Nghiên cứu về cảm xúc của giáo viên đối với hoạt động dạy học qua tự thuật của giáo viên trung học phổ thông​

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ THU UYÊN FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHERS’ EMOTION IN TEACHING: A NARRATIVE INQUIRY AT A HIGH SCHOOL ( Nghiên cứu cảm xúc giáo viên hoạt động dạy học qua tự thuật giáo viên trung học phổ thông ) M.A Minor Thesis Field: English Teaching Methodology HANOI - 2020 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ THU UYÊN FACTORS AFFECTING TEACHERS’ EMOTION IN TEACHING: A NARRATIVE INQUIRY AT A HIGH SCHOOL ( Nghiên cứu cảm xúc giáo viên hoạt động dạy học qua tự thuật giáo viên trung học phổ thông ) M.A Minor Thesis Field: English Teaching Methodology Code: 8140231.01 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Lê Văn Canh HANOI – 2020 DECLARATION I hereby certify the thesis entitled “ Factors affecting teachers‟ emotion in teaching: A narrative inquiry at a high school” as my own work in the fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at the University of Language and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi Hanoi, 2020 Nguyễn Thị Thu Uyên i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank all of those who helped me complete this study First, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my beloved supervisor, Assoc Dr Le Van Canh, for his enthusiastic and careful guidance as well as his encouragements he gave me while I was doing this study Second, I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to my respectful lectures in Faculty of Post-Graduated Department at University of Languages and International Studies for the devotion and their useful lectures Last but not least, I would also like to thank all of the participants in this study, who took time from their busy schedules to take part in my research ii ABSTRACT The study aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the causes that were influential towards emotion of the teachers who were selected from different high school The study was adopted as a qualitative research method and the narrative inquiry was used The data of the study were collected with participants‟ narratives Content analysis method was used in analyzing the data In accordance with the research aims, this study identified themes As a result of the coding of the data obtained at the end of the research, the following themes (1) Professional commitment, (2) Students, (3) Collegiality, (4) Financial were determined as the four themes of the study Through all these can be illustrated the role of emotions on the teaching work They are part of working environment and definitely affect with various ways Either positive either negative its research help to elicit the keys for success and to avoid non desired results on workplace iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale for the study 1.2 Aims of the study 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Scope of the study 1.5 Significances of the study 1.6 Structure of the thesis .3 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Defining emotion 2.2.Teachers‟ Performance 2.3 Teachers‟ emotion and its effect on teachers‟ performance 2.4 Previous studies on teachers' emotion 2.5 The previous studies on factors affecting teachers' work performance .9 2.5.1 Lack of interest in teaching profession 2.5.2 Inadequate Salary and other Benefits 10 2.5.3 Characteristics of the school work Environment 13 2.6 Narrative Research Tradition 15 2.7 Summary 18 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 19 Research Methodology 19 3.2 Qualitative Research Design 19 3.3 What is narrative inquiry? 19 The Reason and Context for Using Narratives 22 3.5 Researcher‟s Role 23 iv 3.6 Area of study 3.7 Sample Design 3.7 Participants 3.7 Sample Size 3.8 Data Collection 3.9 Data Analysis 3.10 Coding of the data into themes 3.11 Reliability and Validity Validation 3.12 Summary CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 Data analysis of the four themes 4.1.1 Theme 1: Professional commitment 4.1.2 Theme 2: Students 4.1.3 Theme 3: 4.1.4 Theme 4: 4.2 Findings and discussion 4.2.1 Professional commitment 4.2.2 Students 4.2.3 Collegiality 4.2.4 Financial 4.3 Summary CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Recapitulation 5.2 Concluding remarks 5.3 Limitation of the current research 5.4 Recommendations 5.4.1 Recommendation and policy implications 5.4.2 Recommendations and suggestions for future research REFERENCES APPENDICES APPENDIX A Email to Potential Participants APPENDIX B Informed Consent to Participate in a Research Study APPENDIX C Participants‟ narratives APPENDIX D Thank You Email to Participants vi LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Participant profiles (All names are pseudonyms) 26 Table 2.Codes, Categories, and Themes 28 vii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION This part introduces the rationale, the aims, the research questions, the methods and the scope of the study It also concludes with a presentation of the organization of the thesis 1.1 Rationale for the study Education is one of the most important elements that energize the development of society It is a base for socio-economic, cultural and political development of a country It enables individuals to acquire knowledge, skills, ability and attitudes and make them full participate in the development process of a country To gain the development of the country, each nation has its own strategies but none of them care for education Education is considered as one of the most important keys to the development One of the integral elements contributing to a good education is teacher Teachers are dedicated professionals who have a lasting impact on students "Being a teacher means allowing a person to leverage strengths and passion as a leader and organizer in the education field As a guider and role model, students will be inspired by teachers' commitment to helping them develop their unique talents and intellect (Kelly S, 2018)".While the majority highly consider knowledge, abilities and skills as the most essential parts of successful lessons and promotion of teaching quality, teachers' emotions themselves still play an important role The teachers, who play an important role in the productivity and quality of the educational organizations, are humans rather than machines and also these directly serve the business of the country and develop the behaviors of the social life According to the criteria of the staff, educational, scientific, cultural, artistic, sportive activities and central examination system, the teachers who start from teaching have the right to progress in national education career stages (Boyacı, 2016) It has not been organized in any exam for career stages about 10 years Therefore, the teachers are waiting for their career steps On the other APPENDICES APPENDIX A Email to Potential Participants My name is Nguyễn Thị Thu Uyên I am a post graduated student at ULIS , where I am completing requirements for a MA thesis I am seeking participants for my qualitative study of factors effecting teachers‟ emotion Specifically, the purpose of my research is to explore your experiences in relations to the career and how your emotion affected As a teacher who wants to advance in a career, this topic is of personal and professional interest to me The main research question was: What are the factors effecting teachers‟ emotion in teaching? Participation in this study will be in the form of a narrative This will be our opportunity to get to know each other briefly and to establish your understanding about participation I will answer any questions you might have, ask demographic information, and ask if you feel comfortable in telling your career-relevant and emotion - relevant experiences The narrative will follow after that Participation is voluntary, confidential, and there will be no personally identifying information about you in the study Even if you agree to participate, you may withdraw at any time If you decide to participate, please send an email to me at thuuyenkc@gmail.com If you have any questions about my study or would like further information, please not hesitate to contact me I look forward to hearing from you, Sincerely Yours, Nguyen ThiThu Uyen Email: thuuyenkc@gmail.com Telephone: 0913366633 I APPENDIX B Informed Consent to Participate in a Research Study Investigators: Nguyễn Thị Thu Uyên Title of Project: I invite you to take part in a qualitative research study The object of this study is to explore factors affecting teacher's emotion Participation process: This letter will explain what participation in the study means, but if you have further questions, please ask Your participation is voluntary and you not have to participate if you not want to After you have read this document, and made a decision, please advise me If you choose to participate, I will ask you to sign this statement I will provide you a signed copy for your records I am asking you to be in this study because you meet the following criteria:  You are teacher  You are at least - year experienced teacher at a high school system If you decide to take part in this study, I will ask you to write a narrative about your career from the beginning to present as well as your emotion during your teaching work What affects your teaching career, both negative and positive things? Once a narrative text is done and emailed me, I will provide a copy to you so you may review and add any additional comments The following actions will maintain confidentiality of your responses: Pseudonyms will be used  The narrative will be saved in a password protected (secure) USB flash drive in locked cabinet at researcher‟s home II A separate, locked file cabinet (in a different location) will hold the list of participants „names, their pseudonyms, and their signed consent forms At the conclusion of the study, the narrative will be destroyed The possible risk, harm, discomfort, or inconvenience to you from participating in this study is minimal Your personal identity as a participant in this study protected Your part in this study will be confidential, and only the researcher on this study will see the information about you No reports or publications will use information that can identify you in any way Your participation in this research is voluntary You not have to participate if you not want to Even if you begin the study, you may quit at any time There will be no direct benefit to you for taking part in the study; however, the information learned from this study may provide valuable information for teachers and educators If you have questions or problems, please contact Nguyễn Thị Thu Uyên at 0913366633 (voice mail is confidential) or by email at thuuyenkc@gmail.com Sincerely Yours, Nguyễn Thị Thu Uyên If you agree to participate in this study, please read, initial directly below, and sign at the bottom of the page III Documentation of Informed Consent Read the statements that follow and place your initials in the box to the right of the statement, then proceed to the signature area further below I understand the information presented on this form I have discussed this study, its risks and potential benefits, and other options with the researcher, Malisa Komolthiti I have received answers to the questions I have asked up to this point My signature below indicates my willingness to participate in this study My signature below affirms my understanding that I can withdraw from the study at any time IV APPENDIX C Participants’ narratives P1’s Narrative My full name is… I am thirty-four years old I am living in Hung Yen province I am teaching at Khoai Chau High school I have been teaching English for eleven years When I was young, I would like to become an English teacher because I like English After graduating university, I applied for English teacher at Khoai Chau High school I walked into the grade 10 and the students were going crazy Like they knew a new teacher was coming in They asked me some questions about myself It wasn‟t long before they were settled and started drilling me with questions, trying to learn more about me, where I was from, and why I was there Being a new teacher is incredibly overwhelming It is an exhausting year while you try to keep yourself organized and your students Be prepared for a lot of long days and late nights It is also however, an exciting time because you are starting your career Seeing your students' eyes light up when they see you and when they are excited about something they have learned is amazing Most of my colleagues are really get engaged in doing school tasks They help me a lot in finishing teaching duties Teaching, examining, assessment, plans are hard work, if there no help from workmate, I surely cannot finish them After two years of teaching, I found my work hard and difficult I was acquainted with my colleagues and my teaching I always have a lot of things to at school and at home to prepare for the lesson Sometimes, I feel exhausted with working and the bad students On contrary, I feel happy when my students have better results in my subject I take pride in my job because students will become more mature and have a good job by the benefit from English V Although, I like my job, the salary is not satisfied The salary is low I got about two million per month for three first year That is not enough for life Step by step, my salary is higher Now I get over million per month However, I have two daughters who are studying at Primary School Therefore, I can‟t save money for the future The policies in the education field are low The standard of teacher‟s living is not good If they want to have better life, they have to work part time I hope the salary of teacher will be higher than now I think when the salary and policies for teachers are better, the quality of teaching will be improved VI P2’s Narrative I am a teacher of English in a gifted high school in a mountainous area I have been working for nine years I am an introvert person as I am reserved and I spend little time socializing with other people I am diligent as I devote a large amount of time to learning English, researching, teaching methodologies, downloading, compiling and adapting English materials Besides, I am a responsible person who always tries my best to get things done in an effective way Reasons for choosing teaching as a career In grade 12, I had excellent academic result but had the only option of enrolling in the college of International Languages and studies of Vietnam National University I had little idea of my future job then I chose this school owing to my father‟s career orientation After graduation from university, I pass several challenge tests to become a teacher in a gifted high school Emotions in the early stage of career It is not easy to have an opportunity to work in a gifted high school so I felt very proud of myself and satisfied with my job I spent a lot of time self-studying, improving my teaching methods I lived in harmony with other colleagues I loved my job so I tried to win students‟ heart I want to be succeed I was afraid of making my students dissatisfied as it meant that I would receive complaints from the principal In class, I was friendly and helpful Different games and activities were implemented to create a comfortable, relaxing atmosphere in class Although being afraid of students, I still loved them and my teaching job I have the desire to become a popular teacher Emotion after nine years of teaching I feel satisfied with my current salary as I receive 70% allowance besides the basic salary My family is supportive of my job My parents and husband help VII me with the most of household chores Apart from some jealous teachers, most of my colleagues are enthusiastic, dedicated to their jobs so they are not concerned much with others‟ business Therefore we live in harmony with each other Students in my school are active, disciplined and diligent The principals has some good qualities that affect positively on my work For example : valuation of idea , fairness, problem solving skills, openness to criticism, tolerance, empathy, kindness, soft As a gifted high school, my school receives the attention and investment from parents and the provincial authorities In general, I have a favorable working condition Expectations As a teacher in a gifted high school, I am under pressure of training and having students winning the prizes in national exams for excellent students I consume a lot of time for that mission and I realize that it only benefits a minor proportion of students I hope that the exams for excellent students should be abolished so that teachers like me can spend more time and efforts for equipping students with necessary skills in life, not just techniques to achieve prizes in exam VIII P3’s Narrative I am ……, I was born in Ham Yen district, Tuyen Quang province in 1983 I was born in a poor family so I always dreamed to become a successful business woman I tried to learn to enter the Banking Academy to work as a manager but my mother wanted me to become a teacher because it was easy to get a job in a mountainous province as Tuyen Quang at that time and it was a good job with high salary Besides, studying in a University of Education is feefree so I changed my dream and that was the reason for my now job I worked as a teacher from 2006 I started my job at a small school in Tuyen Quang province where there were many ethnic minority students They couldn‟t study English well as I expected With a little hopeless, but I love my school where I worked because there were many young teachers, and we were happy and energetic After years, I worked there, I got married and moved to Hung Yen province and I have been working in Hung yen since then The students in H Y are better at English than those in TQ, so I try to study more to adapt to students‟ ability I love my job now because I love young students They are lovely and they make me feel younger Moving to a new working environment, and getting in touch with eminent colleagues helps me to be a better reproduction When you see your friends and see that they are constantly dealing with something new, you also try to more, and better and even some investigation Of course if you see that people around you are constantly sitting, it‟s not encouragable, I like competition as long as it is friendly It‟s through competition that bring the students higher level up and I am always looking for such creative competitions Most of my colleagues are really get engaged in doing school tasks They help me a lot in finishing teaching duties Teaching, examining, assessment, plans are hard work, if there no help from workmate, I surely cannot finish them IX In fact, my job is not a good job nowadays We are working so much because my school is lacking English teachers We are always tired because overwork Moreover, policy of salary is not good for teachers now The salary of many other jobs is higher than that of teaching job I always try to work better I hope to get preferential polices to encourager my contribution to the job I and my colleagues hope that we get higher salary , If we have a good standard of living we concentrate to my work X P4’s Narrative My name is …… I was born in Thanh Hoa Now I am living in Hung Yen with my husband and my two children I am 36 years old and my career is an English teacher I become a teacher because of my parents‟ expectation and my hobby Firstly, my parents expect me to get a stable job that is suitable with the habitus of my health Secondly, I have professional love I love children I want to take care of them, teach them how to read, how to write, how to listen and show them the beautiful things of this life When I got this job, I felt excited to devote my youth and share the knowledge to students I never gave up no matter there are so many difficulties at the first stage After 10 years of teaching, I find teaching work has both honorness and challenge It brings me stable respectable job, students' love However, It also has some difficulties such as too many students in a class, multi-level students Sometimes, I feel exhausted with working and the bad students On contrary, I feel happy when my students have better results in my subject I take pride in my job because students will become more mature and have a good job by the benefit from English Another thing makes me feel not really satisfied with my career is relationship among colleagues Sometimes I get unequal distribution of tasks, less collaboration from other teacher and unfriendly competition , when you see your friends and see that they are constantly dealing with something new, you also try to more, and better and even some investigation Of course if you see that people around you are constantly sitting, it‟s not encouragable, I like competition as long as it is friendly It‟s through competition that bring the students higher level up and I am always looking for such creative competitions XI Gradually I realize that teaching career is a hard job with low salary I would like to mention about income I have been teaching for more than 11 years, but I just only receive about six million VN I get stress not only from students and their parents but also from many kinds of competitions and workshops Hopefully, the government will concern about raising salary and reducing some unnecessary documents and competitions XII P5’s Narrative Being born in the subsidy period, and also a daughter of a teacher made pedagogy career be my destiny During my childhood, I used to love to play the game “teacher” When I grew up, that interest had been following me and helping me to find a job for my life Throughout those days of purchasing training process and then joining my internship course, the former feelings of worry and fret remain intact in my mind On the contrary to my expectation, there were range of problems during the time I applied for the official employment So I let things happen, I undertook a task as an educator in the supplementary school in my local because there was no high school offered me a position I was just years older than my students there Fortunately, they were not so naughty as I had imaged Every attentional eyesight, every lilt pen strokes, every different family conditions as well as my juvenescence and my burning passion make me love my students unconditionally At that time, many of my colleagues decided to leave their job to start their own business In spite of my measly pay and no extra classes as well as other additional expenses, never before had I made up my mind to give up on my dream work Afterwards, it was my old students who became successful ones No matter how long we had been distant from each other, I was still in my twenties and they were 17,18, and those same old pure memories stayed vivid in our mind when we got together After ten years has passed, the educational system has been renovated, supplementary schools were restricted and replaced by high schools and I once again change my workplace My high school students, chronologically, every course, every emotional state varied, my life also got better and better: I had my own house and motorbike, my children grew up; I myself promoted my speciality and collected life lessons However, there is always a burning passion in my heart Of course, there must be some handful students that sometimes let me down but also some that make me feel unforgettable Maybe, teacher is the only job that can preserve the priceless school-age memories permanently Up to XIII now, I am in my fifties and more than thirties in my career but I have never regretted my choice Regardless of time, ups and downs in my life, if I had chance to select again, like the beginning, I would surely fill in my employment application: Teacher XIV APPENDIX D Thank You Email to Participants (to be sent within 24 hours after receiving narrative) Dear _ Thank you for sharing your experiences with me I appreciate your taking the time to so If you may provide me with any additional thoughts, ideas, or reflections you have had since we conducted the interview, please not hesitate to contact me You may respond to this email or call me, whichever you prefer Sincerely Yours, Nguyen Thi Thu Uyen Email: thuuyenkc@gmail.com Telephone: 0913366633 XV ... EMOTION IN TEACHING: A NARRATIVE INQUIRY AT A HIGH SCHOOL ( Nghiên cứu cảm xúc giáo viên hoạt động dạy học qua tự thuật giáo viên trung học phổ thông ) M.A Minor Thesis Field: English Teaching Methodology... used a qualitative research design and a narrative research tradition to capture these experiences and the meaning making process 3.2 Qualitative Research Design The key characteristics of qualitative... a researcher must remember, unlike quantitative research, qualitative research normally studies a few individuals or a few cases, because the purpose of a qualitative research is to gain an in-depth