REN Kl N A N G Sa PHAM TRONG QUA TRINH D A O TAG GIAO VIEN THS DO DUNG HO A Khoa Suphqm, DHQGHN Qua trinh phat trien va hoi nhap kinh te manh me nhu hien da dat nhflng thach thiic mdi cho cong tac dao tao giao vien Ngudi giao vien thdi dai mai phai khong ngirng nang cao trinh khoa hoc CO ban dong thai khong ngirng ren luyen va hoan thien cac ki nang nghiep vu su pham day hoc va giao due He thong tri thiic va ky nang c6 the dugc hinh thanh, tich luy, hoan thien qua nhieu nam thang hoat dong linh vuc nghe nghiep, nhung nhiing nen tang eo ban ciia chiing phai dirac hinh tir ban dau, thdi gian nguoi sinh vien hoc truong su pham Noi each khac, day hoe hien dai, trirong su pham giu vai tro quyet dinh vice hinh nhung eo so cua pham chat va nang lue nguoi giao vien tuong lai Qua trinh nghien cihi de tai QS 03-01 va da de xuat mot ''Quy trinh vd not dung ren luyen ky nang su pham cho sinh vien khoa Su pham - Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi" la mot dong gop cho cong tac Ve khdi niem ky nang su pham (KNSP), hien c6 hai huang hieu ky nang: - Hirdfng thur nhat: Coi KNSP la phan, la dieu kien ciia nang lure su pham Cac tac gia theo xu hu6ng nhu: Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, A.V Petropxki, Pham Minh Hac, Dang Vu Hoat, w - Xu hiring thir hai: Coi KNSP la mat thao tac, mat ky thuat ciia hanh dong su pham Nguyen Nhu An cho ring: "KNSP la kha nang thuc hien mot so thao tac hay mot loat cac thao tac phiic tap ciia mot hanh dong su pham bang each lua chon va van dung nhung tri thiic, each thiic, qui trinh dung dSn" 18 Ve phan loqi cac KNSP, dira vao cac ehiic nang cua ngudi giao vien (giang day, giao due va nghien eiiu khoa hoc) c6 the ehia bon nhom ki nang sau: Nhom ky nang thiet ke bai day gom: Phan tich noi dung, chuong trinh mon hoc Xac dinh cac kien thiic eo ban cua bai day Xac dinh kien thire lien quan tcfi bai day Du kien cac phuong phap, phuong tien day hoe phu hop vdfi noi dung dung kien thiic can day Du kien trinh va cac hanh dong cua hoc sinh diln bai day ciia minh Du kien cac tinh huong c6 the xay gid day Phan phoi thdi gian cho cac kien thiic can day Nhom ky nang to chiic day hoc tren Idp gom: Doc, viet, ve, diin dat y cua minh de ngudi khac hieu Diln dat noi dung day hoc bang ngon ngu ciia minh Ggi mo, din ddt hoc sinh vao bai hoe Tao cac tinh huong ehua dung kien thiic day hoc To chiic hoc sinh tim kiem kien thiic qua cac hinh thiic hoc tap ngoai nghe giang Lira chon phuong phap day hoc phii hop Lua chon va dung phuong tien day hoc Bieu diln thi nghiem, thuc nghiem Ky nang bao quat 16p 10 Phan phoi th5i gian thuc te cho cac hoat dong cua minh va ciia hoc sinh tren Icfp 11 Giai quyet cac tinh huong phat sinh tren lop gicf day 12 Ra cau hoi, kiem tra danh gia ket qua hoc tap cua hoc sinh Nhom ky nang giao due hoc sinh gom: l.Nhan biet tarn li hoc sinh qua cac da'u hieu khac Nhan cac nhom nho tap the hoe sinh 19 Su dung cac bien phap su pham de giao due hoc sinh Danh gia hieu qua tac dong eiia minh tdi hoc sinh 5.To ehiic cac hoat dong tap the cua hoc sinh Cam hoa hoe sinh bang nang luc va pham chat nhan each ciia minh Ket hop vdi cha me hoc sinh va dong nghiep giao due hoe sinh 8.Lam chii hanh vi ciia minh quan he vdi hoc sinh, vdi cha me cac em va vai dong nghiep 9.Kheo leo ddi xir su pham vai hoc sinh, vdi cha me cac em va vdi dong nghiep Cac ky nang tap dugt nghien curu khoa hoc: Phan tich, nhan xet cong viec eiia ngudi khac Kiem soat, danh gia, di6u khien va dieu chinh hoat dong cua ban than 3.Phat hien van d6 sinh tri thiic khoa hoe va thuc ti6n giao due hoc sinh Phat trien van de de tai nghien ciiu 5.Hinh d6 cuang nghien ciiu khoa hoe To ehiic nghien ciiu de tai 7.lJng dung nhiing thong tin, ket qua nghien ciiu vao thuc ti6n day hoe va giao due Ve nhiing yeu cau ciia viec ren KNSP: - He thong cac KNSP dugc hinh va ren luyen ein phii hgfp vdi muc tieu dao tao ciia trudng su pham - Nhiing KNSP phai dugc ren luyen thudng xuyen mgi hoat dong su pham eiia nha trudng, tao mot he thong ren luyen nghiep vu vdi nhieu hinh Ihiic da dang - Nhiing KNSP can dugc hinh tren ca sd nhan thiic li luan, dong thdi van dung ly thuyet vao hanh dong de hinh ky nang, ky xao va CO ke hoach cu the Ve dieu kien de hinh KNSP cho sinh vien: - Ngudi sinh vien can tu giac nhan thiic dugc nhu cau va su can thiet nam ky nang, ky xao su pham, tiir tao dung dong eo, hiing thii, ham thieh ren luyen va cd gang tap trung ren luyen dat ket qua 20 - Ngudi sinh vien can hieu biet day du can ke wt cac KNSP, biet muc dich, yeu edu, noi dung va each thiic thuc hien cac KNSP, can dugc quan sat thong qua trinh bay mSu (ky nang) ciia ngudi hudng dan - Luyen tap cd he thong va lien tuc cac dieu kien khac tur dan gian den phiic tap theo nhiing dudng can thiet - Phai biet kiem tra va tu kiem tra de dieu chinh hanh dong eiia minh, dap ling dugc yeu cau ciia viec ren luyen KNSP Ve hinh thitc trien khai cac noi dung ren KNSP: -Hinh thuc ren KNSP tich hap: Ngudi giao vien can phai sir dung hinh thiic ren tich hgp cac noi dung ren KNSP de tan dung tdi da thdi gian giang day cung nhu la phat huy tdi da siic lam viec eiia giao vien va sinh vien - Hinh thifc trien khai tren lap hoc: Vdi thdi lugng han che, cd nhiing noi dung giao vien cho sinh vien ren luyen tren Idp, hinh ki nang true tiep cd su dieu chinh true tiep eiia giao vien va ban be Con cd nhirng hinh thiic khac giao vien giao cho hge sinh tu luyen tap, nhien cd dinh hudng rd rang -Hinh thiic tu ren luyen: Ren ki nang can cd thdi gian lau dai va tinh tu nguyen cao, vi vay, ddi hoi sinh vien phai biet tir luyen tap, tu hoan thien ban than minh Vdi nhiing noi dung ddi hoi ren luyen lau dai, giao vien giao cho sinh vien dong thdi dinh hudng cho sinh vien luyen tap tai nha Ve cac budfc tien hanh ren KNSP: - Huang dan ly thuyet: Trong qua trinh hinh cac KNSP, tri thire cd vai trd quan trong, nhan thirc cang day dii, tieh cue, ky nang cang dugc nhanh chdng hoan thien sdm han Vi vay, giao vien can cung ca'p nhiing tri thiic rd rang ve muc dich, tinh chat bai luyen tap, tri thiic ve hanh dong can nam virng, ngudi hge can ghi nhd ky muc dich, dieu kien, quy trinh ciia viec thuc hien hanh dong - Lam mdu: Giao vien thao tac vahx, sinh vien quan sat mlu nhieu \in, giai thieh cac thao tac va y nghia ciia thao tac, nhung quy dinh, dieu kien ciia hanh dong, nhiing dieu can tranh - Sinh vien xdy dung kehoqch thuc hien: Can cii vao nhiing tri thiic 21 ve each tien hanh hoat dong va bi6u tugng vi nhung thao tac, sinh vien vach cho minh ke hoach each thiic, thii tir cac thao tac thuc hien - Thuc hanh vd luyen tap: Sinh vien lap lai cac thao tac nhu thao tac mau cua giao vien va luyen tap cac thao tac nhiing tinh hudng khac - Tu kiem tra: Sinh vien tien hanh so sanh, ddi chieu vdi cac thao tac mau, phat hien cac thieu sot, phan tich nguyen nhan dan den sai lam hanh dong va sua chQa Trong cac bude su danh gia kip thdi, chinh xac cha't lugng thao tac cd tac dung Idn ddi vdi viec cung cd hanh dong Neu thao tac diing se dugc ciing cd, nhiing thao tac khdng diing, sai lam se dugc khac phuc kip thdi - Thao tac sang tao: Viec hinh ky nang su pham la phai tien hanh hanh dong su pham (cac thao tac) cac tinh hudng su pham khac nhau, tiic la biet van dung mot each linh hoat mem deo vao hoan canh, tinh hudng mdi Vi vay giao vien phai xay dung cac tinh hudng khac de ngudi hoc giai quyet Trong qua trinh hoc tap va ren nghe tai trudng su pham, neu sinh vien nam vUng dugc he thong cac ki nang can thuc hanh, hieu dugc nhiing yeu cau va dieu kien cho viec ren cac ki nang, thuc hanh cd hieu qua theo tiing bude hinh ki nang dudi nhiing hinh thiic phu hgp thi chac chan sinh vien se cd nen tang viing chdc cho qua trinh hoan thien cac kl nang, gdp phan cang nang cao trinh va nang lue su pham cho ban than hoat dong nghe nghiep sau Tai lieu tham khao A.A.Xmiecndp, A.N.Ledngchep, X.L.Rubinxten, B.M.Chiepldp (ehu bien): Tdm li hoc Tap II Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi 1975 A.G.Cdvalidp Tdm li hoc cd nhdn Tap U Nxb Giao due 1971, tr 90 AUanpease Ngon ngU cua cu chi giao tiep Nxb Van Nghe, Tp HCM, 2001 Pham Minh Hac Tdm li hoc Sdd K.K.Platdldp Ban ve he thong tdm li hoc Ban tieng Viet (in Rdned) DHSP Ha Ndi I 1978, tr 214 22 N.M laKoblep, Phuang phdp vd ki thuat len lap trudng thong, Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi, 1983 R Fischer (1992) Teaching children to Think Simon & Schuster Education Tran Trong Thuy (ehu bien): Tdm li hoc Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi 2000, tr 87 V.A Cruchetxki: Nhiing ca sd cua tdm li hoc suphqm Tap II Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi 1980) 23 ... tap tai nha Ve cac budfc tien hanh ren KNSP: - Huang dan ly thuyet: Trong qua trinh hinh cac KNSP, tri thire cd vai trd quan trong, nhan thirc cang day dii, tieh cue, ky nang cang dugc nhanh chdng... thao tac mau, phat hien cac thieu sot, phan tich nguyen nhan dan den sai lam hanh dong va sua chQa Trong cac bude su danh gia kip thdi, chinh xac cha't lugng thao tac cd tac dung Idn ddi vdi viec... canh, tinh hudng mdi Vi vay giao vien phai xay dung cac tinh hudng khac de ngudi hoc giai quyet Trong qua trinh hoc tap va ren nghe tai trudng su pham, neu sinh vien nam vUng dugc he thong cac