VERBPATTERNS I. TO-INFINITIVE: 1. Làm chủ ngữ: Ex: To visit her is all that I desired. 2. Làm bổ ngữ: Ex: What I like is to swim in the sea and then to lie on the warm sand. 3. Sau các động từ sau: V + To-Inf Accept Agree Arrange Attempt Decide Deserve … Determine Desire Expect Fail Hesitate Hope Intend Learn Manage Mean (có ý định) Neglect Offer Plan Prefer Pretend Prepare Promise Refuse Seem Threaten Try (cố gắng) Want Wish Would like Ex: He didn’t want to be left alone. She decided to study abroad. To-Inf cũng được sử dụng sau các ngữ động từ sau: Make up one’s mind (quyết định) + To-Inf Make sure (chắc chắn) + To-Inf Have a chance + To-Inf = Have an opportunity + To-Inf V + O + To-Inf Advise Allow Ask Assume (thừa nhận) Beg Consider Enable Encourage Expect Forbid Force Invite Order Permit Persuade Prefer Teach Tell Urge (thúc giục) Warn … Ex: He advised me to give up smoking. 4. Sau các tính từ: Afraid Amused Annoyed Anxious Ashamed Astonished Boring Careful Curious Dangerous Determined Difficult Eager Easy Hard Grateful Happy … S + be + Adj + To-Inf It + be + Adj + (for sb) + To-Inf Ex: I am curious to know the news. It’s + adj + to V = Ving + to be + adj Ex: It’s very useful to know English nowadays. = Knowing English is very useful nowadays 5. Sau những từ hỏi như: WHAT, WHO, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, WHICH… Ex: He discovered how to open the safe. She couldn’t think what to say. 6. Được dùng để chỉ mục đích: Ex: He saved money to buy a bicycle. 7. Được dùng trong các cấu trúc sau: It takes + somebody + (time) + To-inf Ex: It takes me fifteen minutes to walk to school. S + V + TOO + adj/adv + (for sb) + To-inf Ex: He is too young to get married. S + V + adj/adv + ENOUGH + (for sb) + To-inf S + V + ENOUGH + Noun + (for sb) + To-inf Ex: He is not old enough to get married. II. BARE INFINITIVE: 1. Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết (can, may, must, will, shall, should…) Ex: I can speak English. 2. Sau các ngữ động từ như: had better, would rather… Ex: We would rather not go with him. 3. Sau động từ MAKE, LET Make + O + Inf Let Ex: The news made him look anxious. Note: Be made + To-Inf (passive voice) Be let III. V-ING 1. Làm chủ ngữ: Ex: Dancing bored him 2. Làm bổ ngữ: Ex: Her hobby is painting 3. Sau các động từ sau: V + V-ing Admit Avoid Appreciate consider delay deny enjoy finish mention mind miss postpone practise quit recall risk suggest imagine keep like dislike love hate … ex: We enjoy playing football V + O + V-ing call catch discover find imagine keep leave feel hear … Ex: I caught him reading my letter. Note: S + SPEND/WASTE + (time/money) + V-ing / on something Ex: I spent two years working in London. PREFER + V-ing + TO + V-ing = WOULD RATHER + Inf + THAN + Inf Ex: I would rather go to the cinema than stay at home. I prefer going to the cinema to staying at home. 4. Sau giới từ: a. Verbs + prep + V-ing : to thank for, to look forward to, to insist on, to give up, to put off, to forgive sb for, to prevent sb from, to succeed in, to appologize to sb for … ex: John gave up smoking. b. to be + adj + prep + Ving :to be busy with, to be afraid of , to be good at, to be bad at, to be interested in = to be fond of = to be keen on … ex: Alice is fond of dancing. 5. Sau các thành ngữ như: It’s no good + V-ing :(Chẳng tốt) be worth + V-ing It’s no use + V-ing :(Chẳng ích gì) be busy + V-ing can’t bear + V-ing = can’t stand + V-ing have difficulty (in) + V-ing can’t help + V-ing 6. Sau các từ / cụm từ : when, while, before, after, without, because of, instead of, in spite of, despite … Ex: He continued to speak while walking down the path. 7. Sau cấu trúc “go + Ving” go swimming / go fishing / go dancing / go shopping / go camping … IV. START / BEGIN / CONTINUE + TO-INF(no meaning change) V-ING Ex: It started to rain. raining. HELP + O + TO-INF / INF (no meaning change) Ex: He helped me to do / do my homework. V. VERBS OF PERCEPTION (động từ giác quan): see, hear, feel, smell, taste, notice, watch… S + V + O + Inf (ám chỉ 1 việc đã hoàn thành ) V-ing (ám chỉ một việc còn đang tiếp diễn ) Ex: I see him do his morning exercises in the garden everyday. I saw a beautiful girl walking a long the road yesterday afternoon. Note: Cấu trúc bị động của những động từ này: S + be + V 3 + TO-Inf V-ing Ex: She was seen to get off the bus. VI. ALLOW / PERMIT / RECOMMEND / ADVISE S + allow / permit / recommend / advise + O + To-Inf S + allow / permit / recommend / advise + V-ing Ex: The teacher permitted them to turn the assignment in late. The teacher permitted going out. VII. NEED Need + Inf / To-Inf (mang nghĩa chủ động) Need + V-ing (mang nghĩa chủ động) Ex: I need water / to water the flowers The flowers need watering / to be watered Note: need / require / want + Ving = Passive voice VIII. USED TO, BE USED TO… Used to + Inf : đã từng… (thói quen trong quá khứ mà bây giờ không còn nữa) Be used to + V-ing: quen với… (thói quen ở hiện tại) Get used to + V-ing: trở nên quen với… Be used to + Inf = Be used for + V-ing: được sử dụng để… Ex: I used to live in the city. She is/gets used to getting up early. This knife is used to cut bread. is used for cutting bread. IX. CAUSATIVE FORM (thể truyền khiến) Active: S + HAVE + someboby + V-Inf + something = S + GET + somebody + To-inf Passive: S + HAVE + something + P.P = S + GET + something + P.P Ex: I have my father fix my bicycle. I have my bicycle fixed by my father. X. STOP – TRY – REMEMBER – FORGET - REGRET - stop + V-ing: ngừng hẳn hành động đang làm Ex: Stop making noise, please! - stop + To-inf: ngừng lại để làm việc khác Ex: She stopped to talk to him. - try + V-ing: thử làm điều gì Ex:He tries writing with his left hand. - try + To-inf: cố gắng làm việc gì Ex: We try to get high marks. - remember +V-ing: nhớ đã làm gì Ex: I remember locking the door before I left. - remember + To-inf: nhớ phải làm gì Ex: I remember to call him. - forget + V-ing: quên điều gì đã làm Ex: I forgot meeting her. - forget + To-inf: quên làm điều gì Ex: I forgot to shut the window. - regret + V-ing: hối tiếc điều gì đã làm Ex: I regret talking to him so impolitely. - regret + To-inf: hối tiếc phải làm gì Ex: I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. XI. PARTICIPLES 1. Present Participles (V-ing): 2. Past Participles (V 3 ): a. Đi với TO BE để thành lập các thì tiếp diễn ex: He was telling me about his life. a. Đi với các hình thức của động từ TO HAVE để thành lập các thì hoàn thành và đi với TO BE để thành lập thể bị động. ex: That man has stolen my purse. I was given a doll on my birthday. b. Để nối hai câu có cùng chủ ngữ (mang nghĩa chủ động) hoặc diễn tả các hành động kế tiếp nhau Ex: When we stood on the hill, we could see the river. Standing on the hill, we could see the river. Ex: Mary is sitting at the desk, looking out of the window, thinking of her future. b. Để nối hai câu có cùng chủ ngữ (mang nghĩa bị động) ex: When he was punished yesterday, he felt very sad. Punished yesterday, he felt very sad. c. Thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa chủ động ex: The man who talked to you yesterday is my teacher. The man talking to you yesterday is my teacher. c. Thay thế cho mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa bị động ex: The boy who was given a present is my son. The boy given a present is my son. d. Dùng làm tính từ (mang nghĩa chủ động): ex: The story was boring. d. Dùng làm tính từ (mang nghĩa bị động): ex: I was bored with the story. . VERB PATTERNS I. TO-INFINITIVE: 1. Làm chủ ngữ: Ex: To visit her is all that I. + to be + adj Ex: It’s very useful to know English nowadays. = Knowing English is very useful nowadays 5. Sau những từ hỏi như: WHAT, WHO, WHERE, WHEN,