tmdng dai bgc, ty le nir ein bd giang day eung chidm eao va eung dat duge nhung hge vj khoa bgc eao nhit Vf du nhu d Dai bgc Bdc Kinh la tmdng dai hge ndi tidng nhit Tmng Qude, tit ea cd khoang 3000 giio vien thi dd ed 1000 giio vien nu Trong 1000 giio vien nir eiia Dai bgc Bdc Kinh ed 68 ntr giio su va bon 300 nir phd giio su Nbidu ntr giio vien cic tmdng duge nbi nude khen thuong va tang thudng nhung danh bieu eao quy Miy nam gin day, sd phu nir trye tidp tham gia giang day cic 44 tmdng bgc, cic cip bgc khdng ngtmg tang len Cd tbd ndi, phu nir da trd thanb lye lugng khdng tbd thidu duge linh vyc giio due xa hdi Cting vdi ITnh vyc giio due, phu nO Tmng Qude edn budc vio cic ITnh vyc khoa bgc ky thuit tien tidn nhu vat ly, eao nang lugng, cdng trinh di tmydn, ky thuat vi dien tii, phdng ve tinh Cilng vdi cic nha khoa bgc nam gidi, phu nu eung dinh duge nhiing thanb tyu ding kd Enh vyc khoa bgc ky thuit Nam 1993, Tmng Qude cd 8,97 trieu nii nhin vien khoa bgc ky thuit chidm 35% tdng sd nbin vien khoa bgc toin qude Diy la sd cd y nglua Idn, khdng djnh sy pbit tridn khdng ngtmg cua phu nii ITnh vyc khoa hge ky thuat va trd mdt lye lugng quan trgng ITnh vyc Tfnh ddn nam 1993, Tmng Qude cd 204 phu ntr la ehuyen gia cip nha nude chidm 5,7% tdng sd chuyen gia, dac biet cd 29 phu nii duge vinh dy dam nhiem vien sT ban lim Tmng Qude chidm 5,4%o tdng sd vien sT Trong Unh vyc chfnh trj - xa hdi, phu nii Tmng Qude eung tbd hien duge vai trd quan trgng cua minh Nira tbd ky qua da xuit hien nhung ngudi phu nii tieu bidu ndi tidng Tmng Qude va tbd gidi nhu ba Tdng Khinh Linh, ba Dang Dinh Sieu Ngay sd nhihig ngudi phu nii boat ddng chinh trj cang tang len rd ret Nam 1991, vien nghien eiiu din sd khoa hge xa hdi Tmng Qude da md cude didu tra khao sit tinh hinh phu nii tham gia boat ddng chinh trj tren pham vi toan qude Cude didu tra cho thiy 25,7% dai bidu hdi ddng nbin din cic cip la ntr Ndu nhu sd nir dai bidu hdi ddng nbin dan toan qude khoi I nam 1954 la 147 ngudi thi tdi dai hdi dai bidu nhan din toan qude khoi VHI nam 1993 sd nir dai bidu da tang len 626 ngudi Phu nii Tmng Qude khdng cbi tham gia qude hdi ma edn tham gia cic cip chinh phu ttr tmng uong ddn dja phuong Cic thip ky tmde diy cd ba Tdng Khinh Linh timg lam phd chu tjch nude Tfnh ddn nam 1994 da cd 16 ntr bd tmdng, 18 ntr chii tjch vi phd chu tjch dnh Trong 517 thanb phd toan Tmng Qude ed bon 3(X) nu chu tjch va phd chu tjch thanb phd Nhung sd tbd hien sy tidn bd cie boat ddng eiia phu nir tren diy ndi len sy bidn ddi siu sic ciia xa hdi Tmng Qude tbdi dai Tmng Qude vdn la dit nude da cd hon 20(K) nam ehd dd phong kidn, liy Khdng Giio lam dao dtic xa hdi, dd dan ba va bgn tidu nhin duge xdp vio eung mdt hang ngudi khd giio boa Trai qua gin mdt thd ky tidn hanh cich mang, ttr cich mang din ehii tu sin nam 1911 ddn cich mang vd san xa hdi chii nghia vtira qua, m Mdng trgng nam khinh nu din din bj diy liii Nhung mai cho ddn cdng cude cai cich kinh td hien mdi dem lai nbidu cd may cho ddng dao phy ntr Dja vj kinh td ciia ngudi phu nir duge cai thien khidn cho dja vj xa hdi va vi tn ciia hg gia cfinb eung duge cai thien Ngudi phu nii cd quydn quydt djnh hdn nhin, sinh cai vi eung chdng quan ly cdng viec gia dinh Ngay rit ft thiy canh gii d nha phai phu thudc vao bd, liy chdng phai phu thudc vao chdng, chdng chdt phai phu thudc vio Ngudi phu nu cd dja vj kinh td bay gid cd quydn vi hoan toan ed nang ty lya chgn cude sdng hanh phiic cho minh Vin dd giai phdng phu nu d Tmng Qude da di vao mgi ngd ngach td nhj cua cude sdng Hg dang xoi bd din nhung thien kidn ed xua ddi vdi nhung ngudi phu nii ddc thin, bd chdng, phu ntr tai gii, tuyen tmydn nd'p sdng van minh hien dai cua cdng cude bdn hiSn dai hoi Tmng Qude (Xem tie'p trangSl) 45 Tdi lieu tham khdo Ban vd cai each md eira - Dang Tidu Binb (Ngd Tti Kinh djch) Nghien cfhi vj tn phu nir Tmng Qude - NXB Khoa hge Xa hdi SUMMARY Chinese women in the present open door economic reform Nowadays, the Chinese women plays a very important role not only in the family but also in the society The economic reform has created more favourable condition for them to take part in all socioeconomic activities Research shows that working women have accounted for 45% of the labourforce in China This figure is rather higher than the worid's average rate So, the Chinese women is named closely by "A half the Chinese sky" 51 ... biet cd 29 phu nii duge vinh dy dam nhiem vien sT ban lim Tmng Qude chidm 5,4%o tdng sd vien sT Trong Unh vyc chfnh trj - xa hdi, phu nii Tmng Qude eung tbd hien duge vai trd quan trgng cua minh... phd chu tjch nude Tfnh ddn nam 1994 da cd 16 ntr bd tmdng, 18 ntr chii tjch vi phd chu tjch dnh Trong 517 thanb phd toan Tmng Qude ed bon 3(X) nu chu tjch va phd chu tjch thanb phd Nhung sd tbd