THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
1 INTRODUCTION Rationale for the study Presently, in the world, the development of high-tech agriculture is considered the key to the developed countries’ success and mainstream The formation of high-tech agricultural zones in such countries as America, the United Kingdom, Japan, Netherlands, Israel, and China has created a breakthrough in agricultural products in terms of productivity and quality In Vietnam, high-tech agriculture development is an objective requirement of the agriculture in the face of the urbanization, the climate change, the international integration and the fourth industrial revolution (4.0); simultaneously, it is one of the important solutions in the process of renewing the economic growth model, restructuring the agricultural sector and implementing agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization Our Party has stated: “Promote agricultural restructuring in the direction of building high-tech agriculture with large commodities; enhance the application of scientific and technological advances, improve quality, efficiency and competitiveness; ensure sustainable development, national food security and food hygiene and safety, etc.” On that basis, the Government has issued many Resolutions, Circulars, and Decisions to develop hi-tech agriculture: Decision No 176 / QD-TTg, dated January 29, 2010 approving the Agricultural Development Project High-tech application industry to 2020 and Decision No 575 / QD-TTg on approving the master plan for hi-tech agricultural zones and regions up to 2020, with an orientation to 2030 By the end of the year in 2019, the country had 34 hi-tech agricultural zones in 19 provinces and cities approved by the Prime Minister In addition, many other localities have had policies to attract businesses to invest in high-tech agriculture Vietnam's agriculture initially applied advanced science and technology to production, creating high productivity and quality However, the development of high-tech agriculture in our country currently faces several difficulties and shortcomings in terms of capital, science and technology, human resources, land, etc The Red River Delta regions are regions with many potentials and strengths for agricultural development in general and high-tech agriculture in particular Over the past years, most localities in the Region have developed and implemented programs for high-tech agricultural development with different plans and schemes according to the size, quantity, quality and structure; attracting many agricultural enterprises, economic groups to invest thousands of billion VND in hi- tech agricultural projects Many successful businesses such as VinGroup, TH, DABACO, Thai Duong, Marphavet, etc have created outstanding productivity, product quality and high economic efficiency However, in this process, there are still many limitations and shortcomings in both theory and practice In theory, the number of research works in the fields of high technology, high-tech agriculture is still modest; many issues on high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions region from the perspective of political economic science have not been adequately explained such as: perceptions, contents, evaluation criteria and the factors affecting the high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions, etc In practice, the development of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions has many limitations and shortcomings such as: Quantity, high-tech agricultural zones, regions and models are small, not commensurate with the region's potentials and advantages; the high-tech agricultural production is inadequate; the hi-tech agricultural production structure is not reasonable, etc Therefore, how to develop high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions is a big question that needs to be answered satisfactorily For the above-mentioned reasons, the PhD student decides to choose the topic "Development of high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions" as his doctoral thesis specialized in political economy Aims and objectives of the study Aims: The thesis further clarifies the theoretical and practical basis and proposes views and solutions for high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions Objectives - Giving an overview of the thesis-related studies - Clarifying the theoretical basis for hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions: Analysing the conception, the contents, the evaluation criteria and the factors affecting development of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions - Consulting experiences on hi-tech agricultural development of some countries in the world and drawing some lessons for the Red River Delta regions - Assessing the current situation of hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions over the past years: Analysing achievements, limitations, causes of achievements, limitations and problems that need to be addressed to develop hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions in the coming time 3 - Proposing views and solutions for high-tech agriculture development in the Red River Delta regions in the coming time Object and scope of the study Object: Development of high-tech agriculture Scope In terms of content: It studies the development of hi-tech agriculture in a narrow sense in two basic industries: cultivation (food crops: rice, fruit trees, vegetables, tubers, flowers) and husbandry (cattle, poultry) from the perspective of Political Economy Science Of which, it clarifies the development on points: Quantity, scale; quality; and structure In terms of space: The Red River Delta regions include 11 provinces and centrally-run cities: Bac Ninh, Ha Nam, Hanoi, Hai Duong, Hai Phong, Hung Yen, Nam Dinh, Ninh Binh, Quang Ninh, Thai Binh, and Vinh Phuc In terms of time: The sufficient data are from 2013 to 2019 Theoretical basis, practice and research methodology Theoretical basis: The thesis is conducted on the theoretical basis of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought; guidelines and views of the Communist Party of Vietnam on agricultural, rural, peasantry and hitech agricultural development Practical basis The thesis is completed on the basis of practical surveys of the graduate student and reports and statistics of ministries, departments, branches and People's Committees of provinces and cities in the Red River Delta regions; data of related science and technology organizations Methodology - The method of dialectical materialism and historical materialism: The author uses to examine objectively, comprehensively, the history and in particular the development of high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions This method is used in all chapters, especially chapters and - The method of scientific abstraction: This is the method mainly applied in chapters and in the construction of instrumental concepts, central conceptions and analysis of factors affecting agricultural development high-tech industry in the Red River Delta regions region; study the current state of hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions in a narrow sense (cultivation and animal husbandry) in 11 provinces and cities in the Red River Delta regions - The method of comparative statistics: Used mainly in Chapter to process documents and data to assess the current state of hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions - The method of analysis - synthesis: Used in all chapters of the thesis, but mainly chapters and 4, in order to properly assess the current state of hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions to find out the cause of the achievement, limit and point out the contradictions that need to be resolved; propose views and solutions to develop hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions in the coming time - The method of Logics - History: Used mainly in Chapter to overview research works related to the topic and in Chapter to analyse the causes of achievements, limitations and find the contradictions The conflict should focus on solving the current situation of hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions New contributions of the study - Forming the central conception, determining the content, the evaluation criteria and the factors affecting the development of high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions in terms of political economy - Indicating the causes and the contradictions need dealing with from the current situation of hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions - Proposing views and solutions for high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions in the coming time Theoretical and practical significance of the study In terms of theory: The thesis has successfully contributed to the theoretical issues of high-tech agricultural development in our country today In terms of practice: The results of the thesis can be used as a reference for the management agencies to make high-tech agricultural development policies in the Red River Delta regions Simultaneously, it can be used as references in researching and teaching the subject of political economy at schools in the national education system Structure of the study The thesis includes: Introduction; chapters (09 periods); conclusion; a list of the author's published works related to the thesis; a list of references and appendices Chapter AN OVERVIEW OF THE THESIS’S RELATED RESEARCH SITUATION 1.1 The studies overseas and in the country related to the thesis 1.1.1 The studies overseas related to the thesis 1.1.1.1 The studies related to agriculture and agricultural development Typically: Rapid growth of selected Asian economies - Lessons and implications for agriculture and food security in China and India by FAO (2006); The Problems of Agriculture and Rural Areas in the Process of European Integration by Barbara Chmielewska (2009); The Economics of Agricultural Development by George W Norton, Jeffrey Alwang and William A Masters (2010); China's Economic Restructuring - Role of Agriculture by Zhang Hongzhou (2012); Agriculture in the Global Economy by Alston, Julian M., and Philip G Pardey (2014); Agriculture: A Very Short Introduction by Paul Brassley, Richard Soffe (2016); Agricultural Development and Economic Transformation: Promoting Growth with Poverty Reduction by John W Mellor (2017) 1.1.1.2 The studies related to high-tech agricultural development Here are some typical studies: The Triazine Herbicides Chemicals in Agriculture Series by Homer M LeBaron., Janis Mc Farland Ph.D., Orvin Burnside Ph.D (2008); Application of Hightech Agriculture to overcome natural disasters in agriculture: High Tech Agriculture (Micro Irrigation, Mulching and Green Houses) by Dhiren Vandra (2012); Information and Communication Technology in Agricultural by Michail Salampasis (s), Alexandros Theodoridisb (2013); Precision Agriculture Technology for Crop Farming by Qin Zhang (2015); Agricultural Development and Sustainable Intensification: Technology and Policy Challenges in the Face of Climate Change by Udaya Sekhar Nagothu (2018); Agricultural Internet of Things and Decision Support for Precision Smart Farming by Zafar Abbas, Ajay Kumar Tiwari, Annamaria Castrignano, Gabriele Buttafuoco, Raj Khosla, Abdul Mouazen, Dimitrios Moshou, Oli vier Naud (2020) 1.1.2 The studies in the country related to the thesis 1.1.2.1 The studies related to agriculture and agricultural development Typically: Vietnam Agriculture, Farmers, Rural: today and tomorrow by Dang Kim Son (2008); Research on career change trends of agricultural workers in the Red River Delta regions by Tran Gia Long (2012); Research on vulnerability assessment due to climate change for agricultural production by Ha Hai Duong (2014); Vietnam Agriculture towards sustainable development by Do Kim Chung, Kim Thi Dung (2015); Sustainable Agricultural Development in the Red River Delta regions by Phi Van Hanh (2016); Agricultural Development in Vietnam: Achievements and Constraints by Pham Thi Thanh Binh (2017); Development of Commodity Agriculture in the Red River Delta regions by Pham Quoc Quan (2018); Development agriculture in the coastal areas of the Red River Delta regions in the context of climate change by Nguyen Thi Khuyen (2019) 6 1.1.2.2 The studies related to high-tech agricultural development Typically: Investigation into scientific bases and practical conditions to form high-tech agricultural zones in Vietnam by Nguyen Van Phu (2006); Proceedings of Workshop on High-Tech Agricultural Development in Vietnam by Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2007); Can Tho develop human resources for high-tech agriculture by To Minh Gioi (2008); High-tech Agriculture - The inevitable direction of Vietnam's agriculture by Do Xuan Truong, Le Thi Thu (2010); Development of High-Tech Agriculture in Vietnam: Initial Results and Difficulties by Pham Van Hien (2014); High-tech agriculture is an inevitable requirement for international integration by Pham S (2015); Development of high-tech agriculture: Barriers and solutions by Nguyen Thi Mien (2018); Concentrating land to develop hi-tech agriculture in Thai Binh province by Tran Thanh Quang (2019) 1.2 An overview of the results related to the thesis and the issues that need to be addressed in the thesis 1.2.1 An overview of the results related to the thesis By giving an overview of overseas and domestic research related to hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions, the graduate student draws some of the following main points: The first is about agriculture and agricultural development Some studies have presented the position, role and gave some concepts about agriculture and agricultural development; at the same time, analysing and evaluating the current situation (especially mechanisms and policies to promote agricultural development) of certain countries, regions and localities to point out achievements and limitations, reason; contradictory issues, inadequacies arise; accordingly, they propose perspectives, directions, solutions to promote the development of sustainable agriculture, agriculture These are valuable documents that students can access, inherit and apply to build the central conceptions; at the same time, selectively absorb research methods, how to assess the current situation, identify causes, contradictions, and build opinions, solutions to fulfil the thesis’s aims and objectives The second is about the theory of high-tech agriculture and hightech agricultural development The studies have introduced such aspects such: the role of high technology, high-tech agriculture for socio-economic development; concepts and characteristics of agricultural technology; the need for high-tech agriculture in the present conditions; analysing and clarifying the theory of high technology, high-tech agriculture, development of hitech agriculture; at the same time, to build a theoretical basis for the development of hi-tech agricultural zones and regions and high-tech agricultural production models in a number of countries around the world and in Vietnam The above contents will be researched, inherited and further clarified by the author when giving the concept and analysing the content of hi-tech agricultural development The third is about the current situation of hi-tech agriculture development The studies have given a general assessment of the development of hi-tech agriculture in a number of countries around the world and in Vietnam Notably, some scientific topics and seminars held by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Ministry of Science and Technology in recent years have outlined achievements, shortcomings and limitations in agricultural development of high technology industry in Vietnam Thereby, it helps the PhD student have more materials to consider and evaluate objectively and comprehensively about the level of high-tech agricultural development in Vietnam in general and the Red River Delta regions in particular The fourth is about the solutions to high-tech agricultural development Under different approaches, the works have proposed a number of solutions to overcome shortcomings and limitations in the development of high-tech agriculture in Vietnam such as: raising awareness for social statues about high-tech agriculture; continue to perfect the master plan for high-tech agricultural development; training high quality human resources for agriculture, attracting investment; implementing value chain linkages in high-tech agricultural production; building synchronous and modernizing infrastructure in agriculture; promoting the application of new technologies and high technologies in agriculture and expanding markets These serve as valuable documents that the PhD student can learn about research methods, evaluation content to improve the quality in the process of formulating the outline of the thesis The main results of foreign and domestic research related to the thesis topic presented above have provided the PhD student with important evidence to clarify the theoretical and practical issues of hitech agricultural development, and simultaneously it provides the PhD student more scientific bases to build a system of views and solutions to develop hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions in the coming time 8 However, in the Red River Delta regions, there are some studies assessing the current situation, identifying the causes, and proposing the solutions to developing hi-tech agriculture Yet, they limit in one specific locality (province, city); the solutions offered are mainly from the perspective of the economic sector Therefore, until now, there has been no scientific works researching systematically and comprehensively on high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions from the science of political economy 1.2.2 The issues that need to be addressed in the thesis By giving an overview of the published scientific works, the PhD student identifies the following issues need addressing: First, clarifying the theoretical issues related to hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions that other works have not yet solved The thesis deals with the following questions: What are the terms of agriculture, high technology, high-tech agriculture, and high-tech agriculture development by territory? What is high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions? Which content is included, and what are the evaluation criteria? What are the factors affecting high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions? What good experiences in hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions in foreign and domestic regions which can be learned? The above-mentioned issues are the content that the thesis will focus on research to serve as a basis for surveying and evaluating the current situation of hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions Second, conducting related surveys and assessment of the current situation of hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions over the past years Answer the questions: What are the quantity, scale; quality; the achievements and limitations of the hi-tech agricultural structure in the Red River Delta regions? What are the causes for the achievements and limitations of hightech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions? What is the conflict needs resolving? Third, proposing a system of views and solutions to promoting high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions in the coming time In order to solve the contradictions from high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions, the thesis indicates which basic perspectives should be identified to promote this process? Based on the identified views, what system of solutions needed for high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions? What are the measures to implement the proposed solutions? Conclusion chapter High-tech agriculture and its development are considered as new topic with large scale In recent years, there have been several scientific works by domestic and foreign authors mentioning this issue under different approaches The PhD student has reviewed 41 typical studies, including 17 foreign and 24 domestic studies, respectively On that basis, the thesis generalizes the main results; clarifying the results of typical works related to the thesis topic, identifying the content that can be inherited and selected, as well as clarifying the scientific gaps that need further research to increase knowledge about hi-tech agriculture development in the Red River Delta region Accordingly, the graduate student identifies three issues need further addressing in the form of a system of questions to facilitate the research and solving each point Chapter THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHTECH AGRICULTURE IN THE RED RIVER DELTA AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE 2.1 High-tech agriculture and development of high-tech agriculture by regions 2.1.1 High-tech agriculture 2.1.1.1 The conception of agriculture Agriculture is defined as the basic physical production of the society, including many specialties, using land as means of production mainly combined with labour to cultivate and raise food for human consumption and some ingredients for different industrial; including forestry and fisheries in a broader sense Thus, agriculture is seen as one of the three basic production sectors of the society (agriculture, industry, and services) and plays a very important role It is an industry related to plants and animals; using land as the main means of production, combining with labour force to create food for human consumption and provide a part of raw materials for different industries Agricultural production is highly seasonal, depends on natural conditions and growth processes of plants and animals; The result of labour depends not only on the waste of labour, but sometimes also on nature; Agriculture is divided in broad terms (cultivation, animal husbandry, forestry, fisheries and salt production) and in a narrow sense (cultivation, animal husbandry) 2.1.1.2 The conception of high technology 10 According to the author: Technology is a combination of methods, processes, skills, tools and means to convert resources into products or services desired to serve social life Technology has four elements: system of equipment and machines; know-how, processes and manuals; direct producer skill level; organizational, managerial and executive qualifications of the system of management officials at all levels The author states that: High technology is a technology with high scientific content, capable of creating products and services of good quality and outstanding features, friendly with the environment, thereby forming new production and service industries or modernizing the existing production and service industries 2.1.1.3 The conception of high-tech agriculture The author claims that high-tech agriculture is a type of agricultural production organization conducted by actors based on the application of appropriate high technology in all stages of the production process, in order to create a breakthrough in terms of productivity, quality of agricultural products, competitiveness, meeting market requirements, achieving high economic efficiency and protecting the ecological environment First, high-tech agriculture is a type of agricultural production Although high-tech agriculture has production objects of plants and animals to create agricultural, forestry and fishery products to satisfy social needs and by economic actors (directly and indirectly) conducted as traditional agricultural production However, high-tech agriculture has an advanced, intelligent and modern production level, based on a hightech foundation such as automatic technology, biotechnology, economical irrigation technology, which is applied in agriculture with modern, synchronous technical processes and high value-added chain production Second, high technology is applied appropriately in agriculture High-tech agriculture is based on a high-tech platform However, because agriculture is a production industry whose object is plants and animals, including many stages Accordingly, it is not possible to apply at the same time or all kinds of high technology to all stages and steps of the production process, which can only be applied appropriately high technology (both in quantity, types and usages) to certain stages and steps to form a synchronous system, tight, intelligent, convenient and highly effective in application Third, high-tech agriculture creates a breakthrough in productivity, quality and competitiveness of agricultural products 11 This is both the goal and the driving force of high-tech agriculture, because the high-tech agricultural development process integrates many disciplines from electronic technology, mechanics, automation, chemistry, digital technology, information and communication technology, biotechnology, meteorology, finance business administration, processing and preservation On that basis, it will create productivity and diversity on product categories, highly competitive, meeting market demands, and bringing high economic efficiency Fourth, high-tech agriculture contributes to the protection and development of a sustainable ecological environment High-tech agriculture not only creates outstanding productivity and quality, but through the application of advanced science and technology, and it also create a healthy environment for producers, safer for consumers, limiting exhaustion of natural resources, minimizing environmental pollution, which contributes to environmental protection and sustainable development of the ecosystems 2.1.1.4 The particular features of high-tech agriculture Unlike conventional (traditional) agriculture, high-tech agriculture has its own characteristics Specifically: First, the investment and capital recovery of high-tech agriculture are large with potential risk This is a unique feature of high-tech agricultural production Because, investment in the development of high-tech agriculture always needs more capital than conventional (traditional) agriculture, because, investment must be made to build modern and synchronous infrastructure; purchasing and operating high-tech systems; accumulating, concentrating and improving land on a large enough scale for industrial production; research, development, application of science and technology (focusing on high technology); training, using highquality human resources together with the costs in the process of organizing production, processing and consumptions With great investment and organization of high-tech agricultural production on an industrial scale, it will create a large volume of products with high quality, ensure clean and safe, large product competitiveness and account for market, thereby bringing added value and high economic efficiency so as to recover its capitals Besides, capital investment to develop high-tech agriculture is also more risky and risky than other industries Since high-tech agricultural development is a new direction, there is no precedent and lack of experience in organizing production, so it is easy to make mistakes In addition, with production objects being plants and animals, 12 so more or less depends on weather conditions, nature, seasonality, disease, market and the success and failure of high tech application in agricultural production; On the other hand, due to the large investment capital, long time to recover capital, difficult access to loans, high interest rates, etc also create a liquidity risk pressure for capital when it is spent on high tech agricultural development Second, application of high-tech agriculture in agricultural production Apply high technology in agricultural production with a large enough area of agricultural land, along with industrial-oriented, largescale production Accordingly, the development of high-tech agriculture requires a change in production method from manual labour to agricultural mechanization, application of advanced and modern technologies (mainly high technology) into stages, processes of production, processing, and product consumption so as to minimize the negative impacts of nature, limit and eliminate epidemics, improve labour productivity and be function on a large enough agricultural land scale, meeting the requirements of building zones, regions, hightech agricultural models and practicing mechanization, applying new technologies in the direction of concentrating industry with largescale, professional and modern to create products with large quantity, high quality, competitiveness and economic efficiency to meet the increasing demand of the consuming and exporting market Third, high-tech agriculture creates the products of high quality and high added value The products created by high-tech agriculture are of high quality, diversity and safety High-tech agriculture not only provides food, food to feed people, raw materials for some industries but also products as functional foods, supporting medical treatment, improving public health service Due to the application of new technology, high technology and advanced and modern production processes in agriculture, the value of products created is largely due to human grey matter High-tech agriculture enables the creation of clean, safe, and environmentally friendly products; In addition, hightech agriculture can create product lines that are functional foods that support, cure and improve the health of consumers High-tech agricultural products are diverse, including physical (food, highquality food, clean, safe) and intangible (green tourism, ecotourism, community-based tourism, nutritional products) with high added value Fourth, high-tech agriculture is organized in a closed model, in accordance with the market and the ecological environment 13 Hi-tech agricultural products are produced, processed and consumed according to a closed process, from research and development to their application in production; from inputs to outputs; Basic steps are automatic and strictly controlled; Focus on the fields of selecting, creating and propagating new plants and animals with genetic engineering and genetic engineering; disease prevention; creating materials, machines and equipment used in agriculture; preserving and processing agricultural products; developing high-tech agricultural enterprises, high-tech services for agriculture, etc.; Simultaneously, the market is a very important and decisive factor to the survival of high-tech agriculture, the determination of composition, territory, rate of labour, science and technology, The quality and quality of the product will be influenced by the market In addition, the hightech agricultural development process, due to the application of new technology, high technology and an advanced, modern and synchronous production process, is always protected; it is developed in harmony with other industries in terms of economy, society and environment, towards a smart, modern and sustainable agriculture Fifth, research, testing, development, transfer and application of new and high technologies are promoted in hitech agricultural development This is one of the unique features of high-tech agriculture Since in the process of high-tech agriculture, at the same time, it is also the process of promoting research, testing, development, transfer and application of high technology in agriculture and explore and explore new things to maximizing the potentials, strengths and practical conditions of each locality, region, territory, country towards a smart, modern and sustainable agriculture This process will open up a new agricultural sector such as: "Oceanic agriculture"; "Breeding of the ocean"; "Forestry of the ocean", "Agriculture" with high economic efficiency 2.1.2 The conception and the role of hi-tech agricultural development by regions 2.1.2.1 The conception of developing high-tech agriculture by regions The author states that: development of high-tech agriculture by regions is an increase in quantity, expansion in scale, improvement of quality and improvement of the structure of hi-tech agriculture in the territory to create a breakthrough in productivity, quality of agricultural products, competitiveness to meet market requirements, achieving high economic efficiency and protecting the ecological environment 14 The above-mentioned conception has indicated the purpose, the subject, the content and the method of the development of industrial technology in the territory Accordingly, the aim is to create a breakthrough in productivity, quality of agricultural products, competitiveness to meet market requirements, to achieve high economic efficiency and to protect the ecological environment The subjects of high-tech agricultural development of the region include direct and indirect subjects, and each subject has a different role The content of high-tech agricultural development in the territory is to increase the quantity, expand the scale, improve the quality and perfect the structure of high-tech agriculture in the region The mode of development: mobilize and use effectively resources (internal and external resources) for high-tech agricultural development Accordingly, it is necessary to have a scientific plan for the development of high-tech agriculture; formulating mechanisms and policies to be suitable with practical conditions to promote organizations, individuals and economic sectors inside and outside the Region to actively participate in the development of hi-tech agriculture; linkages in production, processing and consumption must be closely and sustainably built for value chain production, in order to improve labour productivity as well as quantity, quality and competitiveness of agriculture products meet market requirements in line with high economic efficiency and ecological environment 2.1.2.2 The role of high-tech agricultural development by regions First, development of high-tech agriculture creates a large volume of products with high productivity and quality, contributing to economic growth in the region Second, development of high-tech agriculture will minimize the dependence from the outside, creating the initiative in production Third, development of hi-tech agriculture contributes to improving the competitiveness and added value of agricultural products in the market Fourth, high-tech agricultural development attracts and promotes the role of all economic sectors Fifth, high-tech agricultural development helps to boost production forces Sixth, development of high-tech agriculture contributes to promoting the improvement of production relations and in accordance with the development of production forces in the region 2.2 The conceptions, the contents, the evaluation criteria and the factors affecting high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions 15 2.2.1 The conception of developing high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions The conception of high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions is perceived as follows: Development of high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions is an increase in quantity, expansion of scale, improvement of quality and improvement of the structure of hi-tech agriculture carried out by actors, in order to create to make a breakthrough in productivity, quality of agricultural products, competitiveness to meet market requirements, achieve high economic efficiency and protect the ecological environment in the region The above-mentioned conception states that: The purposes of high-tech agricultural development: are to create a breakthrough in productivity, quality of agricultural products, competitiveness to meet market requirements, to achieve high economic efficiency and ecological environment in the region The subjects of high-tech agricultural development: are Party committees, Party organizations and governments at all levels; Agricultural cooperatives; farmer households; enterprises (domestic and foreign) investing and developing high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions region Each subject has its own functions and tasks, but it is oriented towards the development of high-tech agriculture in the region Specifically: Party committees and Party organizations at all levels in the area play the leading role, directing and proposing guidelines and measures for high-tech agricultural development in the area The central government (including: the State agencies, Government, ministries and branches at central level, especially the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of Planning and Investment, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Industry Trade, Ministry of Science and Technology, etc.) has the role of implementing, building planning, planning, issuing mechanisms and policies to mobilize resources, creating a legal corridor for high-tech agricultural development; to directly direct, manage and administer provinces and cities in the Red River Delta regions Local authorities (People's Committees from provinces, cities to communes and wards) have the direct role to develop, implement, and implement the local High-Tech Agricultural Development Program Simultaneously, they inspect, supervise, and support production and circulation of hi-tech agricultural products 16 The cooperatives; enterprise; farmer households are the subjects directly involved in the development of high-tech agriculture; in which, agricultural enterprises, hi-tech agricultural enterprises play a key role; At the same time, it is a core force that decides to develop high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions The modes of high-tech agricultural development: In the context of our country's increasingly deep international integration along with the strong development of science and technology and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, to develop agriculture The following methods and measures should be taken to develop high-tech industries in the Red River Delta regions: First, through investment activities of the State and localities to implement the tasks of developing high-tech agriculture Second, through autonomous and self-responsible activities of individuals and organizations on high-tech agricultural development investment activities in the Red River Delta regions region Third, through cooperation and association to develop high-tech agriculture Fourth, promote the development of hi-tech agricultural zones and regions; strengthening international cooperation, attracting investment and market expansion 2.2.2 The content and criteria for evaluating the development of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions 2.2.2.1 Increasing the number and expanding the scale of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions 2.2.2.2 Improving the quality of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions 2.2.2.3 Completing the structure of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions 2.2.3 The factors affecting high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions 2.2.3.1 Group of objective factors First, the natural conditions Second, the development of science and technology Third, the State's mechanisms and policies on high-tech agricultural development Fourth, the international economic integration Fifth, the agricultural markets and consumption trends Sixth, the urbanization 2.2.3.2 Group of subjective factors First, the role of the local political system 17 Second, the capital for high-tech agricultural development Third, the human resources Fourth, the socio-economic infrastructure of the region Fifth, the agricultural practices in the Red River Delta regions 2.3 Experience in high-tech agricultural development of some regions in the world and lessons learned for the Red River Delta regions 2.3.1 Experience in high-tech agricultural development of some regions in some countries in the world 2.3.1.1 Experience of Negev in Israel 2.3.1.2 Experience of Hokkaido in Japan 2.3.1.3 Experience of the Mekong Delta in Thailand 2.3.2 Lessons learned for high-tech agricultural development for the Red River Delta regions 2.3.2.1 Promote research and application of science and technology to agricultural production 2.3.2.2 Pay attention to formulating and implementing policies to support high-tech agricultural development 2.3.2.3 Strengthen the link "5 houses", promote trade promotion, expand markets and promote the role of cooperatives in high-tech agricultural development Conclusion chapter By studying the conceptions summarized by scientific works, the author builds the following conceptions: agriculture; high technology; high-tech agriculture; hi-tech agriculture development by regions At the same time, the chapter builds the conception of high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta region with clear goals, subjects, contents and methods, serving as the foundation for identifying views and feasible solutions Based on the conceptual interpretation, the chapter analyses the content and the factors affecting the development of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta; by inheriting the experience of hi-tech agricultural development from different regions in the world, the author has drawn 03 lessons to apply for the Red River Delta Chapter THE CURRENT SITUATION OF HIGH-TECH AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE RED DELTA RIVER 3.1 The achievements and limitations in developing high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions 3.1.1 The achievements 18 3.1.1.1 The number and scale of high-tech agriculture have increased significantly First, the number and size of zones, regions and hi-tech agricultural models in the Red River Delta regions have increased and expanded significantly Second, the scale of inputs such as capital, labour, science and technology, and land for high-tech agricultural development is continuously increasing 3.1.1.2 The quality of high-tech agricultural production in the Red River Delta regions has initially been improved First, the application of advanced science and technology and high technology in the development of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions has been significantly improved in recent years Second, the quality of human resources initially meets the requirements of high-tech agricultural development in the region Third, the productivity, quality and competitiveness of hi-tech agricultural products in the Red River Delta regions have been significantly raised, gradually meeting the standards of Vietnam, the region and the world 3.1.1.3 The economic structure of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions has been gradually completed, in a rational and modern manner, in line with the conditions of each locality First, the structure of the industry and high-tech agricultural products have been increasingly completed in the direction of industrialization and modernization, meeting the needs of the market, exploiting the potential and strengths of each locality, bringing high economic efficiency Second, the economic structure of the region has shifted towards diversification, increasing the proportion of hi-tech agricultural zones and regions, exploiting the potential and strengths of each locality Third, the economic component structure in the process of participating in hi-tech agricultural development has been gradually improved in a positive direction 3.1.2 The limitations 3.1.2.1 The number of projects in zones, regions and hi-tech agricultural models in the Red River Delta regions are not many, and some projects remain small First, the number and scale of hi-tech agricultural zones and regions have not met the set target; the main model of high-tech agricultural production is small, and the number of businesses investing in this model is inadequate 19 Second, the scale of input factors (capital, labour, science and technology, land) for the development of industrial agriculture has not been expanded 3.1.2.2 The quality of high-tech agricultural production in the Red River Delta regions is still incomplete First, the application of advanced science and technology and high technology in agricultural production is not much, and the uniformity is not high; the practice of advanced production processes of organizations and individuals in hi-tech agricultural development still has many shortcomings Second, the quality of human resources is not uniform and meets the requirements of high-tech agricultural development Third, the productivity, quality and competitiveness of high-tech agricultural products present shortcomings compared to national, regional, international standards and market requirements 3.1.2.3 The structure of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions, to some extent, is not appropriate First, the internal structure of the industry and the presence of high-tech agricultural products are not reasonable Second, the development of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions is not uniform Third, the rate of state economy and collective economy participating in the development of high-tech agriculture is low, whereas, that of private economy is high 3.2 The causes of achievements, shortcomings and the issues need solving from the current situation of high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions 3.2.1 The causes for the achievements 3.2.1.1 The objective causes First, the Red River Delta regions have many advantages and advantages for development of high-tech agriculture Second, there is the Party and State's interest in development of high-tech agriculture Third, the demand from domestic and international markets for hitech agricultural products is increasing Fourth, the scientific and technological revolution and integration trend are creating favourable conditions for development of high-tech agriculture in the region 3.2.1.2 The subjective causes First, there is concern in leading and directing all levels of Party committees and local authorities in the region 20 Second, the activeness and initiative of organizations and individuals in the development of high-tech agriculture in the region 3.2.2 The causes for the limitations 3.2.2.1 The objective causes First, high-tech agricultural production contains many risky factors such as large investment, slow and long time to pay back, and unstable prices Second, the legal system and policies for agricultural research development still have many shortcomings 3.2.2.2 The subjective causes First, the planning work and plans for high-tech agricultural development of localities in the region are still slow, failing to promote the region's potentials and strengths Second, the local high-tech agricultural development mechanisms and policies are inadequate and insufficient Third, the region's human resources and infrastructure system and services have not met the requirements for high-tech agricultural development 3.2.3 The issues need solving from the current situation of high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions First, the current contradiction between the requirements for hitech agricultural development and the mechanisms and policies in the Red River Delta regions remain inadequate Second, the contradiction between the requirements for high-tech agricultural development and the limited availability of resources in the Red River Delta regions Third, there are still many shortcomings between the region's requirements for hi-tech agricultural development and the region's ability to research, develop, and apply science and technology into agriculture Fourth, the contradiction between the requirements for high-tech agricultural development with the limitations of infrastructure and the ability to link production under the value chain of the region Conclusion chapter In the past recent years, high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta has developed significantly and comprehensively in terms of quantity, size, quality and structure Its scale is concentrated and expanded, forming hitech agricultural zones and regions with increasingly large volumes of agricultural products; the quality, efficiency and competitiveness are increased; the structure is in a suitable, modern and sustainable direction Yet, the number and scale of projects in zones, regions, hi-tech agricultural models in the Red River Delta remain inadequate, the quality is not comprehensive and the structure is not relevant 21 On that basis, the thesis identifies 04 basic problems that need to be addressed Accordingly, it is essential to have a system of feasible solutions in order to deal with the above-mentioned issues Chapter THE VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO DEVELOPING HIGHTECH AGRICULTURE IN THE RED RIVER DELTA REGIONS IN THE COMING TIME 4.1 The viewpoints on developing high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions in the coming time 4.1.1 Development of high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions must be in line with the socio-economic development plans of each locality in the region and closely linked with regions in the country First, strictly comply with the planning for high-tech agricultural development Second, perfect the planning for high-tech agricultural development Third, high-tech agricultural development programs and plans ensure science and reality Fourth, build close and sustainable links 4.1.2 Development of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions must be in line with the trend of scientific and technological progress, associated with the needs of domestic and foreign markets First, rely on advanced science and technology, high technology Second, promote research, development, transfer and application of high technology in agriculture Third, promote synchronous and modern technical infrastructure systems Fourth, respect the economic laws, especially the law of supply and demand 4.1.3 Development of high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions requires the drastic and synchronous participation of the political system and the voluntary participation of the entire population First, promote the leadership role of the Party Committees at all levels Second, pay attention to the linkage between farmers, cooperatives and businesses Third, promote the role of related functional agencies 4.1.4 Development of high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions must be based on promoting the potentials and strengths of each locality 22 First, select appropriate high-tech agricultural development for each locality in the Region Second, well implement the linkage "5 houses" in the development of high-tech agriculture Third, promote the role of enterprises in high-tech agricultural development Fourth, apply appropriate forms of agricultural production organization with high technology 4.1.5 Combine internal and external forces in high-tech agricultural development First, determine that internal force is decisive and external force is important Second, effectively exploit local resources Third, combine investment attraction, cooperation, partnership, and foreign resource exploitation Fourth, combine the central and key investment with socialization in mobilizing and using resources 4.2 The solutions to developing high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions in the coming time 4.2.1 Constructing and completing the master plan for hi-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions First, review and supplement programs, master plans and plans for high-tech agricultural development Second, link hi-tech agricultural development programs, and plans with the local socio-economic development planning Third, properly implement the master plan for high-tech agricultural development Fourth, promote the regional linkage mechanism 4.2.2 Mobilize and use different resources for high-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions First, exploit and use land resources for the region's hi-tech agricultural development Second, mobilize and use investment capital for high-tech agricultural development in the region Third, improve the efficiency of human resources in developing hi-tech agriculture 4.2.3 Promote research, development and application of new and high technology in agriculture 23 First, focus on the task of research, application and development of high technology in agricultural production fields, stages and processes of the region Second, improve the efficiency of state management for scientific and technological activities to meet the requirements of high-tech agricultural development 4.2.4 Strengthen the building and completing linkages in hightech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions First, thoroughly grasp and effectively implement the Party and State's mechanisms and policies in supporting high-tech agricultural investment Second, build a strong link between farmers and businesses Third, build links between farmers and farmers to form hi-tech agricultural cooperatives Fourth, strengthen intra-regional and inter-regional links Fifthly, build sustainable production - processing - consumption links Sixth, promote the link "5 houses" 4.2.5 Build modern and synchronous infrastructure; promote trade promotion, expand markets for high-tech agricultural development First, promote the construction of synchronous and modern infrastructure Second, promote trading activities and expand markets for hi-tech agricultural development Conclusion chapter Basing on the perspectives of hi-tech agriculture development in the Red River Delta region; this chapter analyses the achievements, limitations and causes of this process over the years; In order to ensure a fast and sustainable development of high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta region, basic viewpoints are taken into consideration With the guiding viewpoints, it is necessary to synchronously implement the solutions outlined in this thesis so as to promote the rapid and sustainable development of high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta 24 CONCLUSION High-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions in the implementation of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization is of paramount importance However, facing the impact of urbanization, climate change, international integration and the industrial revolution 4.0, the requirements of the current agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization, the development of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions is posing several issues need studying systematically and thoroughly High-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions is to focus on increasing quantity, expanding in scale, improving the quality and perfecting the structure of hi-tech agriculture This development requires the active, proactive and creative participation of the actors in the Region and strong support from the Central; simultaneously, there are synchronous, feasible and oriented development modes to create outstanding productivity, quality, competitiveness and high economic efficiency, ensuring a sustainable ecological environment in the region High-tech agricultural development in the Red River Delta regions is currently governed by a system of objective and subjective factors In the system of factors there are also natural conditions; scientific and technological development; State mechanisms and policies; international economic integration and market, the trend of consuming agricultural products But the most direct and strong impact is the system of subjective factors such as the role of the local political system; capital for high-tech agricultural development; socio-economic infrastructure and agricultural production practices That requires the process of high-tech agricultural development to focus comprehensively, consider all impacting factors to achieve high efficiency in order to increase the number and expand the scale; improve quality and perfect the structure Within the limited scope of the thesis, the author only studies the experiences of successful high-tech agricultural development in Negev of Israel, Hokkaido of Japan and the Mekong Delta of Thailand in recent years and draw the lessons, namely: Promote research and application of science - high technology in agricultural production; pay attention to formulating and implementing policies to support hi-tech agricultural development; strengthen link "5 houses", promote advertising and trade promotion, expand markets and promote the role of cooperatives in development of high-tech agriculture On that basis, localities in the Red River Delta regions can research, inherit and apply creatively, in accordance with their location 25 High-tech agricultural development activities in the Red River Delta regions in recent years have made several significant achievements, gradually increasing the quantity and expanding the scale of hi-tech agriculture; the quality of high-tech agriculture has been improved markedly; hi-tech agricultural structure has been increasingly completed However, development of high-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions also reveals some limitations in terms of quantity, size, quality and structure, not commensurate with the potentials and strengths of the region, failing to meet the goals of high-tech agricultural development as well as the implementation of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization It is vital to thoroughly grasp guiding points of view in order to sustainably develop hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions region; at the same time , a system of basic solutions should be deployed and implemented synchronously: building and completing the planning; effectively mobilizing and using resources; promoting activities of research, development and application of high technology in agriculture; strengthening building and perfecting; building synchronous and modern infrastructure; expanding the relevant markets During the implementation process, it is crucial to continue to invest to perfect the theoretical and practical basis; identifying views and solutions for more effective implementation of hi-tech agriculture in the Red River Delta regions, contributing to the process of agricultural and rural industrialization and modernization in the region as well as in the whole country ... Development in the Red River Delta regions by Phi Van Hanh (2016); Agricultural Development in Vietnam: Achievements and Constraints by Pham Thi Thanh Binh (2017); Development of Commodity Agriculture... participation of the entire population First, promote the leadership role of the Party Committees at all levels Second, pay attention to the linkage between farmers, cooperatives and businesses Third, promote... for Precision Smart Farming by Zafar Abbas, Ajay Kumar Tiwari, Annamaria Castrignano, Gabriele Buttafuoco, Raj Khosla, Abdul Mouazen, Dimitrios Moshou, Oli vier Naud (2020) 1.1.2 The studies in
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