Viec thuc hien cie dich via cdng hanh chfnh cho xa hdi, tuy chfnh phii va cic ca quan ciia chfnh phu khdng phii li chii the duy nhit ma cdn cd sir tham gia ciia cic ca quan hinh chfn[r]
Trang 1NGHIEN-CQU - TRAO DOI
TH| TRlTdNG KHOA HQC, CONG NGH| V I | T NAM
NfrilN iMJCt e c c D O C U N G , c i u
TS NGUYEN XUAN QUANG
-iy dung vi lao lip mgt he thdng thj
trudng ddng bg, thdng sudt li mdt
strong nhiing ndi dung ca bin ciia
kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN d
nudc ta Trong he thdng thj trudng dd, thi
trudng khoa bgc, cdng nghe (KH,CN) li
mgt thanh id khong the thieu dugc ciia nen
kinh le thi trudng Thuc te ngiy eing
chung td ring, KH,CN cd su ddng gdp rat
ldn vio qui trinh tang trudng kinh te, ning
cao nang lire canh tranh ciia qud'c gia yi
doanh nghiep (DN) Do dd, viec thiic day
nhanh ehdng qui trinh hinh thanh vi phit
trien thj trudng niy cd y nghTa vd ciing
quan trgng Vi nhieu nguyen nhin khic
nhau, den nay, thi trudng KH,CN d Viet
Nam vin d trong tinh trang sa khai, rdi rac,
gay trd ngai cho su phit trien kinh te
Ndi den thi trudng, phai ndi den cic yeu
td cau thinh nen thi trudng Trudc hdt, do
la hdng hod Thi trudng KH,CN ciing vay
Sin pham d day la cac ket qui nghien ciiu
iing dung vio sin xuii vi ddi sdng Cung
gidng nhu cic loai hing hoi khic, hing
hoi KH,CN cung ed hai thuge tfnh: gid tri
sd dung vi gid tri hdng hod Gia tri sit
dung ciia loai hang hoi niy li su thoi man
nhu cau nio dd eua ngudi mua Nd the
hien tfnh hiru dung cita sin phim vi su
quyet djnh cua tfnh hiru dung nay cd the
trao ddi dugc hay khong Gii trj ciia hing
hoi la lugng chi phf lao ddng xa hgi cin
thiet de tao ra nd vi li ca sd de hinh thanh
nen gia ci Nhd hai thuge tinh tren mi sin
pham KH,CN trd thinh hang hoi vi dugc
dem trao ddi tren
KH,CN cung dugc phin thanh hai loai: sdn
pham khoa hge va sdn pham cong nghe
San phim khoa hge vd ca ban la vd hinh Ngudi nay, nhdm niy cam nhan tha'y nhung nhdm kia khdng nhin biet dugc Sin pham khoa bgc rat khd lugng gii, khd tfnh loan chfnh xac bing tien Thdng thudng, tfnh him dung ciia loai sin phiin niy khdng phat huy tic dung ngay mi phai qua mdt thdi gian dai sir dung mdi dugc kiem cining, duge the hien dudi dang cac ket qua nghien cd'u khoa bgc ve ddi mdi co ehe, chfnh sich, cic chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, cic du bao khoa bgc v.v
Vi the, de cd the bin dugc, ngudi cung iing loai hing boa nay phii cd ging den miic tdi da lim eho san phim khoa hge cua minh ting tfnh "sd thi'y dugc" nhim tao long tin vdi ngudi mua Dieu dd giii thich
vi sao sin pham khoa bgc rat khd ban va ngudi mua neu cd nhu cau phii dat hang trudc Tuy nhien, vin chua cd gi de dam bao chic chin ring ngudi cung ting san pham se dap iing diy dii cac yeu cau cua ngudi mua Diy chinh la nguyen nhan din den tinh trang nhieu de tii khoa bgc cap nhi nudc, nhat li trong ITnh vuc khoa hoc
xa hdi - nhin vin, sau khi nghiem thu xong khong sir dung dugc do tinh ting diing thi'p, giy lang phf ve ngudn luc Thi trudng diu ra cho loai sin pham nay rat ban hep, khich hing chii yeu la nha nudc
Khic vdi sin pham khoa hge, sin pham
cdng nghe ed hai dang: sdn pham hihi hinh
thi trudng Hing hoi Sd Khoa hoc vd Cdng nghe Hai Phong
Trang 2NGHIEN Cl^U - TRAO DOI
va sdn pham vo hinh Phan hiiu hinh la cac
may mdc, thiet bi cong nghe mdi ed linh
uu viet han miy mdc, thiet bi cdng nghe
cu, tao ra eic sin phim cd chat lugng cao,
giim chi phf sin xuat, nang cao siic canh
tranh ciia hing hoi hoae djch vu khien cho
khich hing khdng the khdng quan lim
Phin htin hinh cd gii ci in dinh tren thj
trudng, tuin thii theo quy tic thuin mua,
vira bin Phin vd hinh li phin phiic tap
nhit San phim loai niy rat khd nhan biet
bing cac giie quan mi chf cd the nhan biet
qua cac lgi ich mang lai, vf du nhu cic
phin mem ting dung, bf quyet cdng nghe,
kieu ding edng nghiep, cic miu ma thiet
ke, cic sin phim ban quydn Gii ci ciia
nd tren thi trudng tuy thuge vio cap dg lgi
ich dem den cho ngudi sir dung
Nhu vay, dii dugc the hien dudi cic hinh
thii khic nhau nhung hing hoi KH,CN
deu gid'ng nhau d mgt diem: nhit thiet
chiing phii thoi man nhu ciu nao dd ciia
ngudi mua Trong didu kien kinh te thj
Irudng, cic sin phim niy mudn bin dugc
trudc bet deu phai cd tfnh hiiu dung; sau
dd, cd khi nang sinh ldi
Ydu td thir hai, do la quan he cung
-cdu O nudc la hien nay, ngudn cung ve
sin phim KH,CN bao gdm:
Thu nhd't, dd li he thdng cic trudng dai
hge, cic vien nghien ciiru ciia cic bg
nginh trung uang va dia phuang Theo
thd'ng ke, d nudc ta hien cd 165 trudng dai
hge vi khoing 1.200 td chiic nghien cii'u
khoa bgc vi cdng nghe; trong dd, 60% td
chiic ndi tren thuge co quan, don vj nhi
nudc Hang nam, sd cdng trinh KH,CN
dugc nghien ciin trien khai tuang ddi nhieu
nhung ket qua cho thay cic sin phim diu
ra it cd sin phim dugc coi li hing boa, rii
khd trao ddi tren thi trudng do cic sin
phim dd tfnh ting diing thi'p Ndi cich
khac li ft cd khi nang sinh ldi nen khdng
dugc quan tam
Thu hai, cac DN tu diu tu, nghien ciiru
sin xuat miy mdc thiet bj mdi Cic sin phim lao ra chii yeu phuc vu cho viec sin xuit - kinh doanh ciia DN mi khdng dugc thuang mai hoi, mat khic, do chua phii chiu ip lire ciia canh tranh nen cic DN Viet Nam chua quan tam den ddi mdi cdng nghe vi chua coi dd li yeu id quyet djnh trong phit trien DN Chi lieu ciia khu vuc
DN cho nghien ciin vi trien khai chi chiem dudi 30% tdng chi tieu cho nghien ciin vi trien khai tren ci nudc Rit ft cic DN cd co
sd nghien cii'u rieng Cic nhi KH.CN d Viet Nam hien nay, chii yeu lim viec tai cie vien vi cic co sd nghien ciiu, sd lim viec lai cic DN rit ft Trong khi dd d 'Frung Qude, 40% cin bg nghien cun KH,CN lim viec lai cic DN vira vi ldn Bdi vay miic dg ddng gdp ciia cic DN cho
su phiil tridn thj irudng KH,CN d Viet Nam cdn rat khiem ton
Thu ba, ngudn cung tir nudc ngoii
thdng qua viec nhip khau thiet bj, miy mdc cong nghe mdi ciia cic DN trong nudc Trong xu the md cita vi hgi nhap kinh le qud'c le ngudn cung niy ngiy eing tang Song do khd khan ve ngudn luc lai chfnh nen mirc dg nhap khiu cic thiet bj, miy mdc cong nghe mdi ciia cic DN Viet Nam cdn ban che Hon nira, do thdi quen tam ly kinh doanh theo ldi "an xdi d thi", chua tfnh den chien luge phit trien lau dii nen cic DN cting khdng man mi lim vdi viec thay ddi thiet bi cong nghe mdi Trong thdi gian qua, udc tfnh mdi nam, nudc la nhap khiu thiet bj cdng nghe mdi chiem 10% tdng kim ngach nhap khiu, trong khi
dd, d cac nudc phit trien li khoang 40%
Ve phuang dien ciu, d nudc ta hien nay, ngudn ciu ve sin phim KH,CN bao gdm:
Trirdc hdt, dd li Nhi nudc Trong nhirng
nam qua, ngan sich nhi nudc phii bd ra hing tram trieu USD de dat hing,vdi cac td chii'c nghien ciin khoa bgc vi cong nghe Sin phim mi Nhi nudc dat hing thudng li cic ket qui nghien ciiu khoa bgc co bin phuc vu cho vice hoach djnh chien luge
Trang 3NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI
chfnh saeh phit trien kinh te - xa hgi mang
lim quo'c gia hoae dia phuang Day la
lugng cau tuy khong ldn nhung tuang ddi
dn djnh vi ft bien ddng
Hai Id, dd li cic DN sin xuii - kinh
doanh Ve phuang dien ly thuyet, diy li
lugng ciu rit tiem ting Bdi le, trong xu
the hgi nhip vi canh tranh gay git nhu
hien nay, viec ddi mdi thiet bi cdng nghe
de ning cao siic canh tranh li dieu kien
sdng cdn ciia DN Theo con sd thdng ke
chua diy dii hien nay cd den 90% hgp
ddng chuydn giao cdng nghe li do cic DN
FDI thuc hien Ddi vdi cic DN Viet Nam
siic ciu ve cic hgp ddng chuyen giao cdng
nghe khong ldn Nguyen do li cic DN
Viet Nam ehua lay viec ddi mdi cdng nghe
lim cdng cu chii yeu de thiic day sin xuit
tang siic canh tranh Mat khic, ciing phan
inh nang luc hip thu cdng nghe yeu kem
ciia cic DN Viet Nam Ket qui khio sil 40
DN d Hii Phdng vira qua cho thi'y, miic
diu tu ciia DN cho ddi mdi cong nghe thiet
bi la rat thi'p (chiem khoing 3% doanh thu
hing nam) Tren thuc le, vdi mdi trudng
kinh doanh nhu hien nay, cong nghe ft cd
inh hudng den hieu qui sin xuit - kinh
doanh ciia cac DN Viet Nam Chfnh vi vay,
cau ve sin phim KH.CN ciia cic DN
khdng tang li mgt trong nhirng nguyen
nhin lim cho thj irudng KH,CN d nudc la
cham phit trien
Ba Id, dd li khu vuc nong nghiep, nong
thon Sau khi Viet Nam gia nhap W'FO de
nang cao siic canh tranh ciia hing nong
sin Viet Nam khu vuc nong nghiep, nong
thon li dja bin irng dung nhieu cong nghe
nhii vi ciing li nai cd nhieu phit minh
sing che vd cong nghe nhat Gidng nhu
trong ITnh vuc cong nghiep, trong sin xuat
nong nghiep, KH,CN li yeu td mang tfnh
dot phi lim tang ning suit eiy trdng, vat
nuoi, nang cao chii lugng nong sin Chi
tfnh rieng giai doan 2000-2005, nginh
Ndng nghiep da thuc hien 387 dir in gidng
vdi tdng sd vdn 2.691 ti ddng, ip dung
cdng nghe mdi de xay dung canh ddng 50 irieu/ha, ip dung lien bd KH,CN vao quy trinh chim bdn - thu hoach - bao quan nhim tang gii trj ciia hang boa ndng sin Dieu dd chiing td ndng nghiep, nong thdn
d nudc ta la mgt thi trudng lieu thu cic sin phim KH,CN day tiem ning, gin lidn vdi
su sd'ng cdn ciia nen sin xuii ndng nghiep trong bdi einh dang cd siJ canh tranh gay git tren quy md toin ciu ve hing hoi ndng sin
Nhu vay, mudn phdt trien thi trudng
KH,CN, phdi tgo lap quan he cung - cdu
Hien nay, cung, ciu gap nhau dudi hinh thii'c cic chg cdng nghe va thiet bj qud'c gia, cic sin giao djch cdng nghe ciia cie dja phuang, chuang trinh che tao thiet bj theo miu ciia nudc ngoii vdi gia re de bin cho cic DN cd nhu ciu 'Frong nhiing nam qua, sir gin ket niy khdng thdng sudt va mang tfnh cat cu' Cic DN vio chg chu ye'u
li mua miy mdc thiet bj cong nghe mdi
mi chua tim kiem cic bin quyen sing che, hoae tim gap cic nha nghien ciiu de dat hing li cic hgp ddng nghien ciiu vi trien khai Sd di nhu vay vi cac DN hien nay d nudc ta da sd li cic DN vira va nhd, san phim cong nghe dua vio san xuii li cac sin phim cdng nghe cao, mudn irng dung dugc phii thay ddi mdt cich can bin may mdc, thiet bi, thim chi nhi xudng vdi chi phi rit ton kem Do liem luc lai chfnh yeu nen viec dau tu, ddi mdi thiet bj cdng nghe cdn ban che, din tdi lam giim lugng cau
ve sin phim KH,CN Them vao dd, nhieu
DN chua thirc su cd nhu ciu vd ddi mdi cdng nghe vi vin nhan dugc sir bao cip bio hd ciia Nhi nudc, khdng chiu sure ep ciia canh tranh Vdi cac td chiic KH,CN nha nudc, sd de tii nghien ciiu sat vdi nhu cau thuc lidn cdn ft vi gap nhieu trd ngai
do thieu vdn de thuc hien Nhieu td chiirc KH,CN chua chii ddng gap gd cic DN de tim kiem cic hgp ddng nghien ciiu hieu qua Viec quing ba, chio hing keu ggi cic giao djch lir ddi tac bing cac phuang
Trang 4NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO DOI
thirc nhu bio chf, phit thanh truyen hinh,
mang internet chua lim dugc nhieu
Thuc trang dd da gdp phin lim cho thj
trudng KH,CN d nudc la khdng phit tridn
dugc
Su phan tich tren cho thiy, de phit trien
thj irudng KH,CN, phii sir diing cac giai
phip ci d lim vT mo vi vi mo nham tic
dgng vio nhin id cung, ciu Day dugc coi
li diem nhin de gia tdc sir phit trien thj
irudng KFFCN d nudc ta Theo dd:
Mot Id, ihiic diy ddi mdi vi nang cag
nang lire cdng nghe ciia khu vuc DN O
day, DN cd vai trd dac biet quan trgng tren
thj trudng KH,CN DN giir vai trd vira li
cung, vira li ciu ciia thi irudng niy Su tdn
lai vi phit trien thj trudng KH,CN d nudc
la gin lien vdi sir phit tridn ciia cic DN
dac biet li cic DN thuge khu vuc tu nhan,
cic DN vira vi nhd 'Fhdi gian qua, chinh
sich diu tu ciia Nha nudc mdi ehi lap
trung vao khu vuc DNNN, vao cic lap
doin kinh te ldn mi chua quan tam nhieu
den cic DN vira va nhd, cic DN thuge khu
vuc tu nhan He thdng thj trudng d Viet
Nam cho den nay chua thuc sir li thj
trudng canh tranh hoan hio Mgt sd ITnh
virc vin mang tfnh ddc quyen, lap trung d
khu vue kinh te nhi nudc Mac dii nen kinh
le nudc la da tham gia hgi nhap ngiy eing
sau rdng vio nen kinh te the gidi nhung
cic DN Viet Nam ndi chung chua phai
chju ip lire ldn cita canh tranh Vin de cip
thiet dat ra trong liic niy li phii sira ddi co
che, chfnh sich dd thiie diy canh tranh,
huge cic DN mudn ton lai vi phit trien
phii ludn quan lim den ddi mdi miy mdc,
thiet bj, cdng nghe Nhi nudc phii sir diing
cic bien phip kfch ciu lieu diing eic sin
phim KH.CN nhu sira ddi ca che ve lai
chfnh, tfn dung, cho vay uu dai dd khuyen
khfch cic DN mua sim miy mdc, thiet bj
cdng nghe mdi Hien nay, Nhi nudc da cho
phep thinh lip Quy phat trien khoa bgc vi
cong nghe Float dgng ciia Quy can lap
trung vio viec hd trg ddi mdi cdng nghe,
sing lao cic sin pham cdng nghe ma nudc
la dang cd nhu ciu cip thiet Thuc hien tdi viec khuyen khfch cic DN diu tu cho viec nghien ciiu, trien khai, ddi mdi cdng nghe
Hai la, phai lim cho cung, ciu gap
nhau Do tfnh chit dac thii cua sin phim, khic vdi thi irudng hing hoi, djch vu, thj Irudng KH,CN khong cd hinh hii ro ret
Nd la thj trudng "ddng", khong cd tfnh phd bien, chi gidi ban d mgt sd ddi tugng cung ling va tieu diing nhat djnh Do dd, cin lim cho thi Irudng niy mang linh phd quit bing viec thiet lap he thdng thgng tin cdng nghe vi cic td chiic trung gian, moi gidi vi quing ba cdng nghe, chio hing bing nhieu hinh thiic He thdng thdng lin phii thdng sudt ca chieu dgc vi chieu ngang Gidng nhu thj trudng chiing khoan, thj Irudng KFFCN cung ddi hdi phii cd mgt dgi ngu nhu'ng ngudi moi gidi cgng nghe theo hudng chuyen nghiep hoi de giip mdi cho cung - ciu gap nhau ;,;•, , : :
Ba Id, kien loin he thdng phip luat ve
KH.CN Hien nay, d Viet Nam luy da cd phap luat ve sd hiru tri lue, vd hgp ddng chuyen giao cdng nghe song vin cdn nhieu bit cap Trong nhieu trudng hgp, cic tranh chip ve vi pham quyen sd hiru trf tue, vd hgp ddng chuydn giao cong nghe dugc xir
ly nira vdi, lim nin Idng cic chii the tham gia thj trudng Vi vay, cin cung cd he thd'ng loi in trgng tii xir ly cic tranh chip phit sinh trong qui trinh thuc hien cic giao djch tren thj trudng KFFCN nhim lao
dg tin cay dd tang sd lugng cic chii the tham gia thj irudng, liic li lim lang lugng cung vi ciu ve sin phim KH,CN
Bdn Id, ddi mdi quan ly nhi nudc vi
chfnh saeh diu tu cho KH,CN 'Fang cudng vai trd ciia Nhi nudc trong viec hoach djnh chfnh sich, dieu tiet thj Irudng Trong dieu kien thj irudng KFFCN cdn so khai, vai trd ciia Nhi nudc rit quan trgng, li "bi dd" de thj trudng niy ra ddi vi phit tridn Trudc bet la id chiirc thuc hien Nghj djnh sd
Trang 5NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO 0 0 1
115/2005/ND-CP ngay 05-9-2005 ciia
Chinh phu quy djnh ca che tu chii, tu chiu
trich nhiem cua td chiic khoa hge va cdng
nghe, chuyen cac td chiic khoa bgc vi
cong nghe da cd du dieu kien sang djnh
hudng thi trudng, gin ket qua nghien ciiu
vdi ii'ng dung Nghi dinh sd
115/2005/ND-CP dugc vf nhu mgt "cii huych" thiic day
cie td cbiic nghien ciiu KH,CN tang ngudn
H: ^ ^
cung ve cic san pham KH,CN Ben canh
dd, can phai ddi mdi ca che dat hang, da'u thiu cic sin phim nghien ciin tir ngudn vdn ngan sich nhi nudc nhim lua chgn dugc cac dan vi td chirc dii nang lire nghien ciiu che tao san pham KH.CN theo muc tieu chuang trinh KH,CN cua dja phuang va qud'c gia trong tirng thdi kiQ
*j» r^ 7^ ^T^ * j » * ^
MAY NHAN THUfC VE CHINH PHU
(Tidp theo trang 20)
ciia cong dan nhu: duy tri trat tu xa hdi,
quin ly hg lich, hd khiu; ci'p giiy phep
kinh doanh, Cic djch vu nay chi do cic
ca quan hinh chfnh nhi nudc cung cap cho
ngudi din thdng qua viec thuc hien chiic
nang quan ly nhi nudc
- Djch vii cong edng li loai dich vu
nhim thoi min cic nhu ciu thiet yeu, cic
quyen ca bin ciia cong din trong viec
hudng thu cic ciia cai vit chat vi tinh thin
ciia xa hgi nhu y te, giio due, dien, nudc
sinh boat Loai dich vu niy, nha nudc ed
the true tiep cung cap thdng qua cac dan vj
sir nghiep, doanh nghiep nha nudc hoae uy
quydn cho cic id chiic, ci nhin ngoii nhi
nudc thuc hien
Viec thuc hien cie dich via cdng hanh
chfnh cho xa hdi, tuy chfnh phii va cic ca
quan ciia chfnh phu khdng phii li chii the
duy nhit ma cdn cd sir tham gia ciia cic ca
quan hinh chfnh nha nudc d dia phuang,
nhung chfnh phu li co quan hiinh chfnh
nhi nUde cao nhii cd vai trd vi trich
nhiem thdng nhat quin ly viee thuc hien
cung ling djch vu cong hinh chfnh tren
pham vi ci nudc cho cic td chiic vi cong
din
Ddi vdi cic dich vu cdng cdng, tiic djch
vu nhim thoa man cic nhu ciu thiet yeu,
cac quyen ca ban cua ngudi din, nha nudc
cd the uy quyen cho cic td chiic, ei nhan ngoai nhi nudc true tiep cung iing nha nudc chi can thiep gian tiep nhim bio dam cic muc tieu xa hdi ma nha nudc dat ra Nhi nudc sir dung nhieu bien phip can thiep giin tiep, nhung nha nudc vin la ngudi chju trich nhiem trudc xa hgi Trich nhiem cua nhi nudc trong viec bao dam cung ling cac dich vu cdng cdng cho xa hgi, trudc het la trich nhiem ciia chinh phii, cic ca quan cua chinh phii Chfnh phii dua ra nhiing quy dinh, quy che de dieu tiei
vi kiem soil eic td chiic tu nhin cung ii'ng dich vu theo yeu ciu ciia nhi nudc; chinh phii sir diing cic bien phip midn giam thue hoae trg ci'p cho4;u nhin nao cung ci'p cac djch vu nay hoae chinh phii cd chfnh saeh trg ci'p eho ngudi sir dung dich vu cdng Tdm lai, tit ca cac hinh thiic cung ung djch vu cdng dii dugc tien hinh dudi hinh thiic nio thi chfnh phii, cic ca quan ciia chfnh phu vin la ngudi thay mat nha nudc
chju trich nhiem trudc xa hdi Qua dd, ihi
hien vai trd cua chfnh phii trong viec cung ling dich vu cdng cho xa hdi, gdp phan vac sir dn dinh vi phat trien xa hdiQ
1 Co ths xem 5 dac di^m ciia Nha nudc phap
quyen xa hoi chii nghla Viet Nam a Giao trinh
Duong loi each mang cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam NXB CTQG H.2009 tr 192-193
2 Tir dien giai thich thuat ngu hanh chinh NXB Lao dong H.2002, tr.98.'