ÔN TẬP CÁC THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH

TÀI LIỆU TRẮC NGHIỆM, BÀI GIẢNG PPT CÁC MÔN CHUYÊN NGÀNH Y DƯỢC HAY NHẤT CÓ TẠI “TÀI LIỆU NGÀNH Y DƯỢC HAY NHẤT” ;https:123doc.netusershomeuser_home.php?use_id=7046916. TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP CÁC THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH. DÀNH CHO SINH VIÊN CÁC TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC VÀ CÁC TRƯỜNG KHÁC, GIÚP SINH VIÊN HỆ THỐNG, ÔN TẬP VÀ HỌC TỐT KHI HỌC TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP CÁC THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH

ÔN TẬP CÁC THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH Phần I: Các - Tenses Hiện đơn (Simple present) • Sử dụng: Hành động, trạng thái xảy ra, thật hiển nhiên, tập quán, đặc tính, việc tương lai lên lịch A: He speaks N: He does not speak Q: Does he speak? • Những từ nhận biết: always, usually, often, frequently, sometimes, seldom, rarely, every (…), once a week • Xem xét chủ từ số nhiều hay số mà thêm “S/ES” hay giữ nguyên động từ • Động từ tận cùng: SS, SH, TCH, X, O, Z ta thêm ES chủ từ ngơi thứ số • Động từ tận phụ âm + Y đổi thành IES (xem them tai lieu bo sung) Present Progressive: Hiện tiếp diễn Sử dụng: Hành động diễn nói, Hành động xảy thời gian giới hạn, Hành động lên kế hoạch thực tương lai A: He is speaking at the moment N: He is not speaking at the moment Q: Is he speaking at the moment? Những từ nhận biết: at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now Simple Past : Thì khứ đơn Sử dụng: Hành động, trạng thái xảy xong hẳn khứ; tập quán, khả khứ, kinh nghiệm khứ (regular and irregular verbs) A: He spoke N: He did not speak Q: Did he speak? • He wandered lonely in town last night • He didn’t wander lonely in town last night • Did he wander lonely in town last night? • Những từ nhận biết: yesterday, ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday, when I was a child… Past Progressive : Thì khứ tiếp diễn Sử dụng: diễn tả hành động thực dở dang khứ thời điểm đề cập đến; hành động diễn thi có hành động khác xảy đến A: He was speaking N: He was not speaking Q: Was he speaking? • This time last year I was living in Brazil • Yesterday, while we were having dinner, Tom phoned me • Yesterday, Tom phoned me while were having dinner • Yesterday, we were having dinner when Tom phoned me • Những từ nhận biết: at + thời gian (yesterday, last night)…when, while, as long as Present Perfect Simple :Thì hồn thành Sử dụng: hành động vừa hoàn thành, kết hành động khứ mà đến thời điểm còn, kinh nghiệm đến ngưng, việc đến tiếp tục • A: He has spoken for one hour N: He has not spoken for one hour Q: Has he spoken for one hour? • Những từ nhận biết: just, recently, already, not… yet, never, ever, since (điểm thời gian), for (khoảng thời gian) , before, lately,so far, till now, up to now Present Perfect Progressive: Thì hồn thành tiếp diễn Sử dụng: Nhấn mạnh hoảng thời gian việc tồn (không phải kết quả), hành động gần hồn hành cịn tiếp tục, hành động hồn thành có ảnh hưởng đến • A: He has been speaking N: He has not been speaking Q: Has he been speaking? • Những từ nhận biết: all day, for years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week Past Perfect Simple : Quá khứ hoàn thành Sử dụng: diễn tả hành động xảy trước hành động khác khứ, thường cặp với khứ đơn A: He had spoken N: He had not spoken Q: Had he spoken? • After + QKHT, QKĐ or QKĐ + after QKHT • Before+QKĐ, QKHT or QKHT before QKĐ • Những từ nhận biết: already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day Past Perfect Progressive: Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Sử dụng: Hành động xảy trước thời điểm định khứ, Đơi dùng chung vớ q khứ hồn thành, nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian trình thực hành động • A: He had been speaking N: He had not been speaking Q: Had he been speaking? Future Simple : Thì tương lai đơn Sử dụng: Hành động xảy tương lại mà không bị ảnh hưởng, định lúc nói, giả định tương lai A: He will speak N: He will not speak Q: Will he speak? Những từ nhận biết: in a year, next …, tomorrow 10 Near future: Tương lai gần b: Quyết định thực cho tương lai, kết luận tương lai A: He is going to speak N: He is not going to speak Q: Is he going to speak? Những từ nhận biết: in one year, next week, tomorrow 11 Future Progressive: Tương lai tiếp diễn Sử dụng:Hành động xảy thời đểm tương lai, hành động chắn xảy tương lai gần A: He will be speaking N: He will not be speaking Q: Will he be speaking? Những từ nhận biết: in one year, next week, tomorrow 12 Future perfect: Tương lai hoàn thành Sử dụng:Hành động hoàn thành thời điểm định tương lai A: He will have spoken N: He will not have spoken Q: Will he have spoken Những từ nhận biết: by Monday, in a week Bài tập • She doesn’t work, she (swim) now • She (see) him at the supermarket yesterday • We (eat) dinner before we came here • She (play) the piano when our guests (arrive) last night • This message (just, arrive) • While we (plant) trees, the principal (come) and (talk) to us • Buses (pass) my house everyday • We (live) here since 1990 • They (ride) home from school now • She (fly) to New York tomorrow • I (go) to Dalat last week and I (stay) there for five days • The boys (play) football in the field when I arrived Phần II: Pasive voice (Thể thụ động) • Active: S + V + O+ M • Passive: S+ Be+V3/ed + M+ by O Ex: Khoa bought this book in Can Tho This book was bought in Can Tho by Khoa • Simple Present • am, is, are + V3,ed + … + By O • Ex: My daughter cleans the floor • -• Simple past • Was, were + V3,ed+….+ by O • Ex: Nam wrote this letter • • Simple Future • Will, shall + Be + V3,ed+…+by O • Ex: She will teach our class • • Present continuous • am, is, are + being + V3, ed+…+ by O • Ex: Mary is cooking dinner • • Past Continuous: • was + being +V3, ed+…+ by O • I was studying English at 2.00 yesterday • • Future Continuous: • Will, Shall+be + being+ V3, ed+……+ by O • Mary will be cleaning the door • • Present Perfect: • Has, have + been + V3, ed • The boy has found the key • • Past Perfect: • had + been + V3, ed • Mary had made this cake • -• Future Perfect: • shall • + have + been + V3, ed + ….+ by O He will have sold this car • • NEGATIVE: • Saints didn’t build that temple • • No one looks after the children • • YES_NO QUESTION: • Ex: Did your mother make this cake? • -• WH_QUESTION: • Ex: Who wrote this book ? • • VERB OF OBJECTS: (Động từ có túc từ) • Indirect Oject-I.O (Túc từ gián tiếp) • Direct Object (Túc Ex 1:John gives me a book từ trực tiếp) • • John gives a book to me • • Ex 2:I bought my sister some pens • • I bought some pens for my sister • • TO: give, send, show (chỉ, đưa cho), lend, promise, hand, pay, read, wish, offer, read, tell, throw • FOR: get (mua), order (đặt mua), spare (dành cho), bring, make, leave (bỏ lại), save (để dành), sell, buy • DEFECTIVE VERBS (Động từ khiếm khuyết câu Passive) • S + Def.V + Be +P.P • May, might, ought Ex: He can speak English to Can, • - could, must • NẾU TRONG CÂU ACTIVE CÓ VERBS OF PERCEPTION (động từ tri giác): SEE, WATCH, HEAR, MAKE… • Thì động từ theo sau khơng TO chuyển thành động từ có TO câu passive • Ex: He makes me it • • Nếu S câu ACTIVE I, HE, SHE, IT, WE, YOU, THEY, SOMEONE, PEOPLE… • Any • Some one • body • No thing • Every • Khi chuyển sang PASSIVE bỏ BY ME, BY HER, BY US, BY YOU, BY THEM, BY HIM, BY SOMEONE… • Ex: People speak English all over the world • • Ex: Someone stole my purse • • VERB FOLLOWED BY A PREPOSITION • Our sister looks after our children • Causative form: nhờ bảo, sai khiến • Chủ động :S+ have + O (person) + V (bare Infinitive) +O (thing) • Bị động : S + have +O (thing) + V3 • • Ex: I have the barber cut my hair -> I have my hair cut by the barber • Bị động kép : Động từ • People + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report…+that + clause * It’s+thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…+that+clause * S + am/is/are+thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…+to + V –inf • Ex: People say he is a good doctor – It’s said that he is a good doctor – He is said to be a good doctor • S + am/is/are + thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…+to + have PII • Ex: People think he stole my motorbike – It’s thought that he stole my motorbike – He is thought to have stolen my motorbike • Dạng đặc biệt (câu p 99, test 4) • Active: S+ have, has, had, be having+ someone+ V1 • Passive:S+ have, has,had, be having+ something+V3/Ved… • Ex: I have the barber cut my hair I have my hair cut • Câu trang 113 test (p43) • His parents made him study for his exams • He was made to study for his exams by his parents • Câu trang 115 test (wh-question) • They should go to Da Lat in January The weather is very good for them then • • Mrs Brown is the only woman He wants to meet her • The man is very young You are driving his car • • Here are some accounts You have to check these accounts • • This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last year • • You can’t enjoy hiking in winter Snow covers everything in winter • • Do you meet the boy? He broke their window • • I listen to music late at night The children have gone to bed at the time • Do you know the building? The window of the building are painted green • Fill in the blank with the proper relative pronounce • Let me see all the letters……you have written • They boy… is standing near the machine is Tom • I know the place…….roses grow a lot • The man… you want to meet has just left 1960 was the year……… the revolution took place • The magazine……you lend me is very interesting • They will move to the house…….is being built near the station • She is looking for the students……lost their bicycles • They are waiting for the man……… motorbike is found near my house Replace the relative clause by an infinitive or infinitive phrase • If I had a family that I had to cook for I’d be more interested • • We had some exercise that we must now • • He was the first man who left the burning house • • I was the only person who saw the difficulties • Phần VI: Conditional Sentences (Câu điều kiện) • Câu điều kiện loại • If S+ V (simple present)+ O, S+V+O • Ex: If you heat ice, it melts • Use: diễn đạt kiện ln ln • If thay when • Ex: When the teacher enters the class, the pupils stand • Câu điều kiện loại • If S + V (Simple Present) + O, S + will, shall, may, can + V1 • Ex: If the weather is fine, we will go camping • Unless the weather is fine, we won’t go camping • Use: Sự kiện xảy • Câu điều kiện loại • If +S + Ved/2 + O, S +would/could +V1 • Ex: If I were you, I would go abroad • Use: Sự kiện khó xảy tương lai; điều kiện xảy lý thuyết khó xảy thực tế • Câu điều kiện loại • If + S + had V3/ed, S + would/could…+ have + V3/ed • If you hadn’t been absent yesterday, you would have seen teacher • Use: Diễn tả tình trái với thực tế q khứ • Có thể thay đảo ngữ trợ động từ chủ ngủ ngữ • Ex: Were I Tom , I would refuse BÀI TẬP Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses • Mr Harry…….(help) you if you want • If my friend… (be) here now, he would help me • If I….(make) that mistake again, my father will get angry with me • We wouldn’t understand Miss Lee if she …(speak) too fast • If it (happen)…, I’d phone you at once • He he moved, I (notice)…it • You (pay)…if your friend hadn’t had any money? • I (be)…very angry if you had told him • Stay in bed unless you (feel)…much better • If you (stay)…here for dinner, please let the Head Waiter know in advance Change the conditional clauses in these sentences from Type to Type • If they want to see you, they will come to the party • If he is curious, he will ask what we are doing • She will help us, if she has time • If they work hard, they will succeed Rewrite these sentences, using the form in which the word “if” is omitted • If he were here, he would lend us his car • If I had remembered their address, I would have sent them a card • If they had recognized her, they would have spoken to her • If I were in your position, I would pay close attention Wish sentences • There are three forms • Not true at present: • S + wish(es) + S + V2/-ed + O • (to be: were / weren’t) • S + wish(es) + S + didn’t + V1 • Ex: I don’t have a computer • I wish I had a computer • Not true in the past: • S + wish(es) + S + had + V3/-ed • S + wish(es) + S + hadn’t + V3/-ed • Ex: My parents didn’t understand me • I wish my parents had understood me • Not true in the future • S+ wish(es) + S + would + V1 • S + wish(es) + S + wouldn’t + V1 • Ex: What a pity! She won’t come with us tomorrow • We wish she would come with us tomorrow Exercises • The weather is awful today • I wish……… • She doesn’t meet her friend in the park • I wish……… • The student can’t finish this exercise • I wish……… • We had a lot of mistake in the test • I wish……… • She is very ill today • I wish she (be)………… tomorrow • The last night movie was very bad • She wishes she it …………… better (were, weren’t, had been, hadn’t been) • She isn’t at the party • I wish she……… here • I am sorry I am late for school • I wish……… Prepositions • Preposition of time: after, at, before, behind, by, during, for, from, in, on (upon), since, through (out), toward (s), until, till, within… • In: trước buổi ngày, tháng, năm, mùa, địa danh, đất nước • On: trước ngày tháng, trươc ngày tuần • Ở trên: on TV • Vào kỳ nghỉ: On holiday/On a trip • Đi bộ: On foot • Tự kiếm sống: Living on my own • At: thời gian, nơi chốn, dịp lễ • Lúc giờ: At o’clock/By o’clock • Tại sân bay: At the airport • Vào độ tuổi: at the age of • Lúc bắt đầu/lúc cuối: At the beginning of/At the end of… • At school, at work, at home, at night, at christmas • Preposition of place: about, above, across, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, by, in, off, on (upon), over, through, to, toward(s) under, within, without… • Preposition of cause, reason, motive: at, for, from , of, on, over, through, with (vì, do, ) • Preposition of aim or purpose: after (theo), for (vì), on (vào), to (cho)… Reported speech • Câu tường thuật (câu gián tiếp): kể cho nghe người khác nói nói Cách chuyển: • Lặp lại động từ giới thiệu SAY chuyển sang TELL SAY có bổ túc từ gián tiếp ( dạng SAY TO + Object ) • Dùng liên từ THAT thay cho dấu hai chấm, sau bỏ dấu ngoặc kép Chuyển đại từ nhân xưng tính từ sở hữu , cần thiết tùy theo nghĩa câu Ví dụ : I -> He/She ; me -> his , her Nếu động từ giới thiệu câu nói đơn, thay đổi đại từ tính từ cho phù hợp • Ex: “I’m trying to get a taxi” Tom says to Mary • Tom tells Mary that he is trying to get a taxi • Nếu động từ giới thiệu câu nói trực tiếp dạng khứ chuyển sang câu tường thuật , động từ câu tường thuật thay đổi theo quy luật sau • am, is, are was, were • V1/s/es V2/ed • Can could • May might • Will would • Shall should • Must had to • Don’t/doesn’t didn’t • Has/have had • V2/Ved had Ved/3 • Đổi đại từ nhân xưng: ngơi theo subject • I she/he/I • My her/ his/ my • Me her/him/me • We they • Our/us their/them • Ex: He said that “ I have lost my umbrella” • He said that he had lost his umbrella • Các đại từ nhân xưng tính từ sở hữu ngơi thứ ba không đổi: he, him, his, she, her, they, them, their • Ex: He said that “They went to school yesterday” • He said that they had gone to school the day before • Chỉ định hạn từ (demonstrative determiners) • This that • These • Here those there • Today that day • Yesterday the day before, the previous day • Tomorrow the next day, the following day • Now then • Next week the following week • Last month • A year ago the previous month a year before • The day before yesterday :two days before • The day after tomorrow: in two day’s time • “Please as I said”, he told us • He asked us to as he had said • “Don’t argue with your parents, please”, I said • I asked them not to argue with their parents • “Do you know this man?” she said to them • She asked them if/whether they knew that man • “Why don’t you like pop music?” he asked me • He asked me why I didn’t like pop music Bài tập Change the following sentences into reported speech: • I said to her “ I have something to give you” • • The thief ordered the landlady “Open the safe immediately, please.” • • He asked me “Does she go shopping with you?” • • They asked me “How much milk did you buy?” • • “Nothing grows in my garden It never gets any sun,” she said • • “I am going away tomorrow, mother” he said • • “It isn’t foggy today as it was yesterday,” I remarked • • He said, “My wife has just bought a new house.” • • “I’ll come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to me • • “You can keep that book if you like it, Ann” I said • • “I know exactly what they said,” he told me • • She said, “My father will take me to Da Lat next week” • • “I had an English lesson this evening,” said the small boy • • “I wrote to him on Sunday,” she said to me • • “If you press this button, you can hear the songs,” she said to me • • “If you leave home at six, you should be here by nine,” he said to me • • “Why don’t you like pop music?” he asked me • • “Where were you last night, Peter?” My father asked • • “Are there any stadium near the school?” they asked me Inversion • What are you looking for? • Are you reading the magazine? • I’m very hungry So is he • • We don’t like beer Neither they Một số trạng từ đưa lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh chúng theo sau trợ động từ chủ ngữ (đảo ngữ) • Under no circumstances can we cash the cheques • At no time was the President aware of what was happening • Not until much later did she learn who her real father was • Hardly had I arrived when trouble started • Seldom have I seen such an interesting film • Little did he realize the danger he faced • Never does she behave like that • Only then did I understand what she meant • Only after her death did I recognize she was my mother • Not only did we lose our money but we were nearly killed • Not a single word did she say • On no condition are they to fire • In no case can you come out of the room • Trong câu điều kiện đảo were had lên trước chủ ngữ bỏ chữ if • If I were a billionaire, I would buy that castle • Were I a billionaire, I would buy that castle • Had we not spent all the money already, we would have lent you some Expression of quantity • Most pupils are fond of picture books • Most beer is very cheap but some beer is expensive • Most of them are intelligent • Many=a large number of (friends) • Much = a few number of (money) • A few oranges (some) • Few: friends (hardly many) • A little : beer (not much) • Little: time (hardly any) • None of this money is mine • Some of the people at the party were very friendly • All of us live in London • Half of them moved to New York last month • Neither of the children want (s) to go to bed • Both Tom and Ann were late • Neither he nor she comes here • Someone wants to see you • Is anybody there? Comparison of adjective • So sánh (comparison of equality) • S1 + V + Adj/Adv+As+S2+V+O • She is as tall as her mother • I drive as carefully as he does/him • So sánh (inferiority) • S1+V+not + as/so+adj/adv+As+S2+V+O • S1+V+Less+Long adj/adv • She is not as tall as her mother • He drives less carelessly than she does • So sánh (comparative) • S1+V+short adj-er+than+S2+V+O • short adv-er • Ex: He is taller than me • He types faster than me • S1+V+More+Long+adj/adv+than+S2+V+O • I drive more carefully than him • So sánh nhất: superlative • S+V+ the short adj-est+in/of+noun phrase • the most Long adj • Ex: He is the fastest worker in my company • Tom is the most careless driver that I’ve ever known Irregular adjective • Good/well better best • Bad/badly worse worst • Many/much most more • Little less • Old older/elder oldest/eldest • Far least farther/further farthest/furthest • So sánh kép • The+short adj/adv-er +S+V, The+ short adj/adv-er+S +V • The+more long adj/adv+S+V, The more long adj/adv +S+V • The warmer the weather is, the better I feel • The earlier we leave, the sooner we arrive ... lately,so far, till now, up to now Present Perfect Progressive: Thì hoàn thành tiếp diễn Sử dụng: Nhấn mạnh hoảng thời gian việc tồn (không phải kết quả), hành động gần hoàn hành cịn tiếp tục, hành... N: He had not been speaking Q: Had he been speaking? Future Simple : Thì tương lai đơn Sử dụng: Hành động xảy tương lại mà không bị ảnh hưởng, định lúc nói, giả định tương lai A: He will speak... Can, • - could, must • NẾU TRONG CÂU ACTIVE CÓ VERBS OF PERCEPTION (động từ tri giác): SEE, WATCH, HEAR, MAKE… • Thì động từ theo sau khơng TO chuyển thành động từ có