Phát triển nông nghiệp hàng hóa ở vùng đồng bằng sông hồng TT TIENG ANH

1 INTRODUCTION Reason for choosing thesis topic Agriculture is the basic material production of society Under any circumstances, Agriculture always plays the role of the foundation, which is the support for the stable and sustainable socioeconomic development of the country Agricultural economic development has always been identified by the Party as one of the strategic issues in the process of industrialization and modernization and international economic integration The 10th Congress of the Party affirmed that: At present and in the coming years, the issue of agriculture, farmers and rural areas is strategically important It is important to attach great importance to industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in order to build a large, diversified, fast and sustainable agriculture The Red River Delta is a large agricultural area of the country with tradition, potential and strength in agricultural production After more than 30 years of innovation (from 1986 to present), the development of commodity agriculture in the Red River Delta has achieved remarkable achievements with revolutionary significance, greatly contributing to the socio- Economic development of the region and the whole country However, comparing with the requirements and potential strengths of the region, this development exist many limitations: small scale, scattered production; The productivity, quality and competitiveness of agricultural commodities are low; The structure of agricultural economy is still traditional, moving toward commodities slowly and unsustainablely; At the same time, it also sets out the urgent issues that need to be addressed: expanding the scale of production of agricultural commodities business; further improving the productivity, quality and competitiveness of agricultural commodities; reorganizing the production of commodity farm in a global, effective and sustainable value chain; Searching and expanding the output markets for agricultural commodities and creating a favorable business environment to promote the agricultural commodities in the region to develope 2 Given the strong impact of the fourth industrial revolution, the globalization trend, international economic integration, trade liberalization and the need to accelerate the industrialization and modernization of the country, and the development of the socialist-oriented market economy makes the objective, relationship and mode of agricultural development change that requires to research both theoretical and practical aspects, then proposing ideas and solutions to develop the commodity agriculture of the comprehensive, modern and sustainable region, actively and effectively participate in the global agro-product value chain The development of commodity agriculture in the Red River Delta has important implications both in theory and practice, but has not been thoroughly and systematically studied, in terms of political scientific economy This is a science relevant to the subject that the researcher has studied, researched and taught; At the same time, with the experience gained through practical activities in some regions in the Red River Delta, together with the guidance and assistance of scientists to allow PhD students to deploy successful thesis From the bases above, the PhD student selected the topic "Agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta" as a doctoral thesis on Political Economy Purposes and research tasks Purpose: To clarify the theoretical and practical base of agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta, thus proposing ideas and solutions to promote commodity agriculture in this region in the coming time Research tasks: Overview of research related to thesis topic; Building the theoretical foundation for the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta; surveying experiences in some countries, the socio-economic region in the country on the development of agricultural commodity, drawing lessons for the Red River Delta; Assessing the current situation, pointing out the causes and issues that need to be addressed under the current situation of agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta from 2010 to 2017; Proposing ideas and solutions for developing agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta in the following years Subjects and scope of research Subjects: Agricultural commodity development Scope of research: Content: The thesis on access to agriculture includes: agriculture, forestry and fishery; Focus on clarifying the increase in size and quantity; improve the quality and complete the structure of commodity economy from a scientific and political viewpoint and place it in close relation with the process of agricultural restructuring of the with the process of agricultural restructuring of the whole country Space: The thesis studied in the Red River Delta of Vietnam, covering 11 provinces / cities: Hanoi, Vinh Phuc, Bac Ninh, Quang Ninh, Hai Duong, Hai Phong, Hung Yen, Thai Binh, Ha Nam, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh Time: Time to survey the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta from 2010 to 2017 and propose directions for development in the following years Theoretical, practical bases and research methods Theoretical bases: The thesis is based on the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism; Ho Chi Minh’s ideology; The viewpoints and lines of the Communist Party of Vietnam on the development of commodity economy and agricultural commodity in the socialistoriented market economy and international economic integration Practical bases: Basing on the factual surveys in some countries, the socio-economic region and the realities of developing the agricultural commodity in the Red River delta through the published data and materials of state agencies and 11 provinces and cities in the Red River Delta Research methods Basing on the methodology of dialectical materialism of Marxism-Leninism, the thesis uses the following methods: scientific abstract method, logical and historical combining, analysis and synthesis, statistics, comparison and expert methods New contributions of the thesis The dissertation proposed and clarified the concept and interpretation of the three basic contents and criteria for each item of agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta; The thesis analyzed, assessesed the real situation, identified the causes and pointed out the five critical issues that need to be addressed in the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta; From theoretical , practical base and issues that need solving, the thesis proposed four viewpoints and six solutions to develop agriculture commodity in the Red River Delta in the coming time Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis Contributing to clear explaination about the theory and practice development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta The results of the thesis are theoretical and practical basis for the local authorities to guide development of agricultural commodity at present The thesis can be used as learning materials, teaching and scientific research on agriculture and agricultural commodity development The structure of the thesis The dissertation includes: Introduction, chapters (10 periods), list of published works, list of references and appendix Chapter OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCHES RELATED TO THE THESIS 1.1 Foreign researches related to the topic 1.1.1 Researches on agricultural development Park Sung Sang (1977), “Growth and Development: A Physical Output and Employment Strategy”; Harry T.Oshima (1987), “Economic Growth in Monsoon: A Comparative Servey”; Michael Paul Todaro (1989), “Economic Development in the Third World ; Zhen Zhong (2014), “Increasing Subsidies for China's Agriculture ; Mekdum Winai (2015), “New Farmer Development in Agricultural Land Reform Area in Thailand ”; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2015), “Agricultural development policy of Vietnam in 2015 ” 1.1.2 Reseaches on agricultural commodity development M Ataman Aksoy, John C.Beghin (2005), “Global agricultural trade and developing countries”; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2015), “The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2015 - 2016”; Borrown Tanrattanaphong (2015), “Successful Cases of Agricultural Cooperatives Marketing Activities for Improving Marketing”; The World Bank (WB) (2016), “Transforming Vietnamese agriculture : gaining more from less”; Zhen Zhong (2016), “Development of Agricultural Product Market System ”; Zhen Zhong (2017), “Recent Development of Agricultural Products Market System in China ” 1.2 Research works in the country related to the Tran Thanh (2010), "Mekong Delta Agricultural Development and Its Impact on Strengthening of the Provincial Defense Region (City) in Military Zone at present"; Doan Xuan Thuy (2011), "Policy for supporting agricultural development in Vietnam today"; Nguyen Tran Trong (2011), "Vietnamese agricultural development in the integrated market economy in the period of 2011-2020"; Doan Tranh (2012), "Quang Nam agricultural development in the period 2011 – 2020; Vu Trong Binh (2013), "Characteristics of new agriculture in the context of industrialization, modernization, globalization"; Dang Kim Son (2014), "Renovating Vietnam Agricultural Policy - Context, Needs and Prospects"; Southwest Steering Committee, the Ministry of Planning and Investment and the Ministry of Industry and Trade (2014), "Trade promotion, agricultural investment and rural areas in the Mekong Delta"; Vo Xuan Tien (2015), "Promoting the restructuring of Vietnamese agriculture" Institute of Economics and Policy, Universiry of Economics - Hanoi National University (2015), "Development of link forms to overcome the limitations of household economy in the context of integration"; Vietnam Economic News, Central Economic Commission, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2016), "Safe Agriculture: Solutions to Promote Responsibility in Management of Agricultural Value Chain"; Nguyen Quoc Dung (2016), "Economic, social and environmental benefits of the" big field model "in the Mekong Delta; Tran Quang Trung (2017), "Linking business production in agriculture - Theory and practice in processing farm product of raw materials for animal feed"; Luong Trung Thanh, Thinh Van Khang, Nguyen Thi Lan Huong (2017), "Development of cooperative economy in agriculture in Thanh Hoa province"; Pham Thi Thanh Binh (2018), "Comparative Study of Agricultural Policy in China, Thailand, Israel and lessons learned for Vietnam" 1.2.2 Reseaches on the development of commodity economy in agriculture and rural areas Pham Van Huynh (1993), "Development of Agricultural commodity following to socialist orientation in Vietnam"; Le Minh Department (1995), "Developing the rural economy of goods and its impact on the task of building the armed forces of Vietnam today"; Mai Van Bao (2000), "Agricultural commodity development in the process of industrialization and modernization in our country"; Bui Van Can (2001), "Developing commodity economy in the process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the Red River Delta"; Tran Xuan Chau (2002), "Accelerating the development of commodity agriculture in Vietnam today" Nguyen Thanh Long (2001), "Factors influencing the development of commodity agriculture in the Red River Delta provinces in the period of industrialization and modernization"; Lai Ngoc Thanh (2010), "The Impact of Land fragmentation on the development of commodity production in the Red River Delta"; Do Thi Thanh Loan (2015), "Restructuring agricultural economy in the Red River Delta in the context of international economic integration"; Phi Van Hanh (2016), "Sustainable agricultural development in the Red River Delta"; Pham Van Hien (2017), "Development of science and technology for agriculture in the Red River Delta" 1.3 The main results of the related works and posed issues need solving in the thesis 1.3.1 The main results of the published works related to thesis topic Studying published scientific works related to thesis that the researcher have conditions to consult shows that: Firstly, about theory of agricultural commodity and development of Agricultural commodity, The works presented the concept and characteristics of agricultural commodity, pointing out the law of development of agricultural commodity, especially some doctoral dissertations have brought the concept, content, clarification of characteristics, roles and conditions for developing agricultural commodity in Vietnam With these contents, the researcher will be studied, inherited and clarified when building the basis for the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta Secondly, about experience on developing agricultural commodity A number of reference books, theses have summarized the results, achievements, experiences in agricultural development, agricultural commodity of Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, China and Israel… From that, drawing lessons for development subject These generalizations are the basis for the study of the practical experience of agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta closely to reality Thirdly, about the real situation of agricultural commodity development Scientific studies have shown the achievements and limitations of agricultural commodity development in our country in recent years Evaluation results in these works are the basis for the dissertation review, objective and comprehensive evaluation about the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta Fourthly, about the viewpoints, solutions on the development agricultural commodity Most of the works have proposed a system of viewpoints and solutions on the development of agricultural commodity quite comprehensively, closely to reality in Vietnam The above proposals, will be studied by the author of the thesis, applied in the general direction, proposed solutions to develop agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta 1.3.2 Posed issues need solving in the thesis From the general results of the scientific works related to the thesis topic, posing problems that continues solving in the thesis: Firstly, what is the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta, what is the content and criteria for evaluating this development? Secondly, how is the situation of agricultural commodity development in the Red River delta, the problems that need to be solved? Thirdly, to promote agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta to develop in the near future what viewpoints and solutions should be implemented? To answer the above questions, the dissertation focuses on clarifying the following issues: Firstly, building concept, identifying content, and concretizing the development criteria for agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta Secondly, researching the practical experiences of agricultural commodity development in a number of countries and socio-economic regions in the country, drawing lessons for localities in the Red River delta in developing the agricultural commodity Thirdly, objectively surveying and evaluating the situation of agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta over the past time and pointing out the really urgent issues that need to focus onl efforts to solve in the coming time Fourthly, proposing viewpoints, practical and feasible solutions, to develop agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta in the coming time Summary of chapter In chapter 1, the author has reviewed 12 foreign scientific works, 28 scientific works in the country are monographs, doctoral dissertations, summaries, yearbook and related scientific articles related to the topic of group works from far to close, from the general to the private, outline the main results of the works, from which drawing the problems need to address in the thesis Chapter THEORITICAL BASE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY IN THE RED RIVER DELTA AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE 2.1 General issues in agriculture and agricultural agriculture 2.1.1 Agriculture 2.1.1.1 The concept of agriculture Agriculture is the basic material production of the society: using land for cultivation and animal husbandry, harvesting plants and animals as raw materials and labor to produce food and some raw materials for the industry It is a large manufacturing industry, covering many fields: cultivation, animal husbandry, preliminary processing of agricultural products; In broad terms, it also includes forestry and fisheries 2.1.1.2 Characteristics of agriculture In agricultural production, land is the main production material in agriculture associating with geographic location, can not move Agricultural production is seasonal The objects of agricultural production are crops and livestock Agricultural production í on a large space with clear area From its inception to the present, agriculture has developed in two forms: self-sufficient agriculture and agricultural commodity 2.1.2 Agricultural commodity 2.1.2.1 Concept of agricultural commodity Basing on the research and inhering some scientists in and out country, it can be conceived: Agricultural commodity is part of the type of socio-economic organization that produces agricultural and forestry products, fisheries to meet the social needs through exchanging and trading on the market, bringing benefits to business owners, helping them to carry out the process of reproduction and expansion in production goods 2.1.2.2 The role of agricultural commodity in socio-economic development Agricultural commodity allows to exploit and effectively use resources to create commodity yields that better meet social needs; To make the subjects sharp and creative, improve the quality and efficiency of production and business in commodity yields, and expand the economic and cultural exchanges, break the conservative and closed nature of the region, branch and manufacturing subject 2.2 Concepts, content and factors affecting the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta 2.2.1 Concepts on the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta 2.2.1.1 Concepts on the development of agricultural commodity 10 Basing on the principle of development, economic development and inheritance of previous concepts, it is possible to understand the development of agricultural commodity in which there are development of agricultural commodity in Vietnam on the following specific aspects: Firstly, the development of agricultural commodity is the process of increasing the scale of production, the rate of commodity farm product; improving productivity, quality, efficiency, competitiveness of agricultural commodity and completing the structure of the components of the agricultural commodity ; Secondly, this development is through the practical activity of the leaders, managers, supporters, producers and businessmen to create, mobilize, exploit and use resources efficiently for the development In which, state agencies at all levels shall guide, support and mange the state with the development process; Farmers and enterprises are the dirrect persons deciding on the results of production and trading of commodity farm product; Domestic and foreign investors play an important supporting role and are indispensable Thirdly, development of agricultural commodity aims at stablely developing both social economic and environment in each country and territory; Thứ tư, phát triển nhanh hay chậm phụ thuộc lớn vào điều kiện tự nhiên, kinh tế, trị, văn hóa, xã hội quốc gia, vùng lãnh thổ thời kỳ định Fourthly, the development of this fast or slow depends greatly on the natural, economic, political, cultural and social conditions of each country and territory in each period 2.2.1.2 Conception of agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta From the above approaches, associating with the research scope of the thesis, the author’s conception on the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta as follows: Development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta is the process of increasing in scale and quantity, improving quality and 11 completing the structure of the agricultural commodity economy through leadership, management, production and business activities that the subjects in the region create, mobilize and manage to efficiently use resources for development to ensure food security and contribute to realize the socio-economic development objectives of the region and the whole country The conception above has clearly stated purpose, content, subject, form of development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta 2.2.2 Contents of agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta Associating with the process of agricultural restructuring of the country, development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta focuses on the following contents: 2.2.2.1 To expand the scale of production, increase the volume and proportion of agricultural products to meet the market demand and export This is an important content that reflect the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta in width and focus on the following specific contents: increasing the size and number of agricultural commodity producers and traders in the localities; increasing the volume and proportion of productivity commodity to meet domestic consumption and export demands 2.2.2.2 Improving the productivity, quality, efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta This is the main content, reflecting the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta in depth The content is reflected in the following issues: Improving the quality and competitiveness of productivity commodity to meet market demand Improving the quality and efficiency of production and business activities of agricultural production subjects in the localities in the region Making progressive changes in the socio-economic life and rural and agricultural environment in the Red River delta, 2.2.2.3 Completing the agricultural structure in the Red River delta in the direction of producing goods in a 12 suitable, modern and sustainable manner This is an important content, reflecting the quality and efficiency of agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta The specific content of completing the structure of agricultural commodity economy is: to complete the agricultural economic structure by economic sector and agricultural products To complete the agricultural economic structure in the direction of specializing the regions and sub-regions specializing in commodity farm product, bringing into play the advantages of each locality To complete the agricultural economic structure in the direction of efficiently exploiting the contribution of various economic sectors to the development ofagricultural commodity 2.2.3 Factors affecting the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta The development process of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta is influenced by two factors: natural conditions in the Red River Delta; level of social labor division in the region; the development of the market for agricultural commodity development; the level of international integration of the agricultural sector in the region; the Party's policies and the state’s management capacity for the development of agricultural commodity in region; human resources, traditional history, culture of the region and infrastructure and science and technology in the region's agriculture 2.3 Experience in developing agricultural commodity in some countries, socio-economic region of Vietnam and lessons for the Red River Delta 2.3.1 Experience in developing agricultural commodity in some countries, 2.3.1.1 Experience in China In order to develop the agricultural commodity, the Chinese government has planned a strategy for developing agricultural products associated with each sub-region of commodity production; considering to apply science and technology into production; building the brand, expanding the market of agricultural products; Linking the forms of organizing agricultural production in the value chain and implement ing policies to support farmers 2.3.1.2 Experience in Thailand 13 Experience in the development of agricultural commodity in Thailand included: development of processing industries, rural trades; promoting research and application of science and technology and agricultural mechanization; improving the quality of farmers; renovating the mode of operation for agricultural cooperatives and implementing the policy of agricultural price subsidies and agricultural insurance for farmers 2.3.2 Experience in developing agricultural commodity some socioeconomic region of Vietnam 2.3.2.1.Experience in Mekong Delta The experience in development of agricultural commodity in the Mekong Delta is: selecting agricultural commodities with potential advantages; strengthening to research and apply science and technology into production; developing forms of linking and cooperating in production along the value chain; organizing investment promotion, agricultural trade; supporting ang training farmers However, the production has not attached to the demand of agricultural products, has not paid attention to quality and value 2.3.2.2 Experience in the Central Highlands The development of agricultural commodity, the localities in the Central Highlands of Vietnam has been: Strengthening to link agricultural production along the value chain; studying and applying advanced technologies into production; Organizing investment promotion activities, promoting agricultural products However, the planning and organizing to implement the plan for the development of agricultural commodity is not good 2.3.3 Lessons learned for the Red River Delta in developing agricultural commodity 2.3.3.1 Successful lessons Firsly, needing to build strategy for products at national, regional and local levels in association with productive regions Secondly, focusing on agricultural mechanization and application of science ans technology into production so as to raise productivity and quality of goods Thirdly, developing cooperative economy in the form of linking and cooperating with production subjects to raise the quality of products and 14 production and business efficiency Fourthly, promoting trade promotion activities, expanding market to motivate th development of agricultural commodity Fifthly, focusing on policies to support farmers in production development to meet the requirements of developing modern and sustainable agricultural commodity 2.3.3.2.Unsuccessful lessons Firstly, the planning and implementing the plan for development of agricultural commodity is not good, therefore it led to the imbalance of demand for agricultural products Secondly, production is not linked to the market, not properly evaluated the market leading to failure of agricultural exports Thirdly, the management of agricultural products quality is not tight, leading to increasing agricultural products at low level and environmental pollution Fourthly, the policy for developing agricultural commodity is unsustainable; it will increase the differentiation of farmers Summary of chapter In chapter 2, the author of the thesis has developed a theoretical framework, focused on clarifying concepts, contents and criteria for evaluating the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River delta; Studying the experiences of the development of agricultural commodity in China, Thailand, the Mekong Delta and the Central Highlands of Vietnam, drawing five successful lessons, four unsuccessful lessons for the Red River Delta Chapter REAL SITUATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY IN RED RIVER DELTA IN THE PAST PERIOD 3.1 Achievement and limitation about the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta in the past period 3.1.1 Major achievements in the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta 15 3.1.1.1 The scale of agricultural commodity production has been expanded, the volume of agricultural commodities has increased to meet the needs of the domestic market and export Firstly, the agricultural production in the localities in the region has expanded toward the direction of that commodity production is concentrated, and scale is larger Secondly, the volume and the proportion of agricultural products have increased 3.1.1.2 The productivity, quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the Agricultural Commodity are focused and raised to meet market demand Firstly, the productivity, quality and competitiveness of the products has improved to better meet the market demand Secondly, the level and efficiency of production and business activities of agricultural production subjects in the region has raised Thirdly, the economic, social and rural life of the Red River Delta has improved significantly 3.1.1.3 The structure of agricultural economy has been gradually improved in the direction of commodity production, Firstly, the structure of agricultural products and services has been improved in the direction of industrialization and modernization, meeting the needs of the market, exploiting the potentials of each locality, bringing about high economic efficiency Secondly, the structure of agricultural economy shifted towards increasing the proportion of specialized zones, exploiting the potentials of each locality Thirdly, the structure of the economic component has been improved in the direction of efficiently exploiting the economic components and forms of organizing production and business in agriculture 3.1.2 Some limitations in the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta 3.1.2.1 Scale of agricultural commodity production in region is small, and scattered The number of households using land for rice cultivation under 0.5 still accounts for 90.7%, the number of pig households from to 16 accounts for 58.21%, chicken households under 50 accounts for 82.96% The More than 50% of the microenterprises (less than 10 employees) are microenterprises Average land area of a farm is only 2.0 ha; the average capital of a cooperative fảming is very low: 1,160 million / co-operative fảming Large field models account for only 8.8% of the agricultural land area and 18% of the total number of agricultural, forestry and fishery households in the region 3.1.2.2 The productivity, quality and efficiency of agricultural commodities are low Many forms of agricultural production are still weak and the competitiveness of agriculture is low Firstly, the rate, quality and competitiveness of productivity are low Kinds, product size is not uniformity, model is not beautiful; the rate of productivity of disposable goods is large, the percentage of exported agricultural products is about 10% Disodium, excess of chemicals, preservatives The number of productivity is still low, until February 2018, there are 137 new products in the whole region The price of productivity is unstable, especially in the main season Value of agricultural exports of the region is low, heavily depend on the Chinese market (70% of export turnover) ,Secondly, the level of trading agricultural products is low, many models of agricultural production has not escaped from the state of weakness, low efficiency Number of agricultural laborers has not trained in the region in 2016, accounting for 91 , 07% of total labor in agriculture The highest rate of mechanization in rice production was only 2.9 HP / The number of good agricultural practice units (VietGap) accounted for 0.85% of the total agricultural production units in the region The number of rural households with the largest income from agriculture, forestry and fishery in 2016 decreased by 10.5% compared to 2011, about 70.5% of cooperative farming operated inefficiently; The rate of return on capital for production and business of many foreign enterprises is low Production linkages between foreign enterprises and cooperative farming, farmers are lax, unsustainable Thirdly, agricultural commodity production hasn’t brought economic, social and environmental effects, and not really sustainable The proportion of households with the highest income from agriculture, forestry and fishery in 2016 decreased by 10.5% compared to 2011 The difference in income between the highest income group and the lowest income group in 2010 is 8.8 times, in 17 2016 is 7.9 times Farmers use fertilizer, pesticide improperly and cause loss, waste, affecting the quality of agricultural products The discharge of untreated waste from livestock farms, slaughterhouses and processing areas pollute the environment Forest cover in 2016 is only 6.08% of the total area, 3.1.2.3 The structure of agricultural economy is shifted towards commodity, modern, sustainable are slow and still imbalance Firstly, the economic structure of agriculture, forestry and fishery is shifted towards production cômdity is still slow, unbalanced and unsustainable In 2016, the proportion of agriculture decreased by 5.3%, compared with 2010, but still accounted for 82.98%; aquatic products increased 5.43%, but only accounted for 16.73%; forestry increased 0.01% compared with 2014, but only accounted for 0.29% of the total production value Secondly, the structure of agricultural areas that is shifted towards the formation of specialized zones for intensive cultivation is still inadequate, small scale and lack of close linkage The regions and sub-zones of production are concentrated in small-scale localities (villages and communes), and are still heavy in terms of administrative boundaries but not pay much attention to the expansion of economic space Many areas of production have formed but the infrastructure is not synchronized, not suitable with the development level of the production and social division and the practical conditions of each locality Thirdly, the structure of economic components is still unbalanced, ineffective The state economy tends to decrease in both quantity and size, but still accounts for a large proportion The non-state economy has developed strongly, but most of them are small-scale, with a low proportion Foreign enterprises account for only 0.06%, household economy accounts for 98.9%; farm economy is 0.69% and agriculture cooperative farming accounts for 0.27% of the total agricultural production units in the region 3.2 Reasons for achievements, limitations and problems arising from the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta 3.2.1 Reasons for achievements 18 3.2.1.1 Objective reasons Firstly, due to the concern of the Party leadership and the management of the State, the coordination and guidance of the central ministries and branches Secondly, the requirements of economic integration and liberalization of international trade have created motivation for agricultural commodity of the region to develope Thirdly, The Red River Delta has potential and strengths to develop the agricultural commodity 3.2.1.2 Subjective reasons Firstly, the determination of the Party and local authorities and promoting the role of the head of Hanoi City for the task of developing agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta Secondly, promoting the role of economic sectors and economic organizations in producing and trading productivity Thirdly, the application of advanced science and technology to production has made certain contributions to the development of agricultural commodity 3.2.2 Reason for the limitations 3.2.2.1 Objective reasons Firstly, the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta is dominated by historical and traditional factors Secondly, the agricultural commodity of the region in recent years has faced with many disadvantages in natural disasters and diseases Thirdly, the policy of agricultural protection in importing countries are more or less affecting the export of agricultural products in the region Fourly, the system of infrastructure and services of the region has not met the requirement of the agricultural commodity development 3.2.2.2 Subjective reasons Firstly, the leadership and management of agricultural commodity development at some Party committees, local authorities in the region has not been fully promoted Secondly, the mechanisms and policies for agricultural commodity development at local are lacking in synchronism, inadequate and slow to come into practice Thirdly, the quality of human resources in agriculture has not met the requirements of developing the agricultural commodity of the region Fourthly, 19 investment in agricultural commodity development of the region is not commensurate with the position, role and potential of agriculture Fifthly, the application of science and technology into production and business but lack of synchronism, level of science and technology is not high Sixthly, the market for development of agricultural commodity is slow, unstable; information, market orientation is not focused 3.2.3.Problems arising from the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta Firstly, expanding the scale of production to maximize the advantage of scale in the market economy, integration Secondly, concentrating to the application of science and technology to improve the quality and competitiveness of productivity Thirdly, building a system of appropriate mechanisms and policies to create breakthroughs for agricultural commodity to develope Fourthly, expanding the market for agricultural products to create motivation for agricultural commodity of the region to develop Fifthly, developing a global value chain linking production with processing and consumption of agricultural products, increasing value and quality of agricultural products Summary of chapter In chapter 3, the author has conducted an analysis and evaluation of achievements and limitations, pointing out the causes and issues raised in the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta in the past period The research results in this chapter will be the basis for the author to continue studying and implementing the contents in chapter Chapter vVIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE RED RIVER DELTA IN THE PAS T PERIOD 4.1 Viewpoints for agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta in the coming time 4.1.1 Developing commodity agriculture in the Red River 20 Delta in the direction of modernity and sustainability The viewpoints set out the following requirements: Firstly, developing agricultural commodity needs to create a high-tech agriculture; high manpower; high added value; with large production scale; Large production and markets Secondly, agricultural commodity development ensures simultaneous and thorough development of three economic, social and environmental goals Thirdly, focusing on science and technology, considered as a pillar, the key motivation for developing agricultural commodity fast and sustainablely 4.1.2 The development of commodity agriculture in the Red River Delta is the responsibility of the political system and economic sectors in the region The requirement of the viewpoint is: Firstly, promoting the role of local political and social organizations in the development of agricultural commodity Secondly, considering farmers to be the most direct and subjective subject of agricultural commodity development; The economic sectors are encouraged to develop Agribusinesses are motivation to make value chain of agricultural products Thirdly, state agencies at all levels in the region play a supporting role, creating a favorable environment for effective production and business owners 4.1.3 Comprehensive development of agricultural commodityin the Red River Delta, focusing on improving the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of commodity agricultural products This viewpoints require: Firstly, it is necessary to develop strategies and standards for quality of agricultural products at the level associated with the planning of intensive farming zones in commodity agricultural products with large and modern scale Secondly, thoroughly understanding and concretizing the policy of agricultural restructuring in the direction of raising the added value and sustainable development of the Party in restructuring agriculture of the region Thirdly, promoting trade, marketing agricultural products in the domestic and international markets 21 4.1.4 Developing agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta must be based on internal resources, coupled with the efficient mobilization of external resources Requirements of the viewpoint: Firstly, localities in the Region consider internal resources to play a decisive role for the development of agricultural commodity of the region Secondly, localities should consider external sources as important to increase local resources for the agricultural commodity development of the region Thirdly, combining key investment with socialization of resources for agricultural commodity development in localities in the region 4.2 Solutions for agricultural commodity development in the Red River Delta in the coming time 4.2.1 Completing the planning of specializing area in agricultural commodity products and promoting the division of social labor in agriculture and rural areas Firstly, continuosly completing and implementing the plan of specialized production zones with agricultural commodity in the region Secondly, promoting the division of social labor in agriculture and rural areas 4.2.2 Continously completig the system of machenism, policy to create good environment for agricultural commodity in localities in the region to develop Firstly, completing the policy of land Secondly, completing the policy of tax, credit and investment in agriculture Thirdly,completing the policy of trade and market Fourthly, completing the support policy on science and technology Fifthly, completing the support policy on training human resources, governing, providing market information Sixthly, completing the agricultural insurance policy 4.2.3 Reorganizing agricultural commodity production in the region on the basis of promoting strength and linking production forms in the global value chain 22 Firstly, continuously supporting the household economy to develop into a unit production of agricultural commodity with largescale, high quality and efficiency Secondly, continuously innovating and improving the efficiency of producing and trading agricultural commodity of agribusinesses Thirdly, reviewing and replicating new and effective models of cooperative economy in agriculture Fourthly, strengthening the linkage of agricultural subjects in the global agricultural commodity value chain 4.2.4 Developing agricultural services, markets and processing industries to motivate agricultural commodity production in the region to develop Firstly, diversifying the service activities for production, processing and consumption of agricultural products Secondly, market development of inputs for agricultural commodity production in localities Thirdly, developing output markets for agricultural products to motive production development Fourthly, strongly developing the agricultural, forestry and aquatic product processing industry in order to diversify products and increase the value of agricultural commodities 4.2.5 Promoting the application of advanced sciences and technologies to improve productivity, quality and competitiveness of agricultural commodity Firstly, strengthening to research science and technology in all fields, stages and processes of agricultural production, giving priority to high-tech agricultural research Secondly, reorganizing the technology transfer system in localities, encouraging the subjects to apply science and technology into production and business Thirdly, enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of state management of scientific and technological activities in service of agricultural production and business in localities in the region 23 4.2.6 Consolidating, strengthening and building new infrastructure systems to serve the development of agricultural commodity development in the region Firstly, continuously reviewing, supplementing, completing and properly implementing the approved regional planning on infrastructure Secondly, mobilizing resources for development of agricultural and rural infrastructure for the development of agricultural commodity Thirdly, enhancing the effectiveness of state management and strengthening regional connectivity in the development of infrastructure systems for agricultural commodity development Summary of chapter Basing on theoretical studies, practical experiences and the real situation of development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta in the past period, in Chapter 4, the author has proposed four viewpoints and six solutions for agricultural commodity development the Red River Delta in the coming time CONCLUSION Developing agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta in the socialist-oriented market economy is inevitable However, in the face of globalization, international economic integration, the development of the fourth industrial revolution, the high demands of the cause of building and protecting the country, the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta is posing a number of theoretical and practical issues that need to be systematically studied Developing agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta has focused on transforming and rapidly increasing the production scale and quantity; Improving the quality and completing progressive agricultural commodity structure This development requires the active and creative participation of the subjects in the region, under the effective support of the Central Government; With the forms of development that are synchronous, feasible and aimed at improving the living standards of citizens, contributing to socio-economic development, strengthening and consolidating the national defense 24 and security of the region and the whole country Studying the experiences of agricultural commodity development in China, Thailand and the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam's Central Highlands, the thesis draws on the successful and unsuccessful lessons that localities in the Red River Delta need to study, inherit and apply creatively, in accordance with reality On the basis of evaluating and clarifying the achievements, limitations and reasons for the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta in the period of 2010 - 2017, the thesis has pointed out the following issues which need to be solved: broadening the scale of producing agricultural goods; improving the productivity, quality and competitiveness of agricultural products; expanding the market to create motivation for production; re-organizing the production according to the value chain on the basis of linking the production bases and completing the planning, mechanisms and policies to create a favorable legal environment for the development of agricultural commodity 5.In the coming time, development of agricultural commodity in the Red River delta will be in line with the orientations for modern and sustainable development Comprehensive development focuses on improving productivity, quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the agricultural products Development is the responsibility of the subjects, in which farmers are the foundation, agribusinesses are motivational and state agencies at all levels have the role of creating and integrating internal and external sources of power too promote agricultural commodity in the region to develope At the same time, the implementation of solutions: Continuously improving the planning, promoting division of social labor in agriculture, rural areas; completing the mechanism and policy on development of agricultural commodity; reorganizing the production of agricultural commodity on the basis of bringing into full play the strength and strengthening cooperation between production subjects according to the global value chain; accelerating the transfer and application of advanced science and technology into production and business; Developing the activities of agricultural services, market and 25 development of agricultural and rural socio-economic infrastructure for the development of agricultural commodity K Marx believed that "social life is practical in nature" [59, p 20] Therefore, the results of this research will contribute more to the development of agricultural commodity in the Red River Delta, to improve farmer livelihoods and to elicit scientific issues that need to be tested and followed up in the future ... environment in each country and territory; Thứ tư, phát triển nhanh hay chậm phụ thuộc lớn vào điều kiện tự nhiên, kinh tế, trị, văn hóa, xã hội quốc gia, vùng lãnh thổ thời kỳ định Fourthly, the development... animal feed"; Luong Trung Thanh, Thinh Van Khang, Nguyen Thi Lan Huong (2017), "Development of cooperative economy in agriculture in Thanh Hoa province"; Pham Thi Thanh Binh (2018), "Comparative... Red River Delta"; Do Thi Thanh Loan (2015), "Restructuring agricultural economy in the Red River Delta in the context of international economic integration"; Phi Van Hanh (2016), "Sustainable agricultural