( So 2(67)-2009 TAI CHINH VI MO ) m DUNG m PHHP Tl( CflC NGRN HI^NG THl/ONG MDI TRONG V/l NGOAl Nl/OC DE TfiNG CddNQ NQUON VON Tfil NGfiN HfiNQ TtHlOllQ Mfil CO PH^N VIET N(IH PGS.TS Dinh Xuan H^ng ± ^flAi hang thuang mgi cophdn (NHTMCP) hoat dong nen kinh tethitru&ng, CO nh itng th ugn lai vd kho khan ca bdn cong tdc tao lap, h uy dong nguon von kkinh doanh: Thuan loi: NHTMCP dugc phep phat hanh cd phieu, trai phieu de tang vdn tu cd, chii dong va Iinh hoat viec dieu chinh chien luge kinh doanh phu hgp vdi thj trudng va nang luc ciia ngan hang (NH) Kho khan: mang ludi chi nhanh chua rdng khap, ngudn vdn tu cd va ngudn vdn kinh doanh cdn nhd, nhan luc ciia NH cdn thieu ve sd lugng va kinh nghiem chuyen mdn, uy tin va thuang hieu tren thj trudng chua cao Trong bdi canh kinh te hien nay, viec lira chgn cac giai phap cd hieu qua can dua vao kinh nghiem da ap dung cdng tai cac NHTM nude ngoai va nude thdi gian qua la rat io: can thiet Giai phap tao lap von tir co Vdn dieu le ciia cac NHTMCP hien vdi quy md cdn nhd (dudi nghin ty dong) Miic vdn dd chua dap ling dugc yeu cau so vdi quy md phat trien ciia he thdng NHTM Viet Nam dieu kien hdi nhap hien va yeu cau md rdng kinh doanh ciia NHTMCP Miic vdn dieu le da sinh nhiing han che cho hoat dong NH: • The hien nang lire tai chinh chua dii Idn de so sanh vdi cac ddi tac, nhat la cac NHTM nude ngoai • Tang quy md ngudn vdn huy dong • Md rdng doanh sd cho vay (Theo luat cac TCTD, mot NHTM khdng cho mot khach hang vay vugt qua 15% / vdn tu cdciiaNH) • Quy md tai san NH tang nhanh khd dat ty le an toan T a p chf nghien cuTu Tdi chfnh k e ' t o d n kinh doanh theo chuan muc quoc te (Vdn tu cd /tai san cd riii ro toi thi6ula8%o) NHTMCP CO thi tdng vdn tu CO bang each: Mot la, trich ty le Igi nhuan sau thue de lap cac quy dir triJ theo diing quy djnh ciia nha nude NhOng nam dau muc igi nhuan cua NH cdn thap, nhung day la hinh thiic tang von tir co lanh manh cho Ngan hang Hai la, phat hanh cd phieu (cd phieu thudng va cd phieu uu dai) va trai phieu , Day la each tang vdn tu cd nhanh nhat, dugc ap dung cdng d cac NHTMCP tren thg gidi va Viet Nam Dac biet la thdi gian may nSm gan day d Sacombank, A Chau, Quan ddi va NHTMCP Tien Phong mdi khai truang thang 06/2008, von dieu le 1.000 ty dong, da cd Id trinh tSng Ien it nhSt la 3000 ty dong sau mot nam hoat dong Giai phap huy dpng von cua khach hang Kinh nghifm cua cac NHTM va ngoai nin^rc: Tai Nhat Ban, Cac NHTM huy dong dugc khoi lugng idn tiet ki?m ciia dan chung dua vac ( So 2(67}-2009 ) kinh doanh Do dac diem tieu diing cua ngudi Nhat, mac dii tien luang thap xa so vdi cac nude cdng nghiep phat trien song ho cd miic han che tieu diing cao (dac diem la gidng ngudi Viet Nam) Day la ngudn vdn ddi dao de cac NHTM Nhat Ban huy dong dugc Tai Dai Loan, Chii trgng ngudn vdn hudng ndi bang each xay dung cac NHTM da nang, hien dai Tir lam ca sd cho su di chuyen cac ngudn vdn xa hdi tap uung vao NH va tao dung nen hinh anh tin cay ciia khach hang Tai Thai Lan, Nhung kinh nghiem ciia cac NHTM Thai Lan la: Da dang hoa cac hinh thiic huy dong vdn dugc dac biet quan tam Vdi cac hinh thii'c huy dong vdn nhu: nhan tien giri tiet kiem, phat hanh trai phieu, ky phieu, chiing chi tien gui theo cac mire lai suat rat Iinh hoat va theo nhieu ky han khac Day manh va phat trien mang ludi NH Viec phat trien rdng rai mang ludi hoat dong NH tao dieu kien de thu hiit dugc nhieu khach hang va da dang hoa cac hinh thiic huy dong vdn Chii dau tu cdng nghe NH ,dac biet la trang bj he thdng toan hien dai Day la ca sd cho viec ap dung nhieu hinh thiic toan tien tien, vdi tien ich nhanh chdng an toan va chi phi thap Nang cao chat lugng va da dang hoa cac djch vu NH Di ddi TAI CHiNH VT MO vdi hien dai hoa toan, cac NHTM Thai Lan chii trgng viec nang cao chat lugng va phat trien cac djch vu mdi Vdi cac djch vu hap dan da thu hiit dugc nhieu khach hang, nhieu ngudn vdn nhan rdi xahgi Tai Trung Quoc, Mot dat nude cd tdc tang truang kinh te cao nhat the gidi nhu'ng nam gan day, nhu cau vdn dau tu rat Idn Cac NHTM d nude da chii trgng den cdng tac huy dong vdn bang cac giai phap: Sir dung lai suat huy dong vdn mot each Iinh hoat, mem deo Phat trien mang ludi chi nhanh va phong giao djch Tang cudng huy dong vdn trung va dai han Tai My, Cac NHTM lam djch vu toan tien luong cho cdng nhan cac DN, vien chiic ciia cac ca quan nha nude, td chiic xa hdi qua tai khoan Khach hang dugc cap mot the nhua, sii' dung the de riit tien, toan tai bat ky may ATM nao ciia he thong NH phat hanh the hoac la cac NH khac da cd su lien ket Ngay vdi ky thuat hien dai, cac NH phat hanh the thdng minh vdi nhieu tien ich giiip cho cdng tac huy dong vdn cang thuan Igi Tai Viet Nam, Cac NHTM da cd truyen thdng hoat dong mot thdi gian thudng chii trgng din viec md rdng mang ludi hoat dong va coi dd la yeu td can thiet de tang cudng huy dong vdn ciia khach hang Tuy thuoc vao dieu kien va the manh ciia mdi NH, cd the md rdng chi nhanh hoac la phong giao djch Cac NHTM trien khai cd hieu qua viec nay, nhu NHNo va PTNT Viet Nam, NHTMCP Quan ddi NH Ddng A OceanBank khai truang 11 phong giao djch mdi thang 05/2008 Nhung van de can chu y van dung kinh nghiem quoc te va niroc: - Xac djnh khach hang chii yeu la doanh nghiep va dan cu Trong dd khach hang la DN phai chu trgng md rdng djch vu, dac biet la djch vu tin dung Khach hang la dan cu can chii trgng den tinh tien ich, lai suat va mire an toan ciia vdn tien giri - Trong dieu kien bien ddng ciia thj trudng tai chinh - tien te hien va cache dieu hanh ciia NHNN la theo lai suat ca ban, NH can tinh toan ky ludng bai toan "Di vay de cho vay", chi phi ve lai tien giri, chi phi dau tu de md chi nhanh, phdng giao djch - Can cd nhung hinh thirc mdi kinh doanh tren vdn ngoai hinh thirc cho vay va dau tu truyen thdng Cac giai phap huy dong von cua khach hang tai NHTMCP til' viec van dung kinh nghiem cac NHTM va ngoai nirdc: Mot la Can da dang cac hinh thiic huy ddng vdn Hien nay, ngudn vdn nhan rdi cua cac doanh nghiep, td chirc kinh te - xa hdi va dan cu cdn rat Idn De khai thac tdi da T a p c h f n g h i e n ciiTu Tdi chfnh ke todn - Can sap xep... vu^ng Cu the nhu: - Can lap bd phan quan ly khach hang - Chii ddng tham gia vao chien luge kinh doanh ciia DN, nham giiip hg khac phue khd khan, tao lap mdi quan he lau dai - Phan loai khach