Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
– Cũng như các nội động từ thường, không có túc từ đi theo, loại phrasal verb này không dùng ở thể thụ động (passive) nên bạn không nghe dân bản xứ nói “Our car was broken down...”, “ [r]
(1)I. CONNECTIVES: AND, BUT, BECAUSE, OR, SO, THEREFORE, HOWEVER
CÁC TỪ NỐI: VÀ, NHƯNG, BỞI VÌ, HOẶC, CHO NÊN, DO ĐĨ, TUY NHIÊN
Connectives (các từ nối): and, but, because, or, so, therefore, however có chức nối từ, mệnh đề, câu lại với
1 And (và): dùng để thêm thơng tin vào câu nói
EX: My hobbies are playing soccer and listening to music But (nhưng): dùng để nêu lên hai thông tin đối ngược EX: I want other car but I have no money
3 Or (hoặc): dùng để giới thiệu khả khác EX: Would you like tea or coffee?
4 So (do đó, cho nên, vậy): dùng để kết quả, hệ quả, phía trước so ln có dấu phẩy ngăn cách
EX: It’s raining, so I’ll stay home and read
5 Because (bởi vì): dùng để nguyên nhân, đứng trước mệnh đề phụ thuộc EX: I failed in my exam because I didn’t study
6 Therefore (do đó, cho nên): dùng để nêu lên kết việc nhắc đến câu trước
EX: I passed the test; therefore, my parents took me to the circus
7 However (tuy nhiên): dùng để giới thiệu việc có ý nghĩa trái ngược với việc nhắc trước
EX: I feel sleepy, however, I must finish the report II Cụm động từ (phrasal verb) cách dùng 1 Định nghĩa
Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs) kết hợp động từ từ nhỏ
(particle) Từ nhỏ, particle(s), trạng từ (adverb), giới từ (preposition), hai:
Ex: The rich man gave away most of his fortune
Người giàu có tặng hầu hết tài sản ông ta cho người nghèo.) 2 Cách dùng
PHRASAL VERBS CĨ THỂ ĐĨNG VAI TRỊ là:
– Ngoại động từ (transitive): theo sau danh từ đại danh từ với chức túc từ (object) động từ
– Nội động từ (intransitive): khơng có túc từ theo sau NỘI ĐỘNG TỪ: Intransitive phrasal verbs
– Khơng có túc từ – động từ particle (thường trạng từ- adverb) sát nhau:
(2)Ex: Our car broke down and had to be towed to a garage (Xe bị hư phải kéo chỗ sửa.)
– Cũng nội động từ thường, khơng có túc từ theo, loại phrasal verb không dùng thể thụ động (passive) nên bạn khơng nghe dân xứ nói “Our car was broken down ”, “ The magazine Time is come out ”
– Một số intransitive phrasal verbs thông dụng: break down, come back, fall
through, get by, get up, go on, grow up, look out, show up, shut up, sit down, stand up, stay on, take off, turn up, watch out
NGOẠI ĐỘNG TỪ: Transitive phrasal verbs Được chia làm HAI NHÓM, tùy theo vị trí túc từ:
– NHĨM 1: động từ ‘particle’ sau ‘particle’: Ex: I took my shoes off./ I took off my shoes
(Tôi cởi giầy ra.)
Ex: He admitted he’d made up the whole thing./ He admitted he’d made the whole thing up
(Anh ta thú nhận bịa chuyện.)
– NHÓM 2: Nhưng túc từ đại danh từ (những chữ this, that, it, them,me,her him đại danh từ đứng động từ ‘particle’: Ex: I took them off (NOT I took off them)
Ex: He admitted he’d made it up (NOT He admitted he’d made up it)
NGOẠI LỆ:
Có nhiều phrasal verbs vừa transitive intransitive Ngữ cảnh cho biết chức với nghĩa chúng:
Ex: The plane took off at seven o’clock (Máy bay cất cánh lúc giờ.)
– He took off his hat and bowed politely as the teacher passed (Nó cất mũ cúi chào lễ phép thầy ngang.)
– I am taking this Friday off to get something done around the house (Tôi nghỉ thứ sáu để làm việc nhà)
– He’s been taken off the medication (Nó vừa ngừng uống thuốc.)
– Son takes off his English teacher perfectly (Sơn bắt chước ông thầy người Anh tài.)
III MAKING SUGGESTIONS (Đưa lời đề nghị). 1 LET’S + V + O/ A.
g.: Let’s go swimming (Chúng ta bơi đi.) 2 SHALL WE + V + O/A?
Eg.: Shall we eat out this evening? (Tôi ăn tiệm đi.) Shall we help that old man? (Chúng ta giúp đỡ ông cụ nhé?) 3 HOW/ WHAT ABOUT + gerund/ Noun?
(3)(Chúng ta ăn tối tiệm đi?) How about a game of badminton? (Chúng ta chơi ván cầu lông đi?) 4 WHY DON’T WE + V + O/ A?
Eg.: Why don't we go to the movies? (Chúng ta xem phim đi?) Để trả lời cho câu đề nghị, dùng :
Đồng ý: - Yes, let’s - OK Good idea - Great Go ahead - Sounds interesting Không đồng ý: - No, let's not
- I don’t think it’s a good idea - No Why don’t we + V .?
Ở này, đưa lời đề nghị với động từ SUGGEST Is + suggest + gerund + O/A
Eg.: I suggest going swimming (Tôi đề nghị bơi ) Tom suggested playing badminton
(Tom dề nghị chơi cầu lông.)
S + suggest + that + s + should + V + O/A
Eg.: They suggest that everyone should save electricity (Họ đề nghị người nên tiết kiệm điện.)
People suggested that the government should improve the education system (Dẫn chứng đề nghị phủ cải tiến hệ thống giáo dục.)
Chủ ý:
- Từ “THAT” mẫu câu không bỏ
- Mệnh đề theo sau “suggest” present subjunctive (hiện giả định/ bàng thái)
g.: The doctor suggested that he drink a lot of lemonade (Bác sĩ đề nghị anh uống nhiều nước chanh.)
The toacher suggests that Bill a lot of exercises (Giáo viên đề nghị Bill làm nhiều tập.)
Ghi nhớ: Thì giả định
* với: “I think we should + V + O/A.” (Tôi nghĩ nên .)
Eg.: I think we should collect old clothes (Tôi nghĩ nên thu nhặt quần áo cũ.)
I think we should not permit children to ride motorbikes
(4)I Choose the word in each group that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1 A compare B area C many D stamp
2 A model B solid C solar D profitable
3 A bulb B consumer C plumber D luxury A chopstick B check C champagne D chair A recent B efficient C faucet D receive
II Choose the words that has a different stress pattern from the others. A account B compare C conserve D chopstick
2 A faucet B hobby C household D install A communicate B effectively C efficiency D innovation A innovation B separation C installation D environment A economic B limitation C reputation D infrastructure
III Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences. We decided not to go out for meal _ we were too tired A but B because C so D and
2 My shoes are dirty I'd better take them before I come in A always B up C on D off
3 If you want to save money, you should he amount of water your family uses
A increase B reduce C adapt D repair
4 Who is going to your children when you're at work? A look for B look up C look after D look out Mary's eyes are weak, , she has to wear glasses A but B however C and D therefore
6 If there is a mechanical problem, we suggest _ the manufacturer directly
A contact B contacting C to contact D be contacted Our energy will soon come to an end if we don't it
A use B save C spend D take
8 The children like to put _- nice clothes when they go out A in B off C into D on
9 I like bananas, my brother doesn't
A because B but C and D even though 10 Please turn the gas I want to cook my lunch A over B on C in D over
(5)A so B because C but D and 12 Her parents saw her _ at the railway station A in B for C up D off
13 Can you turn the light? It's too dark A on B off C in D for
14 What are you looking ? My picture book I've lost it A for B off C in D on
15 There are saving methods and inventions to use solar energy A energy B energize C energetic D energetic 16 I had to pay much money this month for the international A calls B calling C to call D called
17 A new air-conditioner will be this morning
A installed B to install C installing D to install
18 Scientists are looking for an way to reduce energy consumption A effective B affection C effect D effectively
19 We can easily in the daylight
A read B to read C reading D readed 20 She won't take all these suitcases she likes to travel light A because B but C so D therefore
21 They are completely short of water now A number of people have died because of this
A shortage B short C shorten D shortly 22 She is very tired , she has to finish her homework A however B so C and D moreover 23 Is he an actor singer?
A or B and C with D so
24 He's tired, he took a rest before continuing the work A so B and C but D if
25 I have to off the gas before going out A turning B turn C to turn D turned
26 I suggest money for the poor people in our neighborhood A saving B to save C save D saved
27 Who looks your children when you are away from home? A after B at C for D to
29 We decided not to go out for meal we were too tired A but B because C so D and
30 My shoes are dirty I'd better take them I come in A away B up C on D off
(6)A increase B reduce C adapt D repair
32 In order to save electricity, an ordinary 100-watt light bulb can be replaced by
A a 1000-watt light B a lamp C an electric bulb D an energy-saving bulb
33 Who is going to your children when you're at work? A look for B look up C look after D look out 34 Mary's eyes are weak, , she has to wear glasses
A but B however C and D therefore
35 If there is a mechanical problem, we suggest the manufacturer directly A contact B to contact C contacting D be contacted
36 put on the guests on the first floor?
A Why don't we B I suggest C How about D Let's
IV- Read the following passage Put a circle round the letter of the correct word or words to use in each blank.
When the man first learns how to make a fire, he began to use fuel for the first time The first fuel he used was probably wood As time passed man eventually discovered that substances such as coal and oil (1)
Coal (2) _ very widely as a source of energy until the end of the 19th century With the coming of the industrial revolution, it was soon realized that production (3) _if coal was used instead of wood Nowadays, many of the huge factories and electricity generating stations (4) _ to function if there was no coal
In the last forty or fifty years, however, the use of coal (5) _ as a result, there have been changes in the coal industry It (6) _ that more people (7) _ coal if oil and gas were not readily available
There is mote than enough coal in the world for man's needs for the next two hundred years if our use of coal (8) _ Unfortunately, however, about half of the world's coal (9) _ Mining much of it (10) _ very
expensive even if it was possible to use new equipment
1 A- are burning B- would burn C- have burn D- were burnt
2 A- nit used B- did not use C- not using D- was not used
3 A- doubles B- had doubled C- will double D- would double
(7)5 A- has declined B- will decline C- declines D- would decline
6 A- believed B- is believing C- believing D- is believed
7 A- would use B- used C- use D- will use A- did not increase B- would not increase
C- does not increase D- may not increase
9 A- would never use B- may never be used C- may never use D- would never be used